Showing papers on "PsycINFO published in 2003"

Peer-assisted learning interventions with elementary school students: A meta-analytic review.

Abstract: A meta-analytic review of group comparison design studies evaluating peer-assisted learning (PAL) interventions with elementary school students produced positive effect sizes (ESs) indicating increases in achievement (unweighted mean ES = 0.59, SD = 0.90; weighted ES, d = 0.33, p < .0001, 95% confidence interval = 0.29-0.37). PAL interventions were most effective with younger, urban, low-income, and minority students. Interventions that used interdependent reward contingencies, ipsative evaluation procedures, and provided students with more autonomy had higher ESs. Adequate descriptive information was missing in many studies. Researchers are encouraged to develop PAL interventions in collaboration with practitioners to maximize those interventions' use and effectiveness and to include more detailed information about students, schools, and intervention components in their reports. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)

Interventions for Violence Against Women: Scientific Review

Abstract: ContextIntimate partner violence is prevalent and is associated with significant impairment, yet it remains unclear which interventions, if any, reduce rates of abuse and reabuse.ObjectiveTo systematically review, from the perspective of primary health care, the available evidence on interventions aimed at preventing abuse or reabuse of women.Data SourcesMEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, HealthStar, and Sociological Abstracts were searched from the database start dates to March 2001 using database-specific key words such as domestic violence, spouse abuse, partner abuse, shelters, and battered women. References of key articles were hand searched. The search was updated in December 2002.Study SelectionBoth authors reviewed all titles and abstracts using established inclusion/exclusion criteria. Twenty-two articles met the inclusion criteria for critical appraisal.Data ExtractionFollowing the evidence-based methods of the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care, both authors independently reviewed the 22 included studies using an established hierarchy of study designs and criteria for rating internal validity. Quality ratings of individual studies—good, fair, or poor—were determined based on a set of operational parameters specific to each design category developed with the US Preventive Services Task Force.Data SynthesisScreening instruments exist that can identify women who are experiencing intimate partner violence. No study has examined, in a comparative design, the effectiveness of screening when the end point is improved outcomes for women (as opposed to identification of abuse). No high-quality evidence exists to evaluate the effectiveness of shelter stays to reduce violence. Among women who have spent at least 1 night in a shelter, there is fair evidence that those who received a specific program of advocacy and counseling services reported a decreased rate of reabuse and an improved quality of life. The benefits of several other intervention strategies in treating both women and men are unclear, primarily because of a lack of suitably designed research measuring appropriate outcomes. In most cases, the potential harms of interventions are not assessed within the studies reviewed.ConclusionsMuch has been learned in recent years about the epidemiology of violence against women, yet information about evidence-based approaches in the primary care setting for preventing intimate partner violence is seriously lacking. The evaluation of interventions to improve the health and well-being of abused women remains a key research priority.

Music therapy for people with dementia.

Abstract: Background Dementia is a clinical syndrome with a number of different causes which is characterised by deterioration in cognitive functions Research is pursuing a variety of promising findings for the treatment of dementia Pharmacological interventions are available but have limited ability to treat many of the syndrome's features Little research has been directed towards non-pharmacological treatments In this review the evidence for music therapy as a treatment is examined Objectives To assess the effects of music therapy in the treatment of behavioural, social, cognitive and emotional problems of older people with dementia, in relation to the type of music therapy intervention Search methods ALOIS, the Specialized Register of the Cochrane Dementia and Cognitive Improvement Group (CDCIG) was searched on 14 April 2010 using the terms: music therapy, music, singing, sing, auditory stimulation Additional searches were also carried out on 14 April 2010 in the major healthcare databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, PSYCinfo, CINAHL and LILACS, trial registers and grey literature sources to ensure the search was as up-to-date and as comprehensive as possible Selection criteria Randomised controlled trials that reported clinically relevant outcomes associated with music therapy in treatment of behavioural, social, cognitive and emotional problems of older people with dementia Data collection and analysis Two reviewers screened the retrieved studies independently for methodological quality Data from accepted studies were independently extracted by the reviewers Main results Ten studies were included The methodological quality of the studies was generally poor and the study results could not be validated or pooled for further analyses Authors' conclusions The methodological quality and the reporting of the included studies were too poor to draw any useful conclusions

Psycho‐spiritual well‐being in patients with advanced cancer: an integrative review of the literature

