Showing papers on "Rapeseed published in 1973"

Amino Acid Composition of Oilseed Meals and Protein Isolates

Abstract: Amino acid analyses of oilseed meals indicated that varietal differences in amino acid composition were much greater in soybean, turnip rapeseed, rapeseed and sunflower than in safflower and flax. In general, soybean and rapeseed proteins contained high proportions of essential amino acids required for human nutrition such as leucine, lysine and threonine while flax, sunflower and safflower proteins contained more of the nonessential arginine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid. Rapeseed proteins were also rich in methionine + cystine and proline while soybean had a higher level of phenylalanine. Because of serious deficiencies in lysine, the oilseed meals and protein isolates of flax, sunflower and safflower rated poorly in essential amino acid indices and protein scores. Higher ratings were obtained for soybean and rapeseed meals and isolates but soybean was deficient in sulfur-containing amino acids while the rapeseed species were low in isoleucine. Since the latter amino acid is rarely deficient in mixed diets, the rapeseed products appeared to have the best protein for the supplementation of human diets. The nitrogen-to-protein conversion factors were calculated from the amino acid compositions of the oilseed meals and protein isolates. The values for the present oilseed proteins varied between 5.33 and 5.74, indicating that the standard factor of 6.25 caused a substantial overestimation in crude protein content. A common factor of 5.50 is proposed for oilseed meals and, based on literature values, for all seed proteins.

Maternal effects on the oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acid content of rapeseed oil

Abstract: The oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acid content of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) oil was investigated in self- and cross-pollinated seed on parental lines and reciprocal F1 populations. The seed was derived from three strains of rapeseed that produce seed oil practically free of eicosenoic and erucic acids. A definite maternal genotype effect on the oleic and linoleic acid content of the cross-pollinated embryo was evident in two of three combinations. Embryo control for the quantities of these two fatty acids was indicated for the third combination. Both embryo and maternal genotype control of linolenic acid content was indicated. There were no cytoplasmic effects evident in the reciprocal F1 populations for any fatty acid in all three combinations.

Comparison of chemical and agronomic characteristics of twoBrassica napus L. cultivars, bronowski and target

Abstract: TheBrassica napus cultivar, Bronowski, has a low glucosinolate content in the seed and thus has considerable potential as a parent stock for the production of low glucosinolate rapeseed. It also differs from otherB. napus cultivars in fatty acid composition, but the meal amino acid analysis is similar to that of the standard cultivar, Target. The physical and chemical properties of the Bronowski seed storage proteins are similar to those from Target. While the results permit no definite conclusions about the origin of Bronowski, they show that a cross between it and Target does not change greatly the amino acid composition of meal or the protein composition in the progeny. Crosses between Bronowski and otherB. napus cultivars have produced progeny with a glucosinolate content lower than Target and an improved agronomic performance.

Nutritional Evaluation of Oilseed Meals and Protein Isolates by Mice

Abstract: Diets containing meals and protein isolates of soybean, turnip rapeseed, rapeseed, flax, sunflower and safflower at the 10% protein level were fed to weanling male mice. The soybean meal diet was equivalent to the casein control in feed consumption, weight gains, energy and protein utilization but the nutritive value of soybean isolate may have been adversely affected by trypsin inhibitors. Mouse growth was depressed on the two rapeseed meal diets but the glucosinolate-free rapeseed isolate was superior to the other protein sources in promoting animal gains and the efficient utilization of dietary energy and protein. Varying degrees of lysine deficiency had adverse effects on the nutritive value of flax, sunflower and safflower meals and isolates. The PER values for most oilseed proteins were equal to or greater than casein when the protein contents were estimated by the nitrogen-to-protein factor of 5.5 instead of the common factor of 6.25. Due to the influence of proximate constituents, antinutritive and palatability factors, the correlation coefficients between amino acid indices and animal performance were not high. However, protein scores gave good prediction of apparent BV. The close association of feed intake, weight gains and PER with the corresponding values for energy intake, energy gains and BV indicated that the latter determinations may not be necessary for the evaluation of oilseed protein quality.

Metabolisable energy value and composition of rapeseed meal and of fractions derived therefrom by air‐classification 1

Abstract: Synopsis It is possible to separate rapeseed meal into two fractions, one of lower hull and higher protein content, the other of higher hull and lower protein content than whole rapeseed meal. The low‐hull fraction was found to contain about 25% more, and the high‐hull fraction about 25% less, metabolisable energy than the whole rapeseed meal. Soluble tannins, oxazolidinethione, isothiocyanates and phosphorus were found to be concentrated in the endosperm rather than the pericarp of the seed while with calcium the reverse occurred. No consistent changes in amino acid distribution resulting from the air‐classification of whole rapeseed meal into low‐hull and high‐hull fractions were observed.

Utilization of rapeseed oils of high and low erucic acid content.

Abstract: Two experiments with chicks were conducted in which the utilizations of regular rapeseed oil of Canadian type and rapeseed oils prepared from the Oro (Canbra oil) and Span (Span oil) varieties of rape

Influence of genetically determined differences in glucosinolate content on the nutritional value of rapeseed meal.

