Showing papers on "Rotation around a fixed axis published in 1985"

Solar rotation as a function of depth and latitude

Abstract: A 5-day series of two-dimensional velocity images of the Sun is analysed to yield frequencies of solar p-mode oscillations with degrees between 8 and 50, with all azimuthal orders for each degree. The frequency splitting between modes with the same degree and radial order is related to the latitudinal variation of rotation, averaged over a depth range that depends on the degree. The observed splittings indicate that for 0.3R⊙ ≲r≲0.7R⊙ the solar latitudinal differential rotation is much smaller than at the surface (rotation roughly constant on spheres), and moreover that the rotation rate is close to the surface equatorial value.

Classical trajectory study of vibration-rotation interaction in highly excited triatomic molecules

Abstract: For two qualitatively different model triatomic molecules, SO2 and ‘‘bent equilibrium OCS,’’ classical trajectory calculations of the rotational and vibrational motion are presented for microcanonical ensembles of initial conditions at 35% to 85% of a bond dissociation energy. At the higher energies, many of the trajectories exhibit substantial intramolecular vibrational‐rotational energy transfer (IVRET), which has a significant effect on the geometry of rotational motion including in some cases, a transition between the two types of stable asymmetric top motion. IVRET is caused principally by centrifugal interactions, and in ‘‘bent OCS,’’ it is dominated by a 2:1 resonance. The rotational motion of about half of the high energy SO2 trajectories is essentially statistical, but bent OCS never undergoes statistical IVRET.

Raman study of rotational motion and vibrational dephasing dynamics of NO3- in molten nitrates

Abstract: The Raman spectra of the symmetric stretching v 1(A′1) mode of NO3 - ions have been measured in a series of molten nitrates, LiNO3, NaNO3, KNO3, RbNO3, CsNO3, AgNO3, TlNO3, at a temperature 10–20 K above each melting point. Temperature dependence of the Raman spectrum was also measured in molten NaNO3. Reorientation of the symmetry axis of an nitrate ion is represented by the inertial motion of an associated ion cluster for short times and by rotational diffusion for longer times. One observes a point of inflection between two types of rotational motion at 0·2–0·5 ps. The speeds of inertial rotation and rotational diffusion decrease in the order, CsNO3, RbNO3, KNO3, NaNO3, TlNO3, LiNO3, AgNO3. The ratio of the effective moment of inertia obtained from moment analysis to the theoretical moment of inertia for a free NO3 - ion, I/I 0, increases in the same order, from 2·0 for CsNO3 to 20 for AgNO3. The vibrational correlation functions are analysed on the basis of a model of simultaneous homogeneous and inho...

Machine imparting complex rotary motion for lapping a spherical inner diameter

Abstract: An apparatus for imparting complex rotary motion is used to lap an inner spherical diameter surface of a workpiece. A lapping tool consists of a dome and rod mounted along the dome's vertical axis. The workpiece containing the lapping tool is held in a gimbal which uses power derived from a secondary takeoff means to impart rotary motion about a horizontal axis. The gimbal is rotated about a vertical axis by a take means while mounted at a radially outward position on a rotating arm.

Motion of myosin cross-bridges in skeletal muscle fibers studied by time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy decay

Abstract: The time-resolved fluorescence polarization anisotropy signal has been measured from fluorescent-labeled myosin cross-bridges in single glycerinated muscle fibers in the relaxed and rigor states. In one experimental configuration, the polarization of the excitation light and the fiber axis are aligned, and the anisotropy is sensitive to rotational motions of the probes about axes other than the fiber axis. The rotational correlation times are approximately 1000 ns for relaxed fibers and greater than 7000 ns for rigor fibers. In another experimental configuration, the excitation light polarization is perpendicular to the fiber axis, and its propagation vector has a component parallel to the fiber axis so that the anisotropy is sensitive to probe rotational motion about different axes, including the fiber axis. In this configuration, the rotational correlation times are approximately 300 ns for both relaxed and rigor fibers. The theory of rotational diffusion in a potential described in a related paper [Burghardt, T.P. (1985) Biophys. J. (in press)] is applied to the relaxed fiber data.

Mechanism of 90° wall motion in thin film heads

Abstract: The interaction between the rotational motion of magnetization and wall movement are investigated for an infinite strip of magnetic film with closure domains. When an external field is applied, the direction of magnetization is assumed to curl parabollicaly near the 90° walls. The 90° wall will move to decrease the energy associated with this curling. This movement can be described by the equation of rotational motion for the wall. The switching time relating to a 90° wall is fairly short (6 - 18 nsec) calculated by solving the equation of motion. It is due to the acceleration of the wall movement by the magnetization rotation.

Cyclic loading on the red cell membrane in a shear flow: a possible cause of hemolysis.

Abstract: The fluid force acting on single human red cells in a high shear flow was analyzed. A two-dimensional elliptical microcapsule as a model of the deformed red cells was adopted to numerically calculate the distributions of the shear forces on both sides of the cell membrane. It is theoretically shown that the cell membrane undergoes an unsteady cyclic loading under the rotational motion around the interior. The mechanism leading to blood cell trauma is examined by repeatedly loading the continuously moving cell membrane.

Arrangements for converting rotary motion to linear motion

Abstract: The invention is a poppet valve arrangement with a follower member rotatable with a drive shaft about the axis of rotation of the shaft. The follower member is rotatable within a hollow cam member having an internal cam profile with which the follower member is held in contact. Either the follower member or the cam member is capable of limited linear movement in a direction transverse to the axis of rotation of the shaft, and either of the follower member or the cam member is coupled to the poppet valve so that rotation of the shaft is translated into movement of either the follower member or the cam member and thereby into linear movement of the poppet valve.

V-type four stroke engine with counter rotating balance weights canceling out first order imbalance moments of reciprocating and of rotational motion

Abstract: This four stroke V-configuration engine has two cylinder banks which have equal numbers of cylinders, angled with respect to one another at a bank angle α different from 90°. For each bank of cylinders, the angular positions of the crank shaft crank pins therefor are evenly spaced apart around the central axis of the crank shaft, and between the banks of cylinders the angular positions of a pair of corresponding cylinders are separated by a crank angle of 90°-α. A first set of balance weights is provided so as to rotate about an axis parallel to the rotational axis of the crank shaft in the same direction and at the same speed as the crank shaft, and a second set of balance weights is provided so as to rotate about an axis parallel to the rotational axis of the crank shaft in the opposite direction and at the same speed as the crank shaft. The positions and the weights of the first and second sets of balance weights are such as to cancel out the first order imbalance moments of reciprocating and of rotational motion.

Determining the spatial orientation of stellar rotation axes.

Abstract: Recent proposals for determining the spatial orientation of stellar rotation axes are discussed and are shown to be impractical. In particular, knowledge of v sin i values and rotation periods for late-type dwarfs cannot be reliably combined to yield inclination angles i because of what may be fundamental uncertainties in the observables. Another idea for determining the position angles of rotation axes is far beyond current capabilities in practice, and probably will not work in principle anyway. For a few nearby subgiants and dwarfs, it may be possible to determine the position of a single, dominant spot through Differential Speckle Interferometry.

The rotation axis for stationary and axisymmetric space-times

Abstract: A set of 'extended' regularity conditions is discussed which have to be satisfied on the rotation axis if the latter is assumed to be also an axis of symmetry. For a wide class of energy-momentum tensors these conditions can hold at the origin of the Weyl canonical coordinate. For static and cylindrically symmetric space-times the conditions can be derived from the regularity of the Riemann tetrad coefficients on the axis. For stationary space-times, however, the extended conditions do not necessarily hold, even when 'elementary flatness' is satisfied and when there are no curvature singularities on the axis. The authors generalise the result by Davies and Caplan (1971) for cylindrically symmetric stationary Einstein-Maxwell fields, by proving that only Minkowski space-time and a particular magnetostatic solution possess a regular axis of rotation. Further, several sets of solutions for neutral and charged, rigidly and differentially rotating dust are discussed. In most cases only very narrow classes of solutions satisfy the extended requirements.

Occupant propelled roundabout

Abstract: An occupant propelled roundabout which includes a support base fixed to the ground in substantial upright orientation and having a rotatable hub attached at its upper end. This hub defines a rotational axis which is inclined with respect to a vertical reference. A support arm is attached to a rotating part of the hub and projects outward to attach at a platform provided to carry a user in sitting or standing position. The center of mass of the support arm and platform is offset from the rotational axis, which axis also intercepts a portion of the platform. The platform is attached in an acute inclined relationship with the rotational axis. An upstanding support member is attached at the platform and extends across the rotational axis. A gripping bar or seat member is positioned at the upper end of the upstanding support member to enable the user to partially counter balance against the weight of the platform during rotational motion. The gripping bar or seat may also include an upper platform to permit the user to sit therein, centering his weight near the rotational axis.

Vector analysis of rotary motion perception.

Abstract: Five displays with light dots at two or three rim locations on a wheel that rolled inside a hoop of twice the wheel’s diameter were observed. In this arrangement the motion paths of the rim dots are straight and are apparently more readily perceived than the cycloids on which rim dots move when the wheel rolls on a plane. Circular dot motion, the apparent result of vector analysis, is, however, often perceived as an alternative to linear dot motion. New findings that had been obtained in experiments with two of Johansson’s motion patterns that demonstrated vector analysis were shown to apply to this rolling wheel display. They are here presented in the context of a recent interpretation of Johansson’s findings. It regards the simultaneously perceived motions that Johansson’s displays yield as the direct result of two kinds of proximal stimulation, made possible by vector analysis taking place between distal and proximal stimulation. The following findings are reported. Adding a stationary dot in the periphery of the displays increased linear and decreased circular perceived motion when the displays were freely viewed. The perception of linear motion, which is given by subject-relative stimulation, and the perception of circular motion, which is given as orientation change, can combine to form perceived elliptic motion paths. This happened frequently, regardless of whether the linear motion was given by means of ocular pursuit or as retinal image path.

Equilibrium models of differentially-rotating polytropic cylinders

Abstract: The equilibrium structure of differentially rotating polytropic cylinders is determined numerically. We setn=3 and use a quadratic function for the law of differential rotation. We construct different models by varying the angular velocity at the axis and the ratio of the angular velocity at the surface to the angular velocity at the axis. By taking a decreasing function for the rotation law we are able to treat models with an angular velocity at the axis greater than the break-up velocity of uniformly rotating cylinders. We also determine whether a Richardson-like criterion for stability is violated in the models.

Anisotropic rotational motions of poly(L-glutamic acid) in the alpha-helix conformation

Abstract: The anisotropic rotational motion of the backbone and the side chains of poly(L-glutamic acid) in the α-helical structure was investigated using the 13C-T1 and T2 relaxation times of all carbon atoms with directly attached protons, obtained at a 13C-Larmor frequency of 67.89 MHz. The evaluation of the nmr data was carried out according to the previously derived anisotropic diffusion model, in which the macromolecule is considered a rigid rod. The rotation of the backbone is characterized by two diffusion constants, D1 and D3, describing the rotation perpendicular to and around the symmetry axis. The additional internal motion of the Cβ-methylene group is described as a jump process with a jump rate, k1, between two allowed rotametric states. Steric considerations indicate that the occupation of the third rotameric position is forbidden. The rotation of the Cγ-methylene group is decribed as a one-dimensional diffusion process around the Cβ–Cγ bond. Investigation of the temperature dependence of the relaxation parameters led to the temperature dependence of the dynamic parameters. Activation energies were determined from these data. The dynamic parameters obtained for poly(L-glutamic acid) at 291 K are compared with the corresponding results of a previous study of poly(L-lysine). The development of an anisotropic diffusion model for the motions of the rod-shaped poly(L-lysine) α-helix and its application to the interpretation of the 13C-relaxation data of this molecule have already been published previously. In this model, both the overall molecular tumbling and the various internal motions have been characterized by diffusion constants or jump rates typical for each process. These dynamic parameters can be calculated from the spin–lattice relaxation times, the spin–spin relaxation times and the NOE factors of the Cα, Cβ, and Cγ nuclei of the polypetide. In the present paper, we describe the application of the above-mentioned dynamic model to the interpretation of 13C-relaxation studies of a further homopolypeptide, poly(L-glutamic acid), in the α-helical structure. Furthermore, we studied the temperature dependence of the relaxation times of this polymer and determined the anisotropic diffusion parameters at each temperature. From their temperature dependence and from comparison of our present results with the data of our previous study of poly(L-lysine), we were able to derive new insights into the intramolecular diffusion processes and the excitation of various motions.

Characteristics of nonstationary rotary spectrum of earthquake motions

Abstract: The characteristics of earthquake wave motions are discussed using the rotary spectrum which is represented in the plane with Cartesian coordinates of frequency and time axes. At first, the relationships with the time series analysis and the particle motions are explained. The particle motions are expressed with the coefficient which represents the direction of rotary motion and the rotation angle of the ellipse. The coefficient and the rotation angle are determined from the nonstationary cross spectrum which is given by the time series analysis. From the figures of rotary spectrum, the characteristics of the particle motions of the strong ground motions and also the arriving time of the different events (multi-fracture mechanism at the focus) are discussed in this paper.

Hermetically sealed shaft passage for oscillating and rotational motion

Abstract: The invention relates to a shaft passage in hermetically tight design. a movement transmission is effected between two aligned, a common rotation axis having corrugated ends by an eccentrically arranged axis of rotation Umschluspaar. Between this one associated with a sealing element non-rotating sealing cap is arranged, the center performs a circular movement about the axis of rotation. With the rotationally symmetrical formed by Kreisexzentern Umschluspaar a sheet-like transfer of forces takes place.

Drive mechanism of transfer type multi-color printing apparatus

Abstract: PURPOSE:To attain the enhancement of reliability, the reduction of noise and the reduction of wt., by performing operation for pressing and separating a thermal transfer head and operation for winding up and drawing out an ink sheet by one actuator. CONSTITUTION:An one-way clutch 2a driven by one DC motor 1 transmits rotary motion to head up-and-down driving shaft 2 by its rotation in a counterclokwise direction and allow said driving shaft 2 to race by its rotation in a clockwise direction. The rotation of the head up-and-down driving shaft 2 allow a thermal transfer head 6b to move up and down through an eccentric shaft 2c and a connection rod 6C and a current is supplied to a heat generator when a platen 9, recording paper 8a, an ink sheet 10 and the thermal transfer head 6b are mutually contacted to perform transfer. An one-way clutch 4a transmits rotary motion to an ink sheet driving shaft 4 by its rotation in a clockwise direction and allows said driving shaft 4 to race by its rotation in a counterclockwise direction. The rotation of the ink sheet driving shaft allows an ink sheet wind-up flange 10 to rotate through a pulley 4b and performs the transfer of the ink sheet 10a simultaneously with the transfer of recording paper 8a due to a paper feed mechanism.

Experiments in Rotational Egomotion Calculation.

Abstract: : The motion of an observer relative to a fixed environment can be determined from a sequence of successive perspective images. The method is based on constraints between the motion parameters, the image intensities, and the shape of the body in view. Method is developed for experimentally verifying the algorithm using synthetic input for the case of rotational motion. Technical problems arise in the representation of continuous mathematics in the discrete domain of a computer system. The effects of some of these difficulties are examined analytically and experimentally.

Vane angle controller for fluid machine with rotor blades

Abstract: PURPOSE:To eliminate necessity for use of any operating power other than for vane angle control by connecting a tension rod rotatably with an axial motion output member of a mechanical motion converting means, which converts rotational motion of a block into a straight motion. CONSTITUTION:When current is applied to a stator 23, a rotor 22 receives torque and rotates a block 18. Rotation of this block causes a relative rotation of a female screw 18a of the block with a male screw 24a formed on the casing 24, to cause movement of the block 18 in the axial direction. This movement changes the vane angle through a bearing 17, slip ring 16 and tension rod 2. Even though the fluid force the vane has received gives an axial force to said tension rod 2, the block does not rotate because of frinction between the screw parts 18a, 24a. Therefore no power is required to keep the vane angle constant except when the vane angle control is in effect.

Space station rotational equations of motion

Abstract: Dynamic equations of motion are developed which describe the rotational motion for a large space structure having rotating appendages. The presence of the appendages produce torque coupling terms which are dependent on the inertia properties of the appendages and the rotational rates for both the space structure and the appendages. These equations were formulated to incorporate into the Space Station Attitude Control and Stabilization Test Bed to accurately describe the influence rotating solar arrays and thermal radiators have on the dynamic behavior of the Space Station.

Multi-dimensional vibration base unit

Abstract: PURPOSE: To enable more faithful reproduction of a complicated seismic vibration, by applying a target displacement signal to a vibrator of the equipment considering mutual interference to enable a rotary motion control around three axes. CONSTITUTION: This apparatus is made up of a vibration base 1, X, Y and Z axis vibrators 3(3-1W2), 4(4-1W2) and 5(5-1W4) for vibrating it multidimensionally and a plurality of static pressure couplers 2 for connecting the vibrators to the base 1. A 3-axis motion, two horizontal ways and one vertical way and a rotary motion around three axes on the center of the base 1 are applied to the base 1. With such an arrangement, when command signals are provided for a three-axis displacement and a rotary displacement around three axes, a computation is made with an arithmetic unit having displacement values to be inputted into the X, Y and Z axis vibrators 3W5 provided in three axes, namely, the size of the base 1, the distance to the rotary surface of the equipment 2 and mounting intervals of the vibrators 3W5 as a function. Then, the displacement values as results of the computation are inputted into the vibrators 3W5 as target displacement signal thereby enabling faithful reproduc tion of a complicated seismic vibration. COPYRIGHT: (C)1987,JPO&Japio

Polar motion for an elastic earth model using a canonical theory

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to develop a canonical formulation of the rotational motion for an elastic Earth model. We have obtained the canonical equations for the precession and nutation motion in an inertial frame, and from this we have deduced the equations in an Earth-fixed frame. The linearized equations deduced for polar motion are equivalent to those obtained using Liouville's equations.

Transferring device for press

Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain a titled transferring device requiring small floor area for whole device by repeating lateral and vertical reciprocating motion of a carrying bar at proper timing and enabling to carry works successively. CONSTITUTION:Counterclockwise A rotational motion of the output shaft 26a of a motor 26 is transmitted to a rotation shaft 29 to rotate a gear 36 counterclockwise B. A carrying bar 1 held by freely rotatable rollers 11, 12, 17 is shifted to the right according to number of rotation and rotation speed of the gear 36. When the output shaft 26a is rotated clockwise, the bar 1 is shifted to the left. On the other hand, when the rotation shaft 23 of a motor 22 is rotated in the direction C by a certain degree, a lifting bar 20 is raised. This upward movement raises an end of a lever 9, and raises an end of a lever 10 through a rod 13. Further, rollers 11, 12 are oscillated downward around pivots 5, 8. This oscillatory motion is transmitted to rollers 17, 18 through an oscillation plate 16 and a rod 18, and these move the bar 1 held by rollers 11, 12, 17, 18 downward.

Torque equilibrium type angular acceleration meter

Abstract: PURPOSE:To enable the improvement in the characteristics of the control mechanism of a servo system strong to noise and free from a gravity error, by detecting angular acceleration from the relative position of a shaft to be measured and a rotor. CONSTITUTION:A rotor 2 is arranged in coaxial relation to a shaft 1 to be measured for detecting angular acceleration and formed so that the center of gravity thereof is present on said shaft 1. Now, when the shaft 1 begins to rotate, the rotor 2 is left from the rotary motion of the shaft 1 and positional shift is generated between the shaft 1 and the rotor 2. A position detector 3 detects the relative positional shift of the shaft 1 and the rotor 2 and the detection signal is sent to a torque generator 6 through an operator amplifier 4 and a compensator 5 to generate torque such that the rotor 2 always follows the rotary motion of the shaft 1. Subsequently, an angular acceleration calculating part 7 calculates angular acceleration from such a fact that torque is equal to the produce of the inertia moment and angular acceleration of the rotor 2. Further, by setting the condenser (a) and the resistor (b) of the compensator 5 to predetermined values, the transmission factor from the shaft 1 to the rotor 2 is made large and the following characteristics of the rotor 2 are improved.

Rotary vane pump

Abstract: PURPOSE:To prevent vibration and enhance the energy efficiency by allowing a rotor to rotate on a constant axis statically, permitting vanes to displace in the axial direction of the rotor, and thereby balancing vibrations of the whole device totally. CONSTITUTION:If a pulley 11 rotates a rotor 3' round a rotary shaft 10 in the rear casing 2' at a certain specific speed, vanes 5' make a rotational motion with respect to the inside conical surface 13 of front casing 2'' as well as the rotor 3' a slide revolving motion with respect to a groove 4', and these actions allows suction of the specified fluid through a suction port 7 and discharge of the compressed fluid through a discharge port 8 to form a cycle of operation, which shall be then repeated. At this time friction is made only by vanes 5' in sliding revolutions in the axial direction with respect to the groove 4' of the rotor 3', and the effects are cancelled by one another because all motions are made spot symmetrically about the center 17 of the facade 9 of the rotor 3', so that the whole construction is held well balanced. Accordingly no significant vibration will be generated with noise also well suppressed, which may lead to provision of possibility of saving the energy.

Power generation by utilizing kinetic energy of ball, roller body, disc body and conical body plus terrestrial gravitation

Abstract: PURPOSE:To utilize natural energy and thereby make efficient power generation attainable, by letting a circular body move with the kinetic energy of wave force, wind force and hydraulic power utilized, while driving a generator by means of its dynamic effort via a generating pedal or a rotary shaft. CONSTITUTION:A spherical rotator body 2 moving on a fixed rolling surface by means of rocking motion in a system body 1 is housed inside the conical system body 1 being rockably supported, and with this rotator body 2 rolled, plural generating pedals 3 are stepped on in regular sequence whereby a generator is made so as to be driven via a rectilinear motion/rotary motion conversion mechanism 4. The system body 1 is rocked in making full use of the kinetic energy of wave force, wind force or hydraulic power. In this connection, it will do that the system body may be constituted of installing a lot of blades on the outer circumference and that it may be so constituted as to set up plural generating pedals 3' annularly inside this body 6 and to operate these pedals by a spherical rotator body 7.