Abstract: Purpose. An integrative literature review was undertaken to examine the research on psycho-spiritual well-being in terminally ill people, specifically patients with advanced cancer. Method. A comprehensive search of MEDLINE, CINAHL, CancerLit and PsycINFO using relevant keywords produced 43 primary research studies that investigated psycho-spiritual well-being in patients with advanced cancer. Each report was read, critiqued and systematically assessed for purpose statement or research questions, study design, sample size, characteristics of the subjects, measurement of independent and dependent variables, sample attrition, method of data analysis and results. Major themes and findings were identified for each of the studies. Findings. Psycho-spiritual well-being is an area of interest to researchers all over the world. Retrieved studies had been conducted in 14 countries by researchers in a variety of disciplines, including nursing, medicine, psychology and theology. Six major themes repeatedly emerged as essential components of psycho-spiritual well-being: self-awareness, coping and adjusting effectively with stress, relationships and connectedness with others, sense of faith, sense of empowerment and confidence, and living with meaning and hope. Conclusion. Patients with an enhanced sense of psycho-spiritual well-being are able to cope more effectively with the process of terminal illness and find meaning in the experience. Prognostic awareness, family and social support, autonomy, hope and meaning in life all contribute to positive psycho-spiritual well-being. Emotional distress, anxiety, helplessness, hopelessness and fear of death all detract from psycho-spiritual well-being. The research indicated that health professionals can play an important role in enhancing psycho-spiritual well-being, but further research is needed to understand specific interventions that are effective and contribute to positive patient outcomes.

Ethnic differences in dieting, binge eating, and purging behaviors among American females: a review.

Abstract: The research literature related to ethnic differences in dieting, binge eating, and purging behaviors among American females was reviewed. Relevant publications were located by means of computer searches utilizing MedLine and PsycInfo databases. The majority of the dieting studies that have been published thus far indicate that this behavior is more prevalent among White females while most studies of binge eating and purging behaviors indicate that these behaviors are as common among minority females as among White females. Factors that may influence the results of studies focusing on ethnic differences in eating-related behaviors are discussed. Recommendations for improving future research in this area are proposed.

Risk communication strategies: state of the art and effectiveness in the context of cancer genetic services.

Abstract: The objective of this paper is first to describe the different strategies used to communicate risks to patients in the field of cancer or genetics, to review their effectiveness, and to summarise the state of the art of this practice in particular, in cancer genetics. The target audience is health care professionals involved in the communication of cancer risks, and genetic risks of breast/ovarian or colorectal cancer in particular. The methods include a review of the literature (Medline, Pascal, PsycInfo, Embase) by a panel of researchers and clinicians (cancer geneticists, epidemiologists, health psychologists, sociologists) in the context of a European Project on risk communication. We highlight practices that have been shown to be effective in the context of health psychology research and those being still under consideration for use in routine practice. In conclusion, this paper adds clinical relevance to the research evidence. We propose specific steps that could be integrated in standard clinical practice based on current evidence for their usefulness/effectiveness.

Collaboration between Clergy and Mental Health Professionals: A Review of Professional Health Care Journals from 1980 through 1999.

Abstract: Given the frontline role of community clergy in mental health care, this study examined how collaboration with clergy was viewed by mental health and other health professionals outside of the religious community. Searches of health care journals on Medline and PsycINFO yielded 44 articles from non-religious journals from 1980 through 1999 that specifically addressed collaboration between clergy and mental health professionals. Seven themes were identified through content analysis, including the benefits of collaboration to each profession, the need to increase the clergy's knowledge about mental heath, and the importance of referrals. Discussion about interdisciplinary referrals significantly increased over time, ro (1, N = 44) = .31, p < .05).

Self-Regulated Learning: From Self-Management to Self-Definition.

Abstract: Originally published in Contemporary Psychology: APA Review of Books, 2003, Vol 48(1), 16–18. The reviewer notes that this book (see record 2001–06817–000) provides us with a thorough overview and analysis of the emergence of theories of self regulated learning from seven different perspectives: operant, phenomenological, social cognitive, information processing, volitional, Vygotskian, and constructivist. Over the 12 years since the first edition, new light has continually been shed on our understanding of the processes students use to regulate their own behavior. The second edition helps to highlight the evolution of these understandings and, with its focus on recent research findings, serves as an up-to-date resource for serious scholars of self regulated learning. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)

International Gender × Item Difficulty interactions in mathematics and science achievement tests

Abstract: The author used data from the Third International Mathematics and Science Survey to examine whether Gender × Item Difficulty interactions like those in American mathematics exist in mathematics and science in 10 countries. For both mathematics and science, the author detected male advantages that were minimal on easy questions and increased as questions grew more difficult. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)

Internet use for cancer information among racial/ethnic populations and low literacy groups.