Abstract: Rapeseed meals derived from heat-treated seed samples representing a large variation in glucosinolate content, which was principally due to genetic differences, were fed to mice as the only protein source. A glucosinolate content corresponding to a level of more than 1 mg potential isothiocyanates and oxazolidinethiones per g of diet depressed the 11-day growth of mice as well as feed consumption and protein efficiency ratios.

Influence of rapeseed products on egg quality and laying hen performance

Abstract: Diets containing 20% rapeseed meal, 20% full-fat rapeseed, and 3 or 10% rape-seed oil were fed to White Leghorn hens to study their effects on egg quality and hen performance. The 10% rapeseed oil group and the 20% rapeseed group resulted in egg production that was significantly below that of the control corn–soya diet. Feed consumption was reduced with the 20% rapeseed and 20% rapeseed meal diet as well as with the high oil diet. Egg size was reduced by 20% full-fat rapeseed and 10% rapeseed oil. Shell deformation was significantly reduced with 20% dietary rapeseed meal or 20% full-fat rapeseed. Shell thickness, on the other hand, was improved by 3% rapeseed oil but adversely affected by 10% rapeseed oil. Haugh units were improved by 20% full-fat rapeseed or 3% rapeseed oil. A taste panel consistently gave eggs from the 10% oil group a lower score than any of the other treatment groups, but no distinct flavor or odor could be detected. Fat composition values indicated that something in rapeseed, other th...

Comparative value of soybean, rapeseed, and formaldehyde. treated rapeseed meals in urea.containing calf rations

Abstract: Twenty-four Holstein calves were fed three experimental rations containing either 14% soybean meal, 20% rapeseed meal, or 20% formaldehyde-treated (0.7 g formaldehyde/100 g protein) rapeseed meal from 8 to 22 wk of age. No significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed in feed consumption, dry matter intake, liveweight gain, and feed conversion among the three groups. There was a significant (P 0.05) among treatments. There were no significant differences in the digestibilities of dry matter, nitrogen, acid detergent fiber, and gross energy among treatments, although treating the rapeseed meal with formaldehyde tended to reduce dry matter, nitrogen, fiber, and energy digestibility.

Influence of genetics, environment and admixtures on low erucic acid rapeseed in Canada.

Abstract: Single plant isolates in theBrassica napus andBrassica campestris species of rapeseed yielded glyceride oil containing small amounts of erucic acid. Agronomically suitable varieties were grown commercially in 1971 as the first phase in a changeover of Canadian rapeseed production from varieties with erucic contents of 20–45% to low erucic acid varieties. A program to monitor the erucic content by gas chromatographic analysis in the stages of production, handling and transportation from seed to export shipment was undertaken to evaluate the effects of genetics, environment and admixture. The individual increase in erucic content ranged from 0.5 to 1.0, resulting in total increases of 1–2%.

Amino acid composition of cereal and oilseed.

Abstract: Quantitative amino acid composition of acid hydrolysates was determined for samples of some Polish varieties of cereal grain (wheat, rye, barley, oats, millet and buckwheat) and oilseed (rapeseed, sunflower, poppy and soybean). Comparison of investigated genera was done.

Place of rapeseed in the edible oil market.

Abstract: The potential for rapeseed oil in the world edible oil market is evident in the statistics of net exports of the principal vegetable oilseeds from primary producing countries. The last complete year for which figures are available is 1970, and in that year soybeans accounted for some 52% and rapeseed only 7.5% in oil equivalent. Since soybeans have only ca. 50% of the oil content of rapeseed, they are bought mainly for their yield of high protein meal. Conversely, rapeseed is bought for its oil content and produces a meal that is not only lower in protein but up to this time has been less acceptable as an ingredient in animal feed formulations. Fortunately for rapeseed, these problems are being tackled diligently and should be overcome in the near future. When this point has been reached, rapeseed will be a much stronger competitor in world markets for protein meal. The trend in the use of rapeseed oil in the Canadian domestic market is an indicator of the potential in world markets. It is displacing other edible oils that have dominated the Canadian market in the past. In the 1971 calendar year, 35.6% or 160.5 million pounds, i.e., 73,000 metric tons, of vegetable oil used in the manufacture of margarine, shortening and salad oils was rapeseed oil. Rapeseed oil is competing keenly with soybean oil in the Canadian market and in the future should be able to greatly enlarge its share of world trade.

Der gegenwärtige Stand der Züchtung von Erucasäure-, Linolensäure- und Glucosinolat-Armen Rapssorten

Abstract: By repeated backcrossing the characteristics for the absence of erucic acid in the oil as well as for a low content of glucosinolates in the meal were introduced into German varieties of winter rapeseed. The desirable genetic progress in respect to the ratio of the polyenoic fatty acids in rapeseed oil appears to be physiologically limited. Sensitive methods for the quantitative determination as well as simple and quick prescreening techniques have been developed for the use in breeding for all these traits.