Showing papers on "Rivalry published in 2023"
TL;DR: A systematic approach to review the literature from reliable databases and prominent journals between 2000-2020 in topics associated with relationship management in construction projects is presented in this article . But, few studies structurally reviewed the precipitated progression in this topic.
Abstract: Abstract Rivalry competitiveness, significant capital investments, and cultural diversity are defining the construction industry’s evolving nature. Therefore, construction organizations have to manage their construction projects’ relationships carefully. Construction management researchers have progressively recognized the intelligible link between Relationship Management and construction project performance. However, few studies structurally reviewed the precipitated progression in this topic. This paper follows a systematic approach to review the literature from reliable databases and prominent journals between 2000–2020 in topics associated with Relationship Management in construction projects. This investigation sets to identify the key characteristics, categorial dimensions, attributes, or enablers of relationship management in construction. More than 500 articles were explored in this systematic review by thorough keyword research, out of which 73 articles were found relevant to this topic where an explicit content analysis was carried out. The findings identified 18 key Relationship Management characteristics classified into four categories: Contract-related, Management-related, Team-related, and General characteristics. Project Managers are recommended to pay specific attention on investigated characteristics to strengthen relationships, promote collaboration, and thereby foster project performance.
4 citations
TL;DR: This article found that beyond an IQ of approximately 115 to 120, the association between narcissistic admiration and rivalry is greatly diminished, suggesting that higher levels of objective intelligence (through greater life achievements) may mitigate the development of narcissistic rivalry in grandiose narcissists.
3 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the authors propose definitions of competitive advantage and sustained competitive advantage from a marketplace perspective, based on resource advantage theory, resource-based theory, and theory of multimarket competition.
Abstract: Resource-based theory explores heterogeneity in performance across firms through the lens of valuable, rare, and imperfectly imitable resource advantages, and the organization for exploiting their potential. Resource-advantage theory of competition explores heterogeneity in performance through the lens of a firm's comparative advantage in resources and competitive advantage in the marketplace. Multimarket competition refers to competitive situations where the same firms compete against each other in multiple markets. The theory of multimarket competition posits that as the degree of multimarket contact between firms increases, the market-level intensity of competition between them will decrease, due to mutual forbearance. Building on resource-advantage theory, resource-based theory, and theory of multimarket competition, this article provides insights into whether multimarket rivalry restraints refrain firms from leveraging the full potential of their resource advantages or their resource advantages prevail over multimarket rivalry restraints. The article proposes definitions of competitive advantage and sustained competitive advantage from a marketplace perspective.
3 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the authors examine how hierarchy reaches into decision-making systems, arguing that it is a source of homophily that biases idea evaluation decisions, and they show that employees evaluate hierarchically similar others' ideas overly favorably, leading to favoritism among hierarchical peers.
Abstract: Research Summary Companies are increasingly opening up decision-making, involving employees on all levels in distributed—and purportedly “hierarchy-free”—decision processes. We examine how hierarchy reaches into such “democratized” systems, arguing that it is a source of homophily that biases idea evaluation decisions. Using a data set from internal crowdfunding at one of the world's largest industrial manufacturers, we show that idea evaluators overvalue hierarchically similar others' ideas. Competition in the form of lateral closeness dampens this bias, whereas uncertainty in the form of novelty amplifies this bias. We contribute to the literatures on decision biases in centralized versus distributed innovation and on structural similarity as a driver of employee behaviors. Managerial Summary Many companies are starting to involve employees on all levels in strategic decisions, so as to curb hierarchical rigidities and integrate multiple perspectives. However, such distributed decision-making opens the door to new biases and, ultimately, suboptimal strategic decisions. In the context of internal crowdfunding at a large industrial manufacturer, we show that employees evaluate hierarchically similar others' ideas overly favorably. Thus, hierarchy is not just a source of rivalry, but also of identification, leading to favoritism among hierarchical peers. Further, employees are particularly likely to assess ideas based on hierarchical similarity rather than content if the ideas are novel and therefore hard to evaluate. We provide suggestions for the design of distributed decision-making systems.