Abstract: Many Web sites on the Internet offer health information related to cancer and are increasingly being used by patients, caregivers, and those interested in cancer prevention and treatment. To comprehensively review the cancer literature regarding Internet health information use among those of racial/ethnic populations and low literacy groups, a comprehensive review of the MEDLINE/Pre-MEDLINE, LISA, PsycInfo, CINAHL, Embase, and Web of Science databases was conducted. Eight relevant articles were retrieved: seven are classified as content research and one as outcomes research. Little empirical research exists on this topic of cancer Internet health information use among those of racial/ethnic populations and low literacy groups. This area of research is open for many unique contributions to the scientific literature.

Interventions for improving communication with children and adolescents about a family member's cancer.

Abstract: Background A diagnosis of cancer creates multiple problems for affected families, including major changes in living patterns, roles and relationships. It has not been common practice for families and health practitioners to share information with children or adolescents about a family member's cancer, or to allow them to express their feelings about this. In recent years, however, researchers and practitioners have begun to recognise that children and adolescents might appreciate and benefit by being better informed about, and having more opportunity to communicate their responses to, cancer in the family. Objectives To examine the effects of different ways of enhancing communication with children and/or adolescents about a family member's cancer and its treatment. Search methods We searched the following sources: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), The Cochrane Library, Issue 1 2003; MEDLINE (1966 to January week 2 2003); EMBASE (1985 to 2003 week 6); CINAHL (1982 to February Week 1 2003); ERIC (1966 to 23 January 2003); PsycINFO (1985 to February week 1 2003). For the original (1999, unpublished) version of this review we also searched the following databases: CancerLIT, Health Management Information Consortium, British Nursing Index, IAC Health & Wellness, JICSTE-Plus, Pascal, Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts, Mental Health Abstracts, AMED, HUMN, MANTIS and ASSIA. Bibliographies of identified studies were also checked and contact made with experts in the field. Selection criteria Randomised and non-randomised controlled trials, and controlled and uncontrolled before and after studies that evaluated the effects of interventions to enhance communication with children and/or adolescents about a family member's cancer and its treatment. Data collection and analysis Data on knowledge and understanding, coping, adjustment and wellbeing were extracted by one review author and checked by another review author. We assessed study quality using six criteria. We present a qualitative synthesis of the results. Main results Five studies satisfied the selection criteria: one non-randomised controlled before and after study, and four uncontrolled before and after studies. They differed in terms of the interventions evaluated and the outcomes measured. One study of a camping program and two studies of structured group interventions reported improvements in cancer-related knowledge. One out of two structured group intervention studies found significant reductions in psychological and social problems. The camping program study reported significant improvements in siblings' behaviour. One structured group intervention study reported significantly more positive mood states after the intervention. Another structured group intervention study reported significantly lower levels of anxiety after the intervention. Authors' conclusions Different methods of communicating with children and adolescents about a family member's cancer have not been widely evaluated in controlled trials. There is weak evidence to suggest that some interventions, such as structured group interventions, may lead to improvements in knowledge and understanding, in coping, anxiety, adjustment and wellbeing. More research is needed to investigate the comparative value of these interventions.

Psychotherapeutic interventions for adults with asthma.

Abstract: Background Many people have asthma, and for some their symptoms may be triggered by psychological factors. In addition compliance with medical therapy may have a psychological dimension. Therefore, psychological interventions aim to reduce the burden of symptoms and improve management of the disease. Objectives To assess the effectiveness of psychological interventions for adults with asthma. Search strategy The Cochrane Airways Group specialised register and PsycINFO were searched with pre-defined terms until September 2003. Selection criteria Randomised controlled trials published in any language assessing the effects of a psychological intervention compared with a form of control in adult participants were included in the review. Data collection and analysis Two reviewers assessed the relevance of abstracts identified by electronic searching and retrieved agreed studies for further scrutiny. The studies that met the inclusion criteria were assembled and data extracted. Main results Twelve studies were included in the review, however study quality was poor and sample sizes were frequently small. No meta-analysis could be performed due to the diversity of interventions and the outcomes assessed. Findings between studies were conflicting. This may have been due to the different types of interventions used and the deficiencies in trial design. Reviewer's conclusions This review was unable to draw firm conclusions for the role of psychological interventions in asthma due to the absence of an adequate evidence base. Large, well-conducted and reported randomised trials are required in this area, in order to determine the effects of these techniques in the treatment of asthma in adults.

