Showing papers on "Protein sparing published in 2020"

Transcriptional Changes Involved in Atrophying Muscles during Prolonged Fasting in Rats.

Abstract: Food deprivation resulting in muscle atrophy may be detrimental to health. To better understand how muscle mass is regulated during such a nutritional challenge, the current study deciphered muscle responses during phase 2 (P2, protein sparing) and phase 3 (P3, protein mobilization) of prolonged fasting in rats. This was done using transcriptomics analysis and a series of biochemistry measurements. The main findings highlight changes for plasma catabolic and anabolic stimuli, as well as for muscle transcriptome, energy metabolism, and oxidative stress. Changes were generally consistent with the intense use of lipids as fuels during P2. They also reflected increased muscle protein degradation and repressed synthesis, in a more marked manner during P3 than P2 compared to the fed state. Nevertheless, several unexpected changes appeared to be in favor of muscle protein synthesis during fasting, notably at the level of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, transcription and translation processes, and the response to oxidative stress. Such mechanisms might promote protein sparing during P2 and prepare the restoration of the protein compartment during P3 in anticipation of food intake for optimizing the effects of an upcoming refeeding, thereby promoting body maintenance and survival. Future studies should examine relevance of such targets for improving nitrogen balance during catabolic diseases.

Lipid utilization, protein sparing effects and protein requirement of all male Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus, 1758) in underground brackish water

Abstract: Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus as a species with high growth rate and high tolerate to environmental conditions and stocking density, have been culturing in the world more and more. Because of feed expenses necessity and better growth rate and feed conversion efficiency in brackish water, despite of existing many studies on protein requirements, lipid utilization and protein sparing effect of Nile tilapia, they were studied on all males in brackish water, again. A 4 × 3 factorial design with three replicates was planned based on the proximate and amino acids analysis of protein sources to contain four crude protein (15, 22, 29 and 36 %) and three crude lipid (5, 9 and 13%) levels. Growth indices including weight gain and specific growth rate improved by protein accretion and reduced by lipid increasing. The best growth performance was obtained in 5% crude lipid. Feed conversion ratio reduced by protein increasing, and the best one observed in the diet containing 36% crude protein. Protein efficiency ratio and Protein conversion efficiency increased by protein accretion up to 29% crude protein. Protein efficiency, except 15% crude protein, increased up to 9% crude lipid and then reduced but not significantly; so, protein-sparing effect appeared, unclearly. In this study, at 25.6% crude protein with 265 mg protein per gram body weight, fish can keep their carcass protein percentage. In economic point of view, based on growth, feed and protein performances, the levels of 29% crude protein and 5% crude lipid are sufficient for convincing growth rate. The results show that isotonic environment cannot Change protein and lipid requirements compared to the other studies in the fresh water.

Evaluation of protein sparing effect in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus fed with organic selenium supplemented diet

Abstract: The objective of this research was to determine the optimum level of organic selenium supplementation in improving the growth performance of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus fed with diet containing low protein level. Basal diet was formulated to contain 28% protein with three different levels of organic selenium supplementation, namely 0 (control), 3, and 6 mg Se/kg feed. Furthermore, to evaluate selenium function on protein utilization and sparring effect, a diet with 30% of protein content was also used as a comparison. In this regard, this study was conducted using a completely randomized experimental design with four treatments and three replications. Nile tilapia with an average body weight of 8.05 ± 0.25 g were reared in the 100×50×50 cm3 aquarium at a density of 15 fish/aquarium. The experimental fish were reared for 60 days and fed three times daily to apparent satiation levels. Dietary supplementation of organic Se resulted in higher fish biomass, lower feed conversion ratio, higher protein retention and daily growth rate compared to the control diets with 28% and 30% protein levels. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of organic Se at 3 mg organic Se/kg feed could significantly increase protein utilization and improve the growth performance of Nile tilapia. Keywords: tilapia, protein sparing effect, organic selenium, feed ABSTRAK Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menentukan tingkat suplementasi selenium organic pada pakan untuk meningkatkan kinerja pertumbuhan ikan nila Oreochromis niloticus. Pakan basal diformulasikan mengandung 28% protein dengan tiga tingkat selenium organik yaitu 0 (kontrol), 3, dan 6 mg Se/kg pakan. Selanjutnya untuk mengevaluasi penggunaan selenium pada pemanfaatan protein dan efek sparring, pakan dengan 30% protein juga ditambahkan sebagai perlakuan pembanding. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan empat perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Ikan nila dengan bobot rata-rata adalah 8.05 ± 0.25 g dipelihara dalam akuarium 100 × 50 × 50 cm3 dengan kepadatan 15 ikan/akuarium. Ikan dipelihara selama 60 hari dan diberi pakan tiga kali sehari secara at satiation. Pemberian pakan dengan suplementasi Se organic menghasilkan biomassa ikan yang lebih tinggi, rasio konversi pakan yang lebih rendah, retensi protein dan laju pertumbuhan harian yang lebih tinggi daripada perlakuan control dengan kadar protein 28% dan 30%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa suplemtasi pakan ikan nila dengan 3 mg Se organik/kg pakan dapat meningkatkan pemanfaatan protein pakan dan kinerja pertumbuhan ikan Nila. Kata kunci: ikan nila, protein sparing effect, selenium organik, pakan.