3 citations
TL;DR: A combination of Gause's Principle of Competitive Exclusion and Yang's Tolerance Principle, both devised for other reasons and both formalized mathematically, provides an explanatory basis for both blocking and elsewhere distribution as discussed by the authors .
Abstract: Blocking and elsewhere distribution have been at the forefront of morphological theory for half a century. Each involves the preemption of one word by another. Neither is fundamental. A combination of Gause’s Principle of Competitive Exclusion and Yang’s Tolerance Principle, both devised for other reasons and both formalized mathematically, provides an explanatory basis for both blocking and elsewhere distribution.
2 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the authors develop the notion of state platform capitalism (SPC) as an emergent logic of competition for both states and firms, and examine three axes within which this competition unfolds internationally: currencies, standards and cybersecurity.
Abstract: The rise of digital platforms as a new form of business organisation concentrates power in the United States and China. Platform capitalism further intersects with and reinforces pre-existing trends towards state capitalism, where states more actively direct economies in response to economic turbulence and heightened geopolitical tension. The concentration of global business power within two states, combined with the increasing capacity for these states to leverage and direct platform activities for their own geopolitical–economic ends, has catalyzed the rise of ‘state platform capitalism’ (SPC). This paper develops the notion of SPC as an emergent logic of competition for both states and firms – in particular, the ways in which Beijing and Washington instrumentalise and mobilise domestic platform firms in pursuit of geopolitical–economic objectives, while platforms become increasingly interdependent with their home state institutions. Competition in the global political economy is increasingly centred on the recruitment of users and nations to these rival state-platform nexuses (national ‘stacks’) as a means of establishing and exercising extraterritorial economic and political power. Empirically, we identify variations between American and Chinese modes of practicing state platform capitalism, and we examine three axes within which this competition unfolds internationally: currencies, standards and cybersecurity.
2 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , an effort has been made to examine the structural, bilateral, and regional issues that have led Russia to engage in a risky war between the two countries, which led to thousands of people dead and injured.
Abstract: The security-insecurity paradox in a geopolitical struggle between Russia and its ex-territory; Ukraine along with the politics of the influences between great powers has made the Russian invasion a reality. Russian intervention in its periphery in February 2022 has sent shockwaves to the European Union and NATO members, and posed various challenges to the Eurasian states. The conflict between Russia and Ukraine is a protracted one, but this new phase is more complex and multi-layered. Russia’s annexation of Crimea and Sevastopol in 2014, and support to the militant separatists in Donbas, undermined Ukrainian sovereignty. A series of border skirmishes occurred during 2014-2021, which led to thousands of people dead and injured.[1] The tension converted into a humanitarian crisis with millions of refugees and collateral damages after the 2022 war. This recent situation can be termed as a geopolitical warfare, which is based on the politics of security to assert political advantages in the desired geopolitical sphere of influence.
In this paper, an effort has been made to examine the structural, bilateral, and regional issues that have led Russia to engage in a risky war. It hypothesise that this war cannot be recognized only as a bilateral war between Russia and Ukraine based on the old issues, rather it is the result of new developments in the shape of Ukraine’s pursuit for a new identity and affinity with West, its bid for NATO membership and as a client of US and EU against Russia in the great power rivalry. The theoretical lens of Neo-Realism and the security dilemma best explains the causes of the war between the two. Finally, this study also endeavours to trace some important implications for the Eurasian Region.
[1] Conflict-Related Civilian Casualties in Ukraine. United Nations Human Rights Monitoring Mission in Ukraine, 2022.
2 citations
TL;DR: In this article , a rethinking of queer studies through today's international relations and geopolitical complications in a sociological political economy is presented, and an expanded queer mobility theory with two brief case studies (mini-critiques) of the current socioeconomic conditions facing marginalized people under Covid-19 and the changing geopolitical landscape.