Can Aspects of Physiotherapist Communication Influence Patients' Pain Experiences? A Systematic Review

Abstract: Aim: Todetermine whether the empirical evidence exists, to support the suggestions that 'aspects of physiotherapist-patient communication can influence the patients' pain experience'. Design: A systematic review. Database searches were conducted using: Medline, Cinahl, PsycINFO, AMED, Cochrane controlled register and Pedro. Articles were screened for inclusion according to criteria determined by the authors. A total of 1125 abstracts were identified as potentially suitable studies from the database searches. A random sample of 225 abstracts were screened by a second researcher and agreement reached. Results: Eight studies met the inclusion criteria for effects of physiotherapist communication on pain experiences. Sample sizes ranged from 5 to 26 participants. With the exception of one study (being set within a hospital), all were performed within a laboratory environment. The methodological quality varied considerably within the studies. The highest scoring study achieved 7 (out of a possible 10)...

Growing up with chronic illness: psychosocial adjustment of children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis.

Abstract: This chapter reviews the published research from 1980 through 2001 on the psychosocial adjustment of children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis. The inclusion criteria were that research was conducted by nurses and researchers from related disciplines that focused on the psychosocial adjustment of children (6 to 12 years) and/or adolescents (13 to 22 years) with cystic fibrosis (CF). Three computerized databases were used for retrieval: Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Medline, and PsycINFO. Of the 74 citations published from 1980 through 2001, only 20 studies met the inclusion criteria, including 7 nursing research studies and 13 studies published by non-nurses in related disciplines. Key findings from this review were that the focus of nursing research was on the social consequences of chronic illness, while the non-nursing research focused on self-concept, self-worth, and psychiatric symptoms of anxiety, worry, and behavior problems. Only two programs of research were identified. Developmental science was used as a guiding framework for the critique of the research. Recommendations for future research include developmentally sensitive longitudinal studies to track developmental change and stability over time, as well as research that captures individual developmental differences.

Editorial: Is the Work as Good as it Could Be?

Abstract: Gives the Editor's view on how the Journal of Educational Psychology has changed over the last few years along with the field of educational psychology. She contends that the quality of educational psychology research improves as the research base grows and as our methods and understandings become more sophisticated and advanced; standards for the Journal evolve along with these improvements. Furthermore, the Editor states that her Associate Editors, editorial board members, and she will continue to strive with their authors to be sure that the work is indeed as good as it can be. First, they are attending to what they find is one of the most striking problems in many studies submitted to the Journal, the lack of adequate subject description. Second, the Editor and her team are also committed to ensuring that research reported in the Journal includes adequate evidence that the measures used are reliable and valid. They are also committed to communicating to the field their strong interest in publishing research of the highest quality across multiple methods, including qualitative, quantitative, and single-subject designs. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)

Searching the medical literature.

Abstract: Practice makes perfect Searching the medical literature for information can be quite confusing without a basic understanding of how the literature is organized or indexed, and without guidance about how the most popular search systems work. In this commentary, I will use Medline to illustrate some basic principles that are widely applicable, but the sad fact is that each database follows different rules—especially in subject searching. What is an indexed bibliographic database? This is a question authors may want to answer because journal articles are only useful to other researchers if they can be retrieved with relative ease. A bibliographic database is a structured collection of descriptive information used to identify publications, such as journal articles. This descriptive information is organized, or indexed, into searchable fields (such as author, title, source, or subject). In light of the heterogeneity in the arena of injury prevention, researchers may need to become familiar with several of these databases—for example, CINAHL, ERIC, PsycInfo, or PAIS International. Most health oriented investigators will certainly need to know how to navigate the popular medical giants—Medline, Current Contents, and Embase. When Medline, the online database counterpart of Index Medicus 1 (produced by the National Library of Medicine in the USA), began indexing the contents of Injury Prevention , this meant that a reference to every paper published in this journal could be found in the database. The most popular sections of an article that Medline indexes are the author’s name, the title of the article, the source, the subject of the article, and text words from a combination of fields (often including the abstract, but not the full text). Expert indexers read each such paper to identify key search terms. Two other important indexes covering the biomedical literature are Current Contents (a product of ISI, a Thomson Company) …

Citation searching: a new feature in PsycINFO.

Abstract: This paper reports the usefulness of a new reference citation feature of the database PsycINFO. Limitations were noted.

Keeping an open mind: Investigating options for treatment of the pre-psychotic phase

Abstract: Comments on R. P. Bentall and A. P. Morrison's article (see record 2002-04080-001) which presented a moral framework and discussed the dreadfulness of psychosis, accuracy of prediction, the adverse effects of neuroleptics, and the case for non-pharmacological interventions. The current authors reply to Bentall and Morrison's concerns that prescribing antipsychotic medication to those at Ultra High Risk of psychosis is unethical on 4 grounds. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2003 APA, all rights reserved).

Training for Emotional Intelligence: The Theory in Practice

Abstract: Originally published in Contemporary Psychology: APA Review of Books, 2003, Vol 48(1), 110–112. The reviewer notes that this book (see record 2001–18488–000) is directed primarily to the elementary or middle school teacher who hopes to incorporate emotional intelligence (EI) skills into her or his curricula. It is also intended for those who may not yet be convinced of the importance of teaching such skills. The reviewer concludes that this book is a useful practical tool that raises a myriad of issues for those interested in exploring the relationship between EI, empathy, prosocial behavior, and development. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)

Australia's leading social work authors

Abstract: A list of the 215 full-time academic staff employed within Australian university social work departments was compiled from university websites and the Department of Education Training and Youth Affairs (DETYA) approved publications generated by these staff over the period 1998–2000 were searched using three major databases: AUSTROM, PsycINFO and Sociological Abstracts. From these sources, a list of Australia's most published authors was created. Next, a citation analysis using Social Sciences Citation Index was conducted on all Australian authors who had published a DETYA approved publication during the target period. The results of this study should help to identify the influential social work scholars in Australia.

NGOs in mental health: Meeting the need?

Abstract: (from the chapter) Notes that mental illness is a generic term which includes a wide range of health problems. The large body of epidemiological research evidence demonstrates that mental disorders are among the most common and most disabling health problems in the community. The understanding of mental health is now based on a much broader perspective than that of the narrow, biomedical approach favored by clinical psychiatry. This book started out as a means to focus on NGO action in the field of mental health, with the explicit objectives of documenting their innovative achievements and examining the issues determining their success and viability. In this concluding chapter, the authors' attempt is to provide an overview of the rest of the chapters, with specific focus on generating a consensus on the role, contributions and future strategies/plans of NGOs working in mental health and allied fields. The authors examine the strengths and weaknesses of the NGO framework for meeting the mental health needs of the community. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2003 APA, all rights reserved)

Computer-aided learning programmes in teaching dental students

Abstract: Data sources Sources were MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, Embase, ERIC (Educational Resources Information Centre), CINHAL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health), LISA (Library and Information Science Abstracts), Psycinfo (Psychological Information) and IPA (International Pharmaceutical Abstracts). Study selection Randomised controlled trials (RCT) that compared computer-aided learning (CAL) programmes with any other method of instruction were considered. Only studies within dentistry were included. The quality of studies was assessed using a checklist. Data extraction and synthesis Both qualitative and quantitative outcomes from studies were recorded, and qualitative synthesis of the results was undertaken because of the diverse nature of the outcomes. Results Twelve studies were identified (five in endodontics, three in orthodontics and one each in oral anatomy, restorative, geriatric and prosthetic dentistry). Conclusions For the most part, CAL is either more effective than or equally effective as other methods of education.

Geropsychology and psychology in the last quarter of the 20th century: Bibliometrical results for the German-speaking versus Anglo-American research community

Abstract: This paper presents bibliometrical results on the development of gerontopsychology in the last quarter of the 20th century. Analyses are based on the psychology literature documented in PsycINFO, covering mainly publications from the Anglo-American region, and PSYNDEX, covering publications from the German-speaking countries, for the years 1977 to 2000. Results show that both literature bodies on gerontopsychology have steadily grown, in absolute terms, since the beginning of the last quarter of the 20th century. The geropsychology literature in the German-speaking countries has grown faster than the Anglo-American literature. In terms of a relative frequency view, the findings support the notion that geropsychology has found a clear and stable position within psychology as a whole in both research communities, contributing 1-3% to the overall psychology literature and 8-15% (PsycINFO) respectively 30-50% (PSYNDEX) to the overall developmental psychology literature since 1978.

The Health and Wellness Resource Center: a database for psychology?

Abstract: Researchers in the field of psychology usually rely on PsycINFO as the sole bibliographic tool and tend to neglect other online resources. Such a mindset restricts the output of available reference citations during a literature review. The authors report on the usefulness of an adjutant database for social and behavioral scientists.