Showing papers on "Section (archaeology) published in 1996"

Demographic and genetic management of captive populations

Abstract: The last fifteen years have been a time of revolutionary change in the focus and goals of zoos. This change has been motivated by a fundamental philosophical shift in the zoo community toward establishing conservation, through both captive propagation and public education, as a primary purpose. A large part of the material included in this volume has resulted as much from this shift as from the development and application of new technology. The material discussed in this chapter has also resulted from this new conservation ethic. Two decades ago, the primary focus of zoo animal rtianagement was the exhibition, maintenance, and occasional breeding of individual specimens. Collection from the wild, rather than reproduction in captivity, was the usual means of acquiring animals for zoo exhibits. As animals became increasingly difficult to obtain from the wild, however, captive propagation became a more important means for replenishing zoo collections. At the same time, zoos began to recognize their potential contribution to wildlife conservation: the preservation of wild animal species in captivity over long periods of time and the potential to reintroduce captive-bred animals into the wild. Significant biological problems confront this effort. Small and fragmented populations, such as those that exist in zoos and to an increasing extent in the wild, have a low probability of long-term survival. Random catastrophic demographic events, reduced vigor due to inbreeding depression, and loss of genetic diversity due to genetic drift and inbreeding all have an effect on the survival of small populations (Gilpin and Soulé 1986). Success in managing these populations ultimately rests on managing them as populations, not just as individuals. There are also organizational problems involved in managing groups of individual zoo collections as crossinstitutional biological populations. The international zoo

Understanding Travel Behaviour in an Era of Change

Abstract: Section headings: Understanding Shifts in Traveller Activity and Perception Measuring Future Contexts: The Stated Preference Approach Incorporating the Dynamics of Behaviour in Travel Analysis Improving the Practice of Behavioural Travel Models

Information tracing system and information tracing method

Abstract: An information processing system of the present invention records information on distribution when information is distributed so that an information distribution route is traced later. In the information processing system, when information held in an information holding section is distributed from an information distribution section to a different information intervention system, a distribution sensing section senses it and records its distribution history in a distribution history holding section. When an information tracing instruction is given, a history collection section fetches distribution histories related to the information to be traced from the distribution history holding section, detects the destination, and instructs the destination information intervention system to trace the information. In response to the instruction, history information is collected from the different information intervention system and is stored in a collected history holding section. A tracing analysis section analyzes the collected history information and displays the distribution route, etc., on a tracing result display section.

Patient transfer mattress system

Abstract: A mattress assembly including a bottom mattress section and a top, transfer mattress section is provided. The transfer mattress section includes lateral flaps which are coupled to the sides of the bottom mattress section by hook and loop type fasteners. Pull straps are secured to the flaps for moving the transfer mattress section, and a patient thereon, with respect to the bottom mattress section once the fasteners have been disengaged. The interface of the top and bottom mattress sections is low friction to facilitate sliding the top mattress section with respect to the bottom mattress section.

Debate on evaluation of the VAN Method: Editor's introduction

Abstract: This special section presents a debate on the statistical significance of the results obtained by the VAN method of earthquake prediction. Other topics related to the VAN method are also discussed by some of the papers in this section. This introduction explains the background that led to this debate. Tables of seismicity data are also included in this introduction. These tables are cited in some of the other papers in this special section.

Recent advances in analogue modelling: uses in section interpretation and validation

Abstract: Abstract Scaled analogue modelling is a powerful tool for the understanding of the geometric and kinematic development of extensional, strike-slip and inverted fault systems, as well as for some thrust systems. In this paper the results of 2D and 3D scaled analogue model experiments designed to simulate listric fault systems, rift fault systems, and inverted listric faults are reviewed. Simple 2D rift models are characterized by asymmetric rift graben structures with planar rift border faults and domino-style intra-rift fault systems. 2D listric fault models produce roll-over anticlines with associated crestal collapse grabens whereas the ramp-flat listric fault models produce roll-over anticlines associated with each concave-up segment of the main fault system and also a syncline above the convex-up ramp section of the main detachment. The 2D analogue models are directly comparable to natural examples of extensional fault systems. The results of simple 3D analogue models of an orthogonal and a 60° oblique rift are presented. Orthogonal rift models are characterized by both rift-border and intra-rift faults that are nearly orthogonal to the extension direction. Like-dipping intra-rift faults overlap to form relay ramps that transfer displacement between the faults. In contrast oblique rift models are characterized by en-echelon arrays of segmented extensional faults. Rift border fault systems are parallel to the underlying zone of basement stretching whereas the intra-rift faults are segmented and at a high angle to the extension direction. Oblique accommodation zones formed by interlocking conjugate fault arrays separate individual depocentres within the models. No strike-slip or oblique-slip transfer faults are found in these models. The 3D rift models produce fault patterns that are comparable with natural examples of rift systems. Analogue modelling of inverted listric faults is described and the results compared with natural examples of inverted fault systems. The results of the scaled analogue models described in this paper provide important constraints on section interpretation and restoration in that they permit an understanding of the geometric and kinematic evolution of fault (and fold) structures as well as indicating the sequences of faulting and activity on faults. They provide templates for the interpretation of seismic sections in regions of poor data quality and for projecting surface data into the sub-surface.

The optimal selection of material and section-shape

Abstract: SUMMARY Summary The optimal design of load-bearing structures requires the selection of both material and section-shape. This paper develops a methodology for selecting, from among available or potentially available materials and shapes, those best suited to meet given design specifications.

Apparatus having flexible mounting mechanism

Abstract: An apparatus having a flexible mounting mechanism according to the present invention includes a storage section, a casing accommodating and holding the storage section, a protective housing accommodating and protecting the casing, a supporting member provided between the casing and the protective housing for supporting the casing, and a maintaining member supporting the protective housing. The supporting member and the maintaining member have different vibration damping characteristics.

Assessment in Transition: Learning, Monitoring and Selection in International Perspective

Abstract: Section headings: Section A - Global Trends and Pressures. Section B - Country Case Studies: Systems in Transition - Experiments in Large Scale Reform. Section C - Country Case Studies: The Backwash of Selection - Contrasting Contexts, Common Dilemmas. Section D - Resolving the Tensions? Possibilities and Limits.

The Strong Law of Large Numbers

Abstract: 151 This section gives some fundamental definitions in the theory of probability, such as the definitions of a probability space and a random variable

Apparatus and method for disassembling and assembling gas turbine combustor

Abstract: An apparatus for disassembling and assembling a gas turbine combustor comprises a hand assembly for holding a combustor component of a gas turbine, an inserting and drawing section which supports the hand assembly and moves the same in parallel to a central axis of the combustor component and a retainer for securing the inserting and drawing section onto a casing which constitutes an outer section of the gas turbine.

Surface contact card connector

Abstract: A surface contact card connector which includes a base section 2 made of an insulating material; a cover section 3 made of an insulating material and attached to the base section at a rear end for rotation between open and close positions; first and second engaging side walls 7 and 15 provided on opposite sides of the base and cover sections, respectively, such that when the cover section is closed, they are opposed to each other; first or second engaging side walls are flexible laterally; engaging windows or depressions 9, 10 being provided in the first or second engaging side walls; engaging and releasing projections 16 and 17 provided on the second or first engaging side walls such that when the cover section is closed, they flex the first or second side walls laterally and engage the engaging members; the engaging projections having a rectangular triangle shape whose upper side 16A is substantially at right angles to the engaging side walls while the release projections being provided at positions flexible with respect to the engaging projections when the cover section is opened

Method and apparatus for automated program-generation

Abstract: An automated program-generating apparatus, includes a program-generating section for receiving an input specification and for transforming the input specification into an output program. A reference device external to the program-generating section is available for referencing by the program-generating section. Metarules in the program-generating section operate with the reference device to transform the input specification into the output program.

Stable isotope and biotic evolution in the North Sea during the early Eocene: the Albæk Hoved section, Denmark

Abstract: Abstract Stable isotope (δ13C, δ18O) and biostratigraphic data are presented for a 20 m thick section spanning the Røsnæs Clay Formation at Albæk Hoved in Denmark. This early Eocene formation is the first calcareous deposit in the North Sea after a several million year period of non-calcareous sedimentation. Nannofossil and dinoflagellate data indicate that the section is unusually complete, spanning lower zone NP11 to lower NP13. Throughout the section, Subbotina spp. dominate the planktonic foraminiferal assemblages. Benthonic foraminiferal assemblages indicate middle bathyal water depths (600–1000 m). Water exchange between the semi-enclosed North Sea and the open ocean has been estimated by comparing the North Sea isotopic records with coeval records for DSDP Hole 550 in the northeastern Atlantic Ocean. Anomalously low δ18O values (−4 to −5‰) for bulk samples and planktonic deep-dwelling Subbotina from the Røsnæs Clay indicate a significant freshwater component in the North Sea. Average salinities in the euphotic zone ranged between 26 and 30 ppt throughout the early Eocene. The benthonic foraminiferal δ18O values indicate generally somewhat more saline and stable conditions in the water mass near the seafloor. During the early Eocene, three principal conditions alternated in the North Sea, depending on regional sea level, position of critical sills and the extent of water exchange with the open ocean. (1) At times of strongly restricted water exchange, calcite dissolution was complete. Grey clays formed and sediment oxygen content was low. Non-calcareous agglutinated foraminifera dominated. This condition prevailed in the earliest Eocene (NP10), during deposition of the lowermost Røsnæs Clay Formation, and at the end of the early Eocene. (2) At times of moderately restricted water exchange, calcite dissolution was important. Calcite content and planktonic/benthonic foraminiferal ratios in the sediment were low. Different grey or reddish brown clays formed. Oxygen content at the seafloor was low to intermediate. Subbotina δ18O values (−2 to −4‰) were generally a few per mil lower than in the coeval open ocean and fluctuated dramatically, due to freshwater admixture. Subbotina-benthonic Δδ13C gradients were high, because of low biological productivity and slow renewal of bottom water in connection with temporarily strongly density-stratified water masses. This condition prevailed during the later half of Biochron NP11, and possibly in latest NP12. (3) At times of more open water exchange, calcite-rich sediments dominated. Deep-dwelling planktonic foraminifera invaded the North Sea and planktonic/benthonic foraminifera ratios were high. Surface-thriving morozovellids, however, were absent, probably because of reduced surface salinities. Subbotina δ18O values (−2 to −3‰) indicate that a freshwater component was present at mid-depth, but salinities were higher and more stable than during more restricted water exchange. Subbotina-benthonic Δδ13C gradients were low, reflecting higher productivity and invigoration of bottom-water circulation. Water mass density stratification was less profound. Reddish brown marls dominated, and oxygen content in the sediment was moderately high. This condition prevailed during most of NP12 and probably during early NP11. High-resolution isotopic profiles over a 5 m thick interval in the upper NP12 part of the Røsnæs Clay Formation reveal that three distinct lithological ‘event beds’ are associated with profound short-term negative shifts (1–2‰) in δ13C and δ18O. The isotopic shifts are of the same magnitude in bottom waters as at mid-depth, implying that they reