Showing papers on "Potassium nitrate published in 1983"

The hydrolysis of metal ions. Part 5. Thorium(IV)

Abstract: The hydrolysis of thorium(IV) in 0.10 mol dm–3 potassium nitrate has been investigated by potentiometric titration at 25 °C. Numerical analysis by our version of MINIQUAD has indicated that the only acceptable model involves the species [Th(OH)]3+, [Th4(OH)12]4+, and [Th6(OH)15]9+, for which the overall formation constants, expressed as –log βpq, are 2.98 (0.007), 30.55 (0.03), and 34.41 (0.03), the estimated standard deviations being given in parentheses.

Growth of contact nuclei of potassium nitrate

Abstract: Les donnees experimentales montrent que la taille des cristaux obtenus ne depend pas de la presence de germes dans le systeme eau-nitrate de potassium. Cinetique

Cesium-containing optical glass

Abstract: A cesium-containing optical glass comprising, by weight, 32-56% of SiO2, 6-25% of K2 O, 6-32% of Cs2 O, 0-30% of BaO, 0-2.5% of MgO, 5-34% of ZnO, 0-3% of ZrO2 and 0-5% of SnO2, provided that the total proportion of BaO, MgO and ZnO is 8-40% and the total proportion of ZrO2 and SnO2 is 0.2-6%. When this cesium-containing optical glass is treated in a molten bath containing potassium nitrate, the cesium ion in the glass is easily exchanged with a potassium ion and therefore, the cesium ion concentration gradually decreases radially outwardly from the central axis and the potassium ion concentration gradually increases in that direction. Thus, there is obtained a light converge-type lens in which the refractive index gradually decreases in the same direction.

Measurements of self-diffusion coefficients of the nitrate ion in aqueous solutions of potassium nitrate and calcium nitrate

Abstract: Self-diffusion coefficients of nitrate ions in aqueous solutions of potassium and calcium nitrate have been measured at 298.2 K over the concentration range 0.001–0.5 mol dm–3 using a diaphragm cell with 15NO–3 as tracer. Activation energies for the self-diffusion of nitrate ions in 0.01 and 0.1 mol dm–3 potassium nitrate and calcium nitrate solutions have also been determined from measurements at temperatures from 278 to 308 K. These are compared with those for ammonium ions.

Effects of fertilisers on vegetable production 1. Yield of spinach and beetroot as affected by rates and forms of nitrogenous fertilisers

Abstract: Pot and field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of nitrogenous (N) fertilisers on the yield of spinach and beetroot. The pot trials involved 2 soils (Wakanui silt loam and Kaiapoi sandy loam), 2 varieties of spinach (Spinacea oleracea L.) 1 variety of beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.), and 5 application rates (0, 150, 300, 450, and 600 kg N/ha) of 6 different nitrogenous fertilisers (potassium nitrate, ammonium sulphate, ammonium sulphate + N-serve, poultry manure, urea, and ammonium sulphate + N-serve + potassium nitrate). The nitrification inhibitor, N-serve, was used to retard the microbial conversion of ammonium fertilisers to the nitrate form. In the field experiment, 1 soil (Wakanui silt loam), 1 spinach variety, and 5 application rates each of potassium nitrate and ammonium sulphate + N-serve were used. Most fertilisers gave maximum yields in pot trials when applied at 300-450 kg N/ha. The highest maximum yields were obtained with potassium nitrate fertiliser and the lowest with...

Determination of trace elements in biological materials using a hollow-cathode discharge: comparative study of matrix effects

Abstract: An emission source that does not appear to be significantly prone to matrix effects is the hollow-cathode discharge. In order to elucidate its effective potential a number of elements (aluminium, arsenic, calcium, copper, gallium and zinc) were determined in the presence of various compounds (orthophosphoric acid, sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate) over a wide range of concentrations and internal ratios. The same elements were determined in liquid samples resulting from mineralisation of biological materials (kidney, liver, brain and blood of mice). The results showed that the hollow-cathode emission source is affected by this type of interference to a lesser extent than atomic-absorption spectrometry and arc-emission spectrography.

Treatment of nitrate intoxication in a cow

Abstract: Nitrate poisoning was induced in a cow by giving it 200 g potassium nitrate through a rumen fistula for three to four days in succession. The effect of treatment with methylene blue, ascorbic acid and menadione, administered intravenously in different dosages was assessed by measuring methaemoglobin as a percentage of total haemoglobin and comparing the results with those from the untreated cow. The results obtained indicate that ascorbic acid and menadione are unsuitable for treatment of methaemoglobinaemia in nitrate poisoned cattle, but treatment with methylene blue at 1 mg/kg body weight appears to be adequate.

The hydrolysis of metal ions. Part 6. Scandium(III)

Abstract: The potentiometric titration technique has been used to study the hydrolytic behaviour of the scandium(III) ion in 0.10 mol dm–3 potassium nitrate at 25 °C. Data treatment indicates the presence of the species [Sc(OH)]2+, [Sc2(OH)2]4+, and [Sc3(OH)5]4+, the –log βpq values being 4.840 (0.008), 6.096 (0.004), and 17.567 (0.006) respectively; the estimated standard deviations are given in parentheses.

Method for preparing ternary mixtures of ethylenediamine dinitrate, ammonium nitrate and potassium nitrate

Abstract: An explosive ternary nitrate mixture of ethylenediamine dinitrate, ammoniumitrate, and potassium is prepared by mixing together approximately stoichiometric amounts of aqueous nitric acid, ethylenediamine, ammonia, and potassium hydroxide at a temperature of less than about 130° C. The additions can be made simultaneously or sequentially in any order.

The hydrolysis of metal ions. Part 7. Beryllium(II)

Abstract: The potentiometric titration technique has been used to study the hydrolytic behaviour of beryllium(II) ion in 0.10 mol dm3 potassium nitrate at 25.0 °C. Treatment of the data obtained indicates the presence of the species Be(OH)2, [Be2(OH)]3+, and [Be3(OH)3]3+, the –log βpq values being 11.320(0.008), 2.955(0.007), and 8.804(0.002) respectively, the estimated standard deviations being given in parentheses.

Phytochrome regulation of nitrate reductase in wheat

Abstract: In excised wheat leaves, the activity of nitrate reductase was enhanced by a brief pulse of red light and this increase was reversed by far-red light irradiation. Even under continuous far-red light, nitrate reductase activity increased by 258% after 18 h. When leaves were kept in distilled water during exposure to red light and then transferred to potassium nitrate, there was no difference in endogenous nitrate concentration. The nitrate reductase activity was the same whether leaves were floated in potassium nitrate or in distilled water during irradiation. Partial to complete inhibition of enzyme activity was observed when leaves were incubated in actinomycin-D and cycloheximide respectively, following 4 h of red light irradiation.In vitro irradiation of extract had no significant effect on nitrate reductase activity

Physiological and Nutritional Studies with an Isolate of Leptolegnia Sp. from the Freshwater Nematode Neomesomermis Flumenalis

Abstract: The basic physiological responses and nutritional requirements for mycelial growth of an isolate of Leptolegnia sp. were determined. The optimum temperature was 19 C, and the optimum pH range was 4.7 to 5.7. The optimum level of vitamin-free casamino acids in the presence of glucose was 20 g/l, and the optimum glucose concentration was 8 g/1l. When organic nitrogen sources were supplied either individually or as a mixture (vitamin-free casamino acids), L-proline, L-arginine, L-histidine, L-threonine, L-serine, L-glutamic acid, glycine, L-leucine, L-alanine, L-glutamine, L-valine, and L-aspartic acid were utilized. L-phenylalanine, L-tyrosine, L-isoleucine, L-lysine, and L-a-amino-n-butyric acid were utilized only from the mixture and not as individual sources. Ammonium chloride functioned as a nitrogen source but neither potassium nitrate nor potassium nitrite were utilized. L-methionine (optimum concentration of 50 ppm) did not serve as either a carbon or a nitrogen source, but of the sulfur sources tested, it supported the best growth. Glucose, maltose, starch, glycogen, and sucrose were readily utilized as carbon sources. When glucose was omitted from a growth medium containing casamino acids, L-threonine, L-alanine, L-isoleucine, L-leucine, L-lysine, L-tryptophan, urea, L-serine, glycine, cysteic acid, L-aspartic acid, L-glutamic acid, and Lornithine were utilized earlier than in the presence of glucose, and, thus, probably served as carbon sources. A requirement for a high level of organic nitrogen was also found when individual organic nitrogen sources were used in the presence of glucose. L-proline and Lalanine had optimum concentrations of 20 g (2400 mg N/l) and 7.5 g (1200 mg N/l), respectively. The optimal concentration for an inorganic nitrogen source was much lower. A basal medium adjusted to pH 5.2 and composed of glucose, methionine, potassium phosphate, a standard complement of micronutrients and either L-proline, L-alanine, or ammonium chloride was devised.

Prepn. of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilisers - by combining potassium hydroxide with acid and nitrogen cpd. addn.

Abstract: KOH with an acid and adding at least one N cpd The fertiliser may be in liquid or powder form The source of nitrogen is pref free from urea, esp potassium nitrate, ammonium phosphates, or ammonium sulphate The acid may be phosphoric acid, esp added at a ratio that forms monopotassium phosphate by reaction with the KOH The acid may also be citric acid which is preferred when the fertiliser is formulated in the form of a powder Powdered formulations pref have an N-P -K ratio of 15-10-20 or 16-7-29, the solubility in water being 30-50% Liquid formulations have the N-P -K ratios 10-10-10; 9-14-9; 6-12-18; 13-71/2-15; 71/2-5-10; 8-4-4 or 4-4-9, the last three being partic pref when free from urea The fertiliser is well absorbed by plants, it is of low cost, and its use is particularly easy

Response of wheat to five nitrogen fertilisers in northern canterbury

Abstract: The effects of pelleted urea, an aqueous urea solution, ammonium sulphate, a lime/ammonium nitrate mix and potassium nitrate on grain yield in winter-sown 'Rongotea' wheat were assessed in 13 field experiments conducted in three cropping seasons. The nitrogen fertilisers were applied in early spring to the tillering wheat at rates which supplied 35, 70, 105 and 140 kg N/ha. Grain yield responses to applied nitrogen were markedly affected by spring-summer rainfall and varied widely among cropping years and sites. Differences among nitrogen fertilisers were generally small and not significant, apart from an inferiority of the urea solution. Additional Keywords: urea, ammonium sulphate, ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate, spring-summer rairifa/1, 'plant-available' nitrogen, shallow and deep soils.

Manufacturing of infrared reflecting glass

Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain a heat-insulating glass having high infrared reflectivity, by substituting sodium in the surface layer of glass with potassium, reheaing the glass, and coating the product with metal oxide. CONSTITUTION:Sodium ions existing in the glass surface layer at about 25- 40mum in depth are substituted with potassium ions e.g. by immersing a soda lime-silica glass in potassium nitrate bath at about 460 deg.C. The treated glass is reheated at >=550 deg.C, and coated with a coating layer by spraying a metallic compound such as dibutyltin oxide free of fluorine to the surface. By this treatment, the pollution problem of the oxide coating layer with sodium migrated from glass can be solved, and a high quality coating layer having high infrared reflectivity can be formed.

Potassium nitrate and nitrosamine formation.

Abstract: The influence of potassium nitrate on the formation of nitrosamines in salami was studied. Samples of salami were prepared, with and without the addition of potassium nitrate. Under the conditions of the experiment, potassium nitrate did not represent a source of either nitrite or nitrosamines. Independently of the presence of potassium nitrate in the sample formulation, the growth of bacterial flora reached a maximum in the first 20 days of the ripening process.

Potential Multipurpose Additives: Flash-Erosion Suppressant

Abstract: : Erosion and simultaneous flash were measured on M30 propellant and on a series of propelling charges containing M30 and various candidate additives. The data acquired with the ARRADCOM test fixture indicated that the carbonates and bicarbonates of both potassium and ammonium performed as well or better than the standard erosion additives (TiO2 and talc) in reducing erosion. The flash data revealed that the bicarbonates of potassium and ammonium as well as ammonium carbonate reduced flash better than either potassium nitrate or potassium sulfate. Potassium carbonate reduced flash as well as potassium nitrate and better than potassium sulfate. In addition, the ammonium salts did not contribute to the smoke. Limited field tests were conducted in an experimental 81-mm recoilless gun. Blast overpressure was reduced by 56% because of the ammonium bicarbonate smokeless flash reduction.

Behavior of nine solar-pond candidate salts

Abstract: Several highly soluble salts were tested for their suitability as solar pond materials in a laboratory salinity gradient pond. Each of the salts tested has the potential to become a cheap, widely available resource, and could favorably impact the economics of salt-gradient solar ponds. Each salt's performance was compared with the performance of sodium chloride, the most commonly used salt in ponds. Predictions of stability were made and compared with experimentally derived stability as determined by the growth of convective layers. The investigators observed good agreement between experimental and theoretical ranking of the stability of each salt. However, it was apparent that more extensive information on the properties of candidate salt solutions was needed. Sodium carbonate, magnesium chloride, and calcium chloride exhibited greater stability than sodium chloride at the same concentration gradient. Ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate, and potassium chloride showed less stability than sodium chloride at the same concentration gradient. The latter three salts are soluble enough to achieve the same stability as sodium chloride, but only if the concentration gradient is increased. Because of its low solubility, sodium bicarbonate was much less stable than sodium chloride and is probably unsuitable for an unsaturated salt-gradient pond.

Some Characteristics of Inoculum for the Mass Culture of a Halophilic, Thermophilic Strain of Synechococcus elongatus

Abstract: Cultures of a halophilic strain of Synechococcus elongatus Naegeli var. vestitus Copeland were grown at various temperatures. Maximum growth rates (K value 0.363) occurred in cultures kept at a constant 45°C, while cultures moved from 45°C to 35°C for a period of 5 months and returned to 45°C did not attain growth rates as high as the growth rate at the original temperature of 45°C. Availability and ratios of sources of nitrogen and phosphorus for the culture were investigated using potassium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate. Optimal nitrogen:phosphate (N:P) ratios obtained were 10.19:1 in culture with potassium nitrate or 18.7:1 with urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

Formation of oxide film on high-speed steel

Abstract: PURPOSE:To form an oxide film having excellent machining power in a short time, by holding a high-speed steel tool in a salt, e.g. sodium nitrate, heated at a specified temp. for a predetermined time, cooling it in air, washing it with water and then drying it. CONSTITUTION:A sodium nitrate agent, a sodium nitrite agent, a mixed agent of both of them, a mixed agent of potassium and sodium nitrates or a mixed agent of potassium nitrate and sodium nitrite is used as a salt. This salt is heated at 400-500 deg.C, and a high-speed steel tool is dipped in it for a predetermined time to form an oxide film of Fe3O4 on the surface of the tool. Thereafter, the tool is taken out of the bath, washed with water and then dried. Thus, the machining power of the tool can be remarkably improved.