Abstract: This paper considers queer studies in the global geopolitical hotspot of Asia, as well as how we can reimagine queer theories through both the Covid-19 pandemic and the intensified regional and global superpower competition and geopolitical tensions. It argues for a rethinking of queer studies through today's international relations and geopolitical complications in a sociological political economy. The aim is to connect critical studies with analyses of economic and social class structures, an approach that has been substantiated by the current crises, and to present an expanded queer mobility theory with two brief case studies (mini-critiques) of the current socioeconomic conditions facing marginalized people under Covid-19 and the changing geopolitical landscape. In so doing, this paper actively explores what queer studies can do and can be through the current historical turning point of the pandemic and geopolitical rivalry toward potential post-Covid socioeconomic revival and recovery.
2 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the authors focus on fragility research findings and examine what works or does not work in development aid and development cooperation in fragile and conflict-affected contexts, drawing on their own research findings as well as country-level studies.
Abstract: The objective of this paper is to focus on fragility research findings and examine what works or does not work in development aid and development cooperation in fragile and conflict-affected contexts. We draw on our own research findings as well as country-level studies. We examine questions of aid effectiveness in the context of supporting good governance in fragile states in the first part of the paper. We then consider the impact of COVID-19 and implications for aid effectiveness in fragile states in the second part. In the third and final section we briefly consider how the war in Ukraine is impacting fragile states and the long-term prospects for aid effectiveness in an era of geopolitical rivalry and great power competition.
1 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the authors analyzed the strategic importance of the South China Sea in the policy of the US and China, the competition between the U.S. and China in Southeast Asia in general, and the SINR in particular, and analyzed the main issues of the study.
Abstract: Southeast Asia is one of the places where fierce rivalry is taking place between the two leading powers in the world today - the US and China. The US-China rivalry in this region takes place in key fields, from politics - diplomacy, economy, security - defense to “soft power”, the most prominent of which is the South China Sea issue. This article analyzes the strategic importance of the South China Sea in the policy of the US and China, the competition between the US and China in Southeast Asia in general, and the South China Sea in particular. To achieve this goal, the authors use research methods in international relations to analyze the main issues of the study. In addition to reviewing previous scholarly research and reviews, the authors use a comparative approach to assess the interactions between theory and data. The authors believe the data is important for accurately assessing the strategic competition between the US and China in Southeast Asia and the South China Sea. The rise of China in the early years of the XXI century strongly influenced the adjustment of the US policy in Southeast Asia and the powerful US-China rivalry in this region and the South China Sea. This rivalry is becoming increasingly complicated, and geopolitical conflicts between major powers are possible in the following years.
1 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , a measurement approach using the six-item version of the Narcissistic Grandiosity Scale (NGS Rosenthal et al. 2007) and six additional newly formulated adjectives allows assessing state admiration and rivalry.
Abstract: Although interest in within-person variability in grandiose narcissism is growing, measurement tools are lacking that allow studying fluctuations in this personality characteristic in a differentiated manner (i.e., distinguishing narcissistic admiration and rivalry). This study explores whether a measurement approach using the six-item version of the Narcissistic Grandiosity Scale (NGS Rosenthal et al. (2007)) and six additional newly formulated adjectives allows assessing state admiration and rivalry. Structural characteristics and convergent validity of this approach were examined in an experience sampling study in which 114 adults participated, providing state assessments twice a day (total number of observations = 1306). Multilevel bifactor analyses revealed three factors (i.e., one general and two specific factors) at both within- and between-person levels. Further, admiration and rivalry showed a pattern of within-person associations with fluctuations in self-esteem and Big Five states that were consistent with theoretical expectations. Finally, average state admiration and average state rivalry correlated substantively with trait measures of these respective constructs assessed one week prior to the experience sampling design.
TL;DR: In this article , a triangular explanation of the recent surge in China-Indian border escalations is provided, and the linkages between different factors and subfactors and their reinforcing interplay are explained.
