Showing papers on "Potassium nitrate published in 2022"

Single Particle Electrochemical Oxidation of Polyvinylpyrrolidone-Capped Silver Nanospheres, Nanocubes, and Nanoplates in Potassium Nitrate and Potassium Hydroxide

Abstract: Single particle electrochemical oxidation of poly(vinylpyrrolidone)-capped silver nanoparticles at a microdisk electrode was investigated as a function of particle shape (spheres, cubes, and plates) in potassium nitrate and potassium hydroxide solutions. In potassium nitrate, extreme anodic potentials (≥1500 mV vs. Ag/AgCl (3 M KCl)) were necessary to achieve oxidation, while lower anodic potentials were required in potassium hydroxide (≥900 mV vs. Ag/AgCl (saturated KCl)). Upon oxidation, silver oxide is formed, readily catalyzing water oxidation, producing a spike-step current response. The spike duration for each particle was used to probe effects of particle shape on the oxidation mechanism, and is substantially shorter in nitrate at the large overpotentials than in hydroxide solution. The integration of current spikes indicate initial oxidation to Ag(I) in a mixed-valance complex. In both electrolytes, the rate of silver oxidation strongly depends on silver content of the nanoparticles, rather than the shape-dependent variable–surface area. The step height, which reflects rate of water oxidation, also tracks the silver content more so than shape. Results were compared to those from less-protected citrate-capped particles and suggest that contributions of the polymer capping ligand to kinetic barriers to oxidation are negligible under these conditions.

PVDF/KNO3 Composite Sub-Microfibers Produced by Solution Blow Spinning as a Hydrophobic Matrix for Fertilizer Delivery System

Abstract: Nutrient supplementation is a common practice in agriculture to increase crop productivity in the field. This supplementation is usually excessive, causing nutrient leaching in periods of rainfall leading to environmental problems. To overcome such issues, many studies have been devoted to developing polymeric matrices for the controlled and continuous release of nutrients, reducing losses, and keeping plants nourished for as long as possible. However, the release mechanism of these matrices is based on water diffusion. They start immediately for swellable polymeric matrices, which is not interesting and also may cause some waste, because the plant only needs nutrition only after the germination process. Here, as proof of concept, we tested a hydrophobic polymeric matrix based on sub-microfibers mats, produced by solution blow spinning, filled with potassium nitrate (KNO3) for the controlled release of nutrients to plants. In this work, we used the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) polymer to produce composite nanofibers containing pure potassium nitrate in the proportion of 10% weight. PVDF/KNO sub-microfibers mats were obtained with 370 nm average diameter and high occurrence of beads. We performed a release test using PVDF/KNO3 mats in a water bath. The release kinetic tests showed an anomalous delivery mechanism, but the composite polymeric fibrous mat showed itself to be a promising alternative to delay the nutrient delivery for the plants.

Yield and Fruit Quality Response of Pomegranate (Punica granatum) to Foliar Spray of Potassium, Calcium and Kaolin

Abstract: To study the effect of potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate and kaolin (Aluminum silicate) on pomegranate cv. Wonderful, this study was conducted during 2020–2021 to investigate the possibility of minimizing the percentages of sunburn and fruit cracking and ameliorating the yield and fruit quality of pomegranate during the aforementioned period. Four sprays consisting of potassium nitrate at 1%, 2% and 3%, calcium nitrate at 2%, 3% and 4%, kaolin at 2%, 4% and 6% and water only (control) were sprayed on pomegranate trees during May, July, and August. The results showed that through spraying the fruit at set percentages, fruit yield was greatly increased through the spraying of potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate and kaolin, particularly the application of potassium nitrate at 3% and 4% and kaolin at 6% as opposed to than the other percentages. In addition, the percentages of fruit cracking and sunburn were markedly lessened by the application of calcium nitrate at 4% and 6% and also by kaolin at 6%. Moreover, the fruit content from TSS, total sugars and anthocyanin, was improved through the spraying of potassium nitrate at 2% and 3%, whereas the fruit weight and firmness were improved by the application of calcium nitrate at 4% and kaolin at 6%.

Effect of Foliar Application with Potassium Nitrate and Copper Sulfate on Fruit Yield and Quality of Pear (Pyrus communis L.) Trees

Abstract: ABSTRACT Influence of foliar application of potassium nitrate and copper sulfate on the production and quality of Pear cv. Le Conte was carried out at Horticulture Research Farm and Postharvest Laboratory, The University of Agriculture Peshawar-Pakistan, during the year 2018–19. The aim of the study was to get quality pear production with minimal disease incidence. The research was carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The study contained two factors, i.e., different concentrations of potassium nitrate (0%, 1%, 2%, and 3%) as Factor A, while different levels of copper sulfate (0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, and 0.8%) as factor B and the treatments were applied in spring season at the fruit set stage. The application of 2% potassium nitrate to the pear plants resulted in heaviest fruit (188.30 g), maximum fruit volume (203.80 cm3), fruit yield tree−1 (60.13 kg) with minimum fruit drop (8.52%) and disease incidence (5.28%), while maximum fruit firmness (7.66 kg.cm−2), total soluble solids (12.40 ○Brix), fruit juice pH (5.38), ascorbic acid content (5.56 mg.100 g−1) while minimum Titratable acidity (0.41%) were noted in fruits of plants sprayed with 3% potassium nitrate solution. However, the maximum fruit weight (192.04 g), fruit yield tree−1 (59.06 kg), minimum fruit drop (6.75%), and disease incidences (3.54%) were recorded in pear plants applied with 0.6% foliar copper sulfate solution. However, maximum fruit firmness (7.53 kg.cm−2), total soluble solids (12.38 ○Brix), fruit juice pH (5.31), ascorbic acid content (5.22 mg.100 g−1) with minimum Titratable acidity (0.42%) were noted in the plants sprayed with 0.8% copper sulfate solution. This study will provide a basis for high yield and quality fruit production, which will affect the storability of pear and other important fruit crops. Further studies should be conducted to optimize the dose, timing, and method of application of these fungicides for other pome fruits.

Physiological Studies and Ultrastructure of Vigna sinensis L. and Helianthus annuus L. under Varying Levels of Nitrogen Supply

Abstract: This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different nitrogen fertilizers (potassium nitrate and/or urea) on shoot parameters, relative growth rate, net assimilation rate, and nitrogen fractions, as well as to conduct transmission electron microscopy, of Vigna sinensis L. (cowpea) and Helianthus annuus L. (sunflower) leaves. A general improvement was recorded in the shoot parameters of the two plants, except for a decrease in the net assimilation rate by treatment of the two plants with 100% potassium nitrate plus 100% urea. The total nitrogen, insoluble protein, and total soluble nitrogen generally decreased in cowpea shoots from the treatments but increased in case of cowpea roots and sunflower shoots and roots. The examination of the ultrastructure changes in cowpea leaves confirmed the presence of two starch granules (in response to 100% potassium nitrate, 100% potassium nitrate plus 100% urea, and the control) and three granules (in response to 50% potassium nitrate plus 50% urea) and the disappearance of the starch granules (in response to 100% urea). Despite the starch granules not being detected in the leaves of the untreated sunflower, the treated plant showed the appearance of the highest number after treatment with 50% potassium nitrate plus 50% urea (2) and the most cell size with the 100% potassium nitrate treatment. Generally, our findings demonstrated that fertilization with 50% potassium nitrate plus 50% urea has the best influence on the growth parameters and nitrogen content in the two plants, but the magnitude of response was more pronounced in case of cowpea plants.

A short term comparative evaluation of the efficacy of diode laser with desensitizing toothpastes and mouthwashes in the treatment of dentinal hypersensitivity

Abstract: Background Treatment of dentinal hypersensitivity (DH) has always been challenging with a wide variety of therapeutic options, in-office and home care. The study objective was to compare the clinical efficacy of diode laser [DL] with four commercially available desensitizing agents (two toothpastes and two mouthwashes) in the treatment of DH. Material and Methods This study involved 75 participants (25-45 years) who were categorized as Group 1 (n=15) treated with DL, and Groups 2, 3,4 and 5 (n=15 in each) who were prescribed 3% potassium nitrate mouth rinse, a herbal mouth rinse, potassium nitrate tooth paste and a herbal tooth paste, respectively. DH was assessed by air blast stimulation using air blast syringe, and evaluation of DH was done based on the patient’s subjective response using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at baseline, 1 week and 1 month. Results DL and the desensitizing agents showed significant reduction in DH at 1 month when compared with baseline, except potassium nitrate mouth wash. However, DL showed more percentage reduction in DH when compared with potassium nitrate tooth paste, herbal mouth wash and paste. Conclusions The study implies that even though all five groups showed improvement in terms of DH reduction, DL showed the best results among all the groups. Key words:Dentinal Hypersensitivity, Diode Laser, Potassium Nitrate, Herbal, Visual analog scale.

Effect of Potassium Source and Dose on Yield and Quality of Strawberry Fruit

Abstract: The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of potassium fertilization source and dose on productivity and quality parameters of strawberry. The trial was conducted in 2016-2017 at the experimental greenhouse of Hassan II Institute of Agronomy and Veterinary Sciences in Rabat. Strawberry plants of the cultivar “San Andreas” were planted on November 6 th in 12 liter pots equipped with a gravity fertigation system. The experimental design was a split-plot with eight treatment combinations of two potassium fertilizer sources: 1) Potassium Sulphate for the whole growing cycle (PS/PS); 2) Potassium Nitrate during the vegetative period and Potassium Sulfate during the fruit production period (PN/PS) and four potassium fertilizer doses: 100, 200, 300 and 400 kg/ha of K 2 O replicated thrice. Potassium sulfate source was superior to potassium nitrate on the improvement of productivity and quality parameters of strawberry fruit. Potassium sulphate improved the number of flowers by 16%, fruit production by 21%, sugar content by 3%, and titrable acidity content by 0.5 g/L. The highest yield was recorded in plants receiving 300 kg/ha K 2 O as potassium sulphate. The 300 kg K 2 O/ha dose gave also superior results regarding quality parameters of strawberry fruit. This optimum potassium dose enhanced number of flowers by 35%, fruits produced by 44%, sugar content by 25% and titrable acidity content by 0.9 g/L.

Silver‐Based Conductive Ink on Paper Electrodes Based on Micro‐Pen Writing for Electroanalytical Applications

Abstract: Nano-silver conductive inks have attracted the attention of researchers due to their high electrical conductivity, good chemical stability, and wide applicability. As the mainstream conductive ink, it is mostly used in inkjet printing, but its application is limited due to the high sintering temperature. In this paper, silver nanoparticles were synthesized by reducing silver nitrate with sodium borohydride. Using silver nanoparticles as basic conductive fillers and graphene or copper nanoparticles as auxiliary conductive fillers, silver conductive inks, silver/graphene conductive inks and silver/copper conductive inks suitable for micro-direct writing printing were prepared. Electrode patterns were printed on photo paper by micro-pen writing printing. The prepared paper electrode can detect nitrate using electrochemical analysis. The results show that the paper electrodes prepared with the three conductive inks can be used for the analysis of potassium ferricyanide and potassium nitrate. The minimum square resistance of paper electrodes prepared with silver conductive ink is 0.11 Ω/sq. It can be cycled 60 times in electrochemical applications with small standard deviation and high reproducibility and stability. Analysis and detection can also be performed in nitrate concentrations ranging from 60 μM to 1000 μM. This low silver-containing, green, and low resistivity flexible electrode offers a solution for the simplicity and economy of electronic devices.

Evaluation of different methods for breaking cypsela dormancy in two local populations of Scotch thistle (Onopordum acanthium L.) collected from the west and northwest of Iran

Abstract: Abstract Scotch thistle (Onopordum acanthium L.) is a weed species on farmlands and pastures in parts of the west and northwest of Iran. Cypselas can remain in the soil seedbank over a prolonged period due to varying degrees of dormancy. This study examined different methods for breaking cypsela dormancy in two local populations of Scotch thistle at the research laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture of Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University in 2020. In these experiments, the effects of sulfuric acid, wet and dry prechilling, potassium nitrate, and gibberellic acid were evaluated on the breaking of dormancy. All the experiments were conducted as a completely randomized design with four replications and two runs. The response of two local populations of Scotch thistle were similar, and no significant difference was observed. The experiment treatments significantly increased cypsela germination compared with the control. The maximum germination percentages were observed in cypselas soaked in 98% sulfuric acid for 10 min (60.60%), KNO3 for 96 h (69.36%), GA3 for 48 h (88.43%), and wet prechilling for 72 h (34.61%). Although prechilling increased germination, it was suggested that germination could be more than the recorded values if the duration of wet prechilling was increased. The best cypsela germination rate, mean germination time, T50, and radicle and plumule length were observed after soaking in GA3 for 48 h and KNO3 for 96 h. It seems that water-soluble inhibitors in the embryo and probably the cypsela coat cause seed dormancy in this weed species. These findings could help develop effective management strategies associated with the dormancy of cypselas for this species.

Effect of Potassium Salts on Biochar Pyrolysis

Abstract: Alkali pretreatment is one of the chemical pretreatment technologies that has been examined on various types of lignocellulosic biomass. To gain a better insight into the effects of a potassium-based catalyst on pyrolysis behavior with different materials, potassium bicarbonate (KHCO3) and potassium nitrate (KNO3) were used as additives in this study. The experimental parameters which included particle size, heating rate, and additive loading were investigated. The results showed that adding potassium for both KHCO3 and KNO3 to feedstocks led to increase in biochar. A model-free method, Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (FWO), was implemented in this study to determine the activation energy values for untreated and potassium-treated feedstocks. A reduction in apparent activation energy values of treated biomass was observed. This indicates that adding potassium salt to biomass influenced the structures of the main components and promoted the catalytic effect of pyrolysis. Activation energies of treated pine range from 250 to 308 kJ/mol, and energies of wheat straw range from 277 to 402 kJ/mol.

Effect of silver diamine fluoride, potassium nitrate, and glutaraldehyde in reducing the post vital tooth preparation hypersensitivity: A randomized controlled trial

Abstract: Aim: Hypersensitivity is the most common clinical problem which is encountered by most of dental patients undergoing a vital tooth preparation for a fixed crown prosthesis. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of silver diamine fluoride, potassium nitrate, and glutaraldehyde in reducing dentinal hypersensitivity following vital tooth preparation. Settings and Design: This study is a randomized control trial performed on 119 teeth of 68 patients who are in need of fixed prosthesis treatment. Materials and Methods: After a thorough clinical examination, patients were allocated into any of the randomly assigned four groups (Control, silver diamine fluoride, potassium nitrate, and glutaraldehyde) and the level of hypersensitivity was measured by blasting air on the surface of tooth at five different intervals (before preparation, after preparation, after application of desensitizers, before cementation and after a follow up period of about 30 days) and is graded using Schiff 's cumulative hypersensitivity index. Statistical Analysis Used: Kruskal wallis test is used to compare the rate of sensitivity between the 4 groups. Friedman and Wilcoxon test is used to compare the rate of sensitivity at 5 different intervals. Results: All the desensitizers used in this study reduced the level of hypersensitivity. Among which, silver diamine fluoride was found to be more effective after application, before cementation, and after a follow up period of about 30 days followed by GLUMA and potassium nitrate. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that silver diamine fluoride was found to be more effective after application, before cementation of the definitive prosthesis and after a follow up period of 30 days.

Effects of various dormancy breaking treatment on seed germination in Sclerorhachis leptoclada boiss: an endangered medicinal plant in arid area

Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pre-sowing treatments and temperature on Sclerorhachis leptoclada Boiss. seed germination. The following treatments were used), hot water (soaking in water at 70?C and 90?C for 5 second), Moist Chilling (Soaking in water at 2?C for 7,14 and 21day with the temperature gradually falling to room temperature), scarification by 0.2% potassium nitrate (soaking for 24 h and 48 h) and Gibberellic acid (GA: at concentrations of 250, 500 and 750 ppm soaking for 24 h and 48 h) and Distilled Water (control). The percentage of germination, germination rate, germination start (GS), mean germination time (MGT), and germination vigor index were determined as germination indices. Root and shoot length, root fresh weight, root dry weight, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight and seedling dry weight were evaluated as growth factors at the end of the incubation period. Second experiment was carried out to study the effect of temperature on seed germination. It was observed that both the physical and chemical scarification methods were effective in enhancing S. leptoclada seed germination and growth. The highest germination rate, percentage of germination and germination vigor index was observed with Moist Chilling (Soaking in water at 2?C for 14 day), 0.2% potassium nitrate (soaking for 48h) and GA (at concentration of 250 ppm soaking for 48h) in compare with control. Also the highest growth factors were found in Moist Chilling (Soaking in water at 2?C for 7day) treated seeds and the lowest occurred in hot water treatments. The other results showed that higher temperature was more effective lower temperature for seed germination.

Changes in Nitrate Concentration, Nitrate Reductase Activity, and Accumulation of Nutrients in Spinach (<em>Spinacia Oleracea</em> L.) in Response to <em>Streptomyces</em> Sp. Inoculation

Abstract: A replicated outdoor pot experiment was conducted in order to investigate the effect of different phytohormone and siderophore producing, and P-solubilizing bacterial species on spinach nu-trient uptake, nitrate concentration and nitrate reductase activity. The mentioned parameters were determined in spinach leaves (Spinacia oleracea L.), non-inoculated and inoculated with four plant growth–promoting actinobacteria (Streptomyces griseus (S1), Streptomyces albogriseolus (S2), Strep-tomyces aurantiacus (S3) and Streptomyces kanamyceticus (S4) under the influence of two sources of nitrogen fertilizers including potassium nitrate and urea (100 and 200 ppm). Inoculation with the strains increased spinach shoot fresh weight by 16%–43% over the control. Bacterial inoculation gave leaf chlorophyll increases of 15%–40%. Inoculation increased plant height by 2.2%–24.6% in spinach. A close reverse relationship between nitrate concentration and enzyme activity (r2= 0.87) was demonstrated. The measured parameter responses were variable and dependent on the in-oculant strain, with highest enzyme activity and lowest nitrate concentration exhibited in S2 (S. albogriseolus) inoculation. The source and application dose of nitrogen fertilizer had varied impact on measured parameter. The maximum phosphorous and iron concentration were measured by soil inoculation with S4 and applying 200 ppm nitrate potassium nitrogen fertilizer. Application of 200 ppm KNO3 nitrogen fertilizer with different Streptomyces strains showed the capability of S2 in decreasing nitrate content while protein content increased. In particular, the strains S2 and S4 have great potential in being formulated and used as biofertilizers.

Potassium Nitrate Priming Effect on the Germination of Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum. Mill) cvs. “Mersa” and “Tekeze-1”

Abstract: To compare the responses of two open-pollinated tomato varieties to germination parameters and shoot growth, seeds of open-pollinated tomato varieties, Mersa and Tekeze-1 were given osmopriming treatments with potassium nitrate (KNO3) in a lab setting. A completely randomized design with four replications was used. The analysis of variance revealed that both tomato varieties responded differently to priming with potassium nitrate concentrations significantly ( P < 0.05 ) for almost all measured traits. Potassium nitrate treatments also affected final germination percent (G%) and mean daily germination percent significantly ( P < 0.05 ) and germination index (GI) and shoot length (SL) ( P < 0.001 ). However, KNO3 did not have a significant effect on time for 50% germination (T50) and mean germination time (MGT). Variety Mersa showed better performance in germination percent (G%) and SL than Tekeze-1; while Tekeze-1 had shorter days for MGT and reached T50 faster than the Mersa variety. Potassium concentrations at 0.5% and 1.5% showed better germination results than the control and at 1% KNO3. The interaction of the Mersa variety with KNO3 at 1.5% and 1% resulted in the highest SL, but the Tekeze-1 variety had the highest shoot length at 0.5% KNO3 concentration, indicating that the varieties have different responses to the applied KNO3 rate. This study confirmed the possibility of enhancing seed germination through externally applied priming agents such as KNO3. Despite being a preliminary finding, this study demonstrated that tomato cultivars differ in how they react to KNO3 priming, and more research, using other tomato varieties and priming agents, is needed.

Ameliorative effects of foliar potassium nitrate on the growth, physiological, and stomatal properties of lettuce plants under salinity stress

Abstract: Abstract The restorative effects of foliar potassium nitrate spraying on morphological, physiological, and stomata properties of salt-affected lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) cv. Yedikule plants were investigated. Lettuce seedlings grown under saline irrigation water constituted by NaCl levels with 50, 100, 150, and 200 mM were sprayed with foliar KNO3 at 500 mg L−1 after 30-day-old plants. Salinity stress adversely influenced plant growth and physiological parameters. Fresh plant biomass, leaf area per plant, and leaf number were limited at 100 mM NaCl and above. Leaf temperature, chlorophyll content, dry matter, turgor loss, and electrolyte leakage were enhanced under saline conditions; however, salinity diminished leaf relative water content. Foliar KNO3 spraying improved the physiologic and stomata traits of salt-affected lettuce plants rather than plant growth. The electrolyte leakage was increased by increasing salinity and KNO3 spraying, whereas the relative injury was lower in the plants treated with foliar KNO3. An increase in stomata density was detected up to 100 mM NaCl, while stomata length and width were gradually decreased. Salinity and foliar KNO3 resulted in more frequent stomata number up to 100 mM NaCl, but it was surprisingly reduced at higher NaCl levels. Lettuce plants could grow up with irrigation water salinity of 100 mM and foliar KNO3 with 500 mg L−1 could regulate the adverse effects of salinity on the physiological characteristics up to 100 mM NaCl.

Pengaruh konsentrasi kalium nitrat (KNO3) terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil bunga tanaman Krisan pot (Crysanthemum morifolium) varietas Cyra Agrihorti

Abstract: Potted chrysanthemum plants are very popular with the public because of their various colors, sizes and shapes. The experiment was aimed to give the concentration of potassium nitrate (KNO3) which had a good effect on the growth and yield of potted chrysanthemums cyra agrihorti varieties. The experiment was carried out from March to May 2021 in Cimeta Village, Tugumukti Village, Cisarua District, West Bandung Regency at an altitude of 1312 m above sea level. The experiment method used complete randomized design (CRDB) of six treatments and four replications. The KNO3 concentration treatments used were A = 0 g/liter, B = 1 g/liter, C = 2 g/liter, D = 3g/liter, E = 4 g/liter, and F = 5 g/liter. The results showed that the KNO3 concentration treatment had an effect on increasing the growth and yield of potted chrysanthemum plants. Treatment with KNO3 concentration of 4 g/liter (E) and KNO3 concentration of 5 g/liter (F) had a better effect than other treatments on the growth and yield of potted chrysanthemum Cyra Agrohorti varieties

The Effect of Epigallocatechin Gallate Extract on Dental Erosion an in Vitro Study

Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the antierosive effect of epigallocatechin gallate extract (EGCG) on dental erosion and to compare it with potassium nitrate containing mouthwash. Materials and Methods: This invitro study was conducted in Sardar Begum Dental College and Peshawar dental hospital, Peshawar, KPK. The Scanning electron microscope study was carried out in Centralized Resource Laboratory (CRL), University of Peshawar while Microhardness in University of Engineering and Technology (UET), Peshawar. Total 042 healthy human premolars and impacted third molars were divided into 3 groups: Group I as control (distilled water), Group II was treated with potassium nitrate containing mouthwash while Group III was treated with EGCG. The samples were placed in artificial saliva for six hours. Afterwards teeth were placed in 10ml of the respective test solutions (For each group) for 4 minutes. Samples were kept in commercial beverage for fifteen min with constant stirring at (20-25 °C) afterwards washed with distilled water and then placed in artificial saliva for an hour. The process of erosion was done in four cycles. Finally, the samples were kept in deionized water. The samples were then subjected to Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and micro-hardness.Averages were taken for statistical analysis.LSD post hoc (ANOVA) test was done for analysis of the groups. Results: There was detectable difference in the dentinal tubule occlusion and hardness between the three groups. EGCG and Potassium nitrate containing mouthwash yielded better results. Conclusion: It was concluded from the present study that EGCG and potassium nitrate demonstrated antierosive effects. Keywords: Dentin hypersensitivity, Dentinal Tubule, Potassium nitrate, EGCG

Effect of Potassium Nitrate and Calcium Chloride priming on germination and seedling growth of Honesty (Lunaria annua L.)

Abstract: Seed priming improves seed performance under environmental conditions. The study was designed to evaluate the effect of different priming treatments on the germination behaviour of Honesty (Lunaria annua L.). The experiment was conducted under a complete randomized design (CRD) with three replications. Seed priming was done with different concentrations of calcium chloride (CaCl2), potassium nitrate (KNO3) and hydro priming. All the treatments except T1 (Control) had a significant effect on seedling establishment and seedling vigour, Results show that maximum invigoration was observed in seeds primed at 1% KNO3 while minimum invigoration was observed in T1 (Control). It was concluded that the germination percentage could be increased by using lower concentrations of KNO3 and CaCl2.

Citrus response to various foliar potassium treatments

Abstract: Abstract This study aimed to investigate the effects of foliar application of different potassium (K) sources on yield and fruit nutrient uptake in 28-year-old Valencia oranges (Citrus sinensis, L.) grafted onto Trifoliata citrange rootstock. In the trial that was conducted with different foliar potassium sources in the region of Köyceğiz (Turkey) in the years 2016, 2017, and 2018 with 5 replications according to the random blocks trial design for this purpose, in addition to the control group where no foliar treatment was applied, the treatment groups received Potassium Nitrate (KNO3, 46% K2O; 300 g/100L/da), Potassium Thiosulfate (25% K2O; 400 ml/100L/da) and Potassium Phosphite (25% K2O; 500 ml/100 L/da) treatments. For all examined parameters and for all 3 years, the highest results were obtained in the potassium phosphite treatment. This may be due to its higher mobility inside the plant compared to other K sources. The effects of all treatments on yield were found significant, where the yield values for 2016, 2017, and 2018 were found as 139, 143, and 140 kg/tree, respectively. This may be explained with the role of K on promoting the fruit reserves. Regarding the effects of potassium phosphite on all fruit nutrient uptake amounts, the effect of the treatment in all 3 years was found significant except for Fe, Cu, and Mn. In conclusion, among the potassium sources, the most effective fertilizer was determined as potassium phosphite.