Abstract: This article provides a triangular explanation of the recent surge in China-Indian border escalations. It argues that although escalations stemmed from the disputed borders (the first factor), two additional factors, the policies of new nationalist leaders Xi and Modi and the impact of international politics with the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (Quad) as a case study, also triggered them. In the preceding decades, these three factors were not operational simultaneously. A grand push of events connected them in a way that developments on one side affected the other two. The article explained the linkages between different factors and subfactors and their reinforcing interplay. The ill-defined boundary provided a foundation for the conflict. The assertive policies of Xi and Modi provoked the rivalry in five ways: competition for influence, status, militarisation, changes in the line of actual control (LAC), and invocation of the Quad. The article then elaborated India’s unrivalled strategic advantages in balancing China and how the ‘China factor’ strengthened India’s ties with the US, Japan and Australia bilaterally and under the Quad. The contemporary Sino-Indian rivalry has expanded beyond disputed borders. Domestic and international politics have started influencing it, making it Asia’s foremost geopolitical challenge.
TL;DR: In this paper , the effect of narcissism on SMP behaviors of self-disclosure and social comparison was investigated through structural equation modeling, and the results showed that FoMO is stimulated by time cost and anxiety.
Abstract: The pervasiveness of social media platforms (SMP) has resulted in users experiencing feelings associated with the phenomena of fear of missing out (FoMO) and social media fatigue. However, little is known about how these phenomena relate to and influence the psychological state of SMP users. This is a significant gap as recent literature has emphasized the importance of examining the correlates of both these phenomena. The current study addresses this gap by examining the stimuli of FoMO and its influence on users’ experienced fatigue through a novel pathway that investigates the effect of narcissism (admiration and rivalry) on SMP behaviors of self-disclosure and social comparison. We collected data through a cross-sectional survey on Prolific Academic from 305 adult SMP users in the United States that were analyzed through structural equation modeling. The results show that FoMO is stimulated by time cost and anxiety. FoMO also positively influences users’ adoption of narcissistic admiration and rivalry processes, which influence SMP behaviors differently. Interestingly, we found that only social comparison positively influenced fatigue. The findings raise significant implications for theory and practice, particularly for managing negative emotional states while using SMPs and promoting a tempered use of these platforms.
20 Apr 2023
TL;DR: Garcia et al. as mentioned in this paper reviewed the key takeaways from their general frameworks of social comparison and competition, and demonstrated the insights offered by recognizing how those more specific models in this area fit into their general framework, and illustrates the continued utility of these general frameworks for the study of emerging phenomena, such as social networks or sustainability, from the perspective of competition.
Abstract: Abstract Scholarship in psychology and related fields has been paying increasing attention in recent decades to the ways in which social comparison processes facilitate competitive attitudes, feelings, and behavior. As part of this development, we first advanced the Social Comparison Model of Competition (Garcia et al., 2013) —a general framework that accounted for the role of both individual and situational factors in this area—and later followed it with the more comprehensive, dynamic Social Comparison Cycle of Competition (Garcia, Reese, et al., 2020). At the same time, researchers have also proposed a number of more focused models to account for specific competitive relationships (e.g., rivalry), contexts (e.g., coaction), and more. In light of these important developments, this chapter briefly reviews the key takeaways from our general frameworks of social comparison and competition, demonstrates the insights offered by recognizing how those more specific models in this area fit into their general frameworks, and illustrates the continued utility of these general frameworks for the study of emerging phenomena, such as social networks or sustainability, from the perspective of social comparison and competition.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors examine India's role in the U.S. Indo-Pacific Strategy (IPS) and the consequences of its policy of strategic autonomy on the smaller South Asian states, and conclude with the idea that even though India is unquestionably at the centre of any meaningful Indo Pacific concept, it is not wise to assume that it will choose to intensify its security rivalry with China or become overly dependent on the United States.
Abstract: This paper examines India's role in the U.S. Indo-Pacific Strategy (IPS). The first section discusses China's rise and the threat perceptions that led the U.S. to adopt the IPS. The main objectives of the IPS are discussed, along with the growing partnership between the U.S. and India, studying the strategic shift from Asia-Pacific to Indo-Pacific. India-China rivalry in South Asia is then discussed, followed by US-India differences and India-China convergence. The systemic reality of India, as well as the consequences of its policy of strategic autonomy on the smaller South Asian states, is also examined. The paper thereafter concludes with the idea that even though India is unquestionably at the centre of any meaningful Indo-Pacific concept, it is not wise to assume that it will choose to intensify its security rivalry with China or become overly dependent on the United States. As the U.S. hopes to play a more meaningful role in establishing and maintaining an Indo-Pacific order, it remains to be determined as to how it will deal with Delhi. Further research into the developing Asian system and its systemic effects on small power behaviour in the Indo-Pacific region would be beneficial.
TL;DR: In this article , a global examination of the effect of external threats in the form of interstate disputes and rivalries on state support for arms control is carried out, which is facilitated by a novel measure of arms control support that combines United Nations General Assembly voting data with manual coding of 1,178 resolutions.
Abstract: The successful closure of arms control negotiations today is conditional on the commitment of many more states than during the Cold War. The question of what determines states’ positions on arms control has therefore become increasingly relevant. Multiple scholars have identified external security threats by other states as the key explanatory factor of opposition to arms control, but empirical evidence hereof is so far limited to a small set of cases. Against this backdrop, this article carries out a global examination of the effect of external threats in the form of interstate disputes and rivalries on state support for arms control. This analysis is facilitated by a novel measure of arms control support that combines United Nations General Assembly voting data with manual coding of 1,178 resolutions. Across a variety of model specifications, the results do not show any significant effect of external threats on support for arms control. This article argues that this means either that the two variables are not related at all, or that two opposing mechanisms cancel out each other: arms control not only entails costs, but also benefits for states that face external threats, as it limits both states involved in a rivalry or dispute. Either way, this study challenges the notion that there is a strictly negative relationship between external threats and arms control support and thus contributes to our understanding of arms control and foreign policy making in general.
TL;DR: In this paper , the dark triad of personality traits (Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy) was found to negatively affect internal performance indicators and partially mediates the effect of dark triads on internal performance.
Abstract: There is growing evidence that CEOs who have the ‘dark triad’ of personality traits (Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy) detrimentally influence firm performance. However, there is still much we do not know. The present study suggests that the CEO dark triad might directly influence typical performance indicators in different ways: positively affecting external performance indicators (breakthrough sales), but negatively affecting internal performance indicators (organizational performance). We argue that the CEO dark triad can be interpreted differently by those external to the firm versus internally, where managers are much closer to the CEO’s dark personality. Our model includes managerial capital as a mediator and competitive rivalry as a moderator, and ultimately tests a moderated mediation model. Using data from 840 New Zealand firms, we find that the dark triad links to outcomes, as expected. While the CEO dark triad is negatively related to managerial capital, managerial capital does positively predict both performance indicators, and partially mediates the CEO dark triad effect. Overall, moderating effects highlight that the CEO dark triad is less detrimental in fiercely competitive business environments, acting as a consistent boundary condition across models. As competitive rivalry increases, the indirect effect of the CEO dark triad on performance decreases. We discuss the implications for understanding the role that the CEO dark triad can play in firms.
TL;DR: The authors propose to use methods from distributional semantics to explore the usefulness of both views of rivalry in word formation and show that distributional differences between average difference vectors capture semantic similarity across derivational processes in a manner comparable to the expectations of expert morphologists.
Abstract: We contrast two views of rivalry in word formation. Under the classical, categorical view, two processes are rivals if they are semantically equivalent. Under the more nuanced, gradient view, two processes can be rivals at different degrees, depending on how frequently they are amenable to be deployed as alternatives to one another. We propose to use methods from distributional semantics to explore the usefulness of both views. Building on data from French, we first show that distributional differences between average difference vectors capture semantic similarity across derivational processes in a manner comparable to the expectations of expert morphologists. We then propose an operational implementation of the classical view of rivalry based on computational classifiers: processes are rivals if and only if a classifier is unable to discriminate between them. Experimentation with French data shows that this operationalization correctly captures the broad brushes of rivalry, but also reveals finer, gradient aspects of competition in the spirit of gradient rivalry.
TL;DR: The authors argue that the overwhelming pressure to publish at all costs can commodify knowledge production and foster a toxic, competitive environment based on peer rivalry rather than collaboration for the sake of advancing knowledge.
Abstract: Across the academy, there is growing concern over diversity within academic institutions. According to recent research published in three top political science journals, members of historically marginalized groups remain underrepresented and marginalized in submissions, publications, and even reviewer pools (Ayoub 2022; Bell et al. 2020; Reinhardt, Windsor, and King 2022). Expectations that scholars, especially early career researchers (ECRs), “publish or perish” thus exacerbate intersectional inequalities within the discipline (Briscoe-Palmer and Mattocks 2021; McKenzie 2017; Steinþórsdóttir et al. 2018). Further, the overwhelming pressure to publish at all costs can commodify knowledge production and foster a toxic, competitive environment based on peer rivalry rather than collaboration for the sake of advancing knowledge (Horta and Li 2023, 269–70, 271–72).
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors identify the key variables that shape the dynamics of the U.S. and China rivalry and investigate their impacts on the bifurcation and value-chain decoupling processes.
Abstract: Employing insights from political economics, international relations, and China studies, we identify the key variables that shape the dynamics of the U.S.–China rivalry and investigate their impacts on the bifurcation and value-chain decoupling processes. We show that the ongoing conflict and disengagement processes are more likely to evolve in the long run in significantly different ways to the one envisioned by current Washington decision-makers and echoed by Petricevic and Teece (2019). The latter predicted an escalation of the disengagement processes and inevitable convergence to a ‘bifurcated world’. Our main findings are: (1) The potential costs of bifurcation and consequent value-chain decoupling are prohibitive to both China and the U.S. Resistance is likely to grow by U.S.’ own MNEs and allies; (2) Washington decision-makers overstate the threats that ‘China’s rise’ poses to the survival of the liberal world order; and (3) China’s techno-nationalistic threats are likely to dissipate after a period of escalation, as a result of its own resource constraints, increasing costs of key programs, and inability to sustain in the long run its rapid innovation processes due to growing central controls. We conclude the paper by outlining an approach to maintain an open global economy and secure innovation systems.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors examine the drug development pipelines of the top 15 pharmaceutical companies from 1999 to 2016 to examine how rival projects drive the decision to progress a drug from preclinical laboratory trials to clinical trials in humans.
Abstract: Project selection decisions are complex because they must balance not only financial returns, project risk, and fit with strategy, but also competitive circumstances. A rival’s project development efforts provide two pieces of information: a market rivalry signal, indicating potentially heightened competition in a market, and a technological signal, indicating a possible solution to a problem in that market. We hypothesize that these signals affect a firm’s likelihood of project selection in opposite directions, and that the timing of the signals matters for selection. We examine the drug development pipelines of the top 15 pharmaceutical companies from 1999 to 2016 to examine how rival projects drive the decision to progress a drug from preclinical laboratory trials to clinical trials in humans. Early-stage rival projects provide a stronger market rivalry signal, and they are associated with a decreased likelihood of the firm selecting its own project to compete in the same market. Late-stage rival projects signal technological feasibility and are associated with an increase in the likelihood of selection. We then exploit heterogeneity in market potential (i.e., disorder prevalence/incidence) and a molecular compound’s technology (i.e., therapeutic modality) to independently manipulate the salience of the two signals. Finally, we provide evidence on how selection based on rival signals informs project success. Information from rival projects prompts the selection of more successful drugs, but only after a threshold when sufficient uncertainty has been resolved. This paper was accepted by Jayashankar Swaminathan, operations management. Supplemental Material: Data and the online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4642 .
TL;DR: In this paper , the effect of market orientation and entrepreneurial orientation on the competitiveness of small wooden furniture producers in South and West Sulawesi Provinces of Indonesia was analyzed by structural equation modeling using maximum likelihood approach.
Abstract: Small wooden furniture businesses in East Indonesia feel pressure from the furniture businesses of the West Indonesia, in particular from Jepara, due to a fierce international rivalry. The study is intended to analyze the effect of market orientation and entrepreneurial orientation on competitiveness with innovation as an intervening variable. The study distributed 189 questionnaires to the small wooden furniture producers in the South and West Sulawesi Provinces. The collected data were analyzed by structural equation modeling using maximum likelihood approach. The study found that market orientation, entrepreneurial orientation, and innovation contributed to leveraging the competitiveness of small furniture producers. With this model, market orientation is found to have a positive and significant effect on innovation and competitiveness, both with a small-medium effect. Interestingly, the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and innovativeness shows a positive, significant, and the most dominant of all structural causal relationships in the model, with a small-high effect. In contrast, the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and competitiveness has a positive and significant effect with a smaller path coefficient. The study also found that innovation shows a positive and significant effect on competitiveness with a relatively small impact.
AcknowledgmentThe case of small wooden furniture businesses of Indonesia is part of collaborative research between the research teams from Hasanudd in University and Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. In carrying out this study, the involvement of a number of agencies cannot be ignored: the Cooperative and Small and Medium Size Regional Office of South and West Sulawesi Province and Cooperatives and the Small and Medium Size Regional Office of Makassar City.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors argue that maintaining asymmetrical positional rivalries does not require clearly identifiable points of escalation, or follow a linear path of a tit-for-tat action-reaction cycle.
Abstract: ABSTRACT The Sino-Indian rivalry traces its origins to the founding of each state in the late 1940s. Over the past decade Indian concerns over Chinese activities in South Asia have significantly increased. While New Delhi has sought to counter Beijing in South Asia, a key question is to what extent has China responded to India in the same region? Do we find evidence of a tit-for-tat rivalry escalation process in South Asia where both China and India are actively trying to counter each other? The central argument in this article is that China is not actively engaging in a direct form of rivalry reciprocity with India. While certain activities by Beijing in the region are designed to enhance Chinese influence and power, there is less evidence that these are a direct response to India. This is in contrast to New Delhi’s behavior in the region where we do find evidence of Indian leaders directly responding to China. This articles’ main contribution is to demonstrate that maintenance in asymmetrical positional rivalries does not require clearly identifiable points of escalation, or follow a linear path of a tit-for-tat action-reaction cycle.
TL;DR: In this article , no potential conflict of interest was reported by the author, and no potential conflicts of interest were reported by any of the other parties involved in this work.Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size
Abstract: Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.
TL;DR: The authors analyzed the re-securitization process of Turkish foreign policy on Cyprus after the collapse of the peace talks at the Crans Montana Conference in 2017, and revealed three types of threat projections under the military and societal sectors and a case of counter-security under the political sector.
Abstract: Utilizing the theory of securitization and security sectors of the Copenhagen School, this article analyses the re-securitization process of Turkish foreign policy on Cyprus after the collapse of the peace talks at the Crans Montana Conference in 2017. The failure of the negotiation process to reach a solution based on the UN Parameters and the subsequent outbreak of the Arab Uprisings in 2011 along with the rivalry that arose over the exploration and discovery of offshore gas resources in the Eastern Mediterranean have all contributed to the revival of Turkey’s traditional and ‘securitized’ Cyprus policy. The discourse analysis reveals three types of threat projections under the military and societal sectors and a case of counter-securitization under the political sector.
TL;DR: For example, the authors argues that Europe, while increasingly aware of the challenge posed by the People's Republic of China, has not yet opted for a decisive alignment with Washington, probably because, at least in the short term, the relationship with Beijing also brings it benefits, but above all because it prioritises problems that are geographically closer and that may seem more pressing.
Abstract: If anything characterises the current state of the international system, it is the re-emergence of great power rivalry. This rivalry has two main consequences: the re-emergence of traditional security problems and the challenge to the international order established since the Second World War. The powers at the centre of this rivalry for the dominance and design of the world order include the People's Republic of China, which has risen dramatically, now wields considerable comprehensive power and seeks to use it to project its influence. Against it, the United States takes a posture of resistance, containment and defence of the existing liberal international order and seeks relentlessly to enlist Europe's support in this effort. However, Europe, while increasingly aware of the challenge posed by the People's Republic of China, has not yet opted for a decisive alignment with Washington, probably because, at least in the short term, the relationship with Beijing also brings it benefits, but above all because it prioritises problems that are geographically closer and that may seem more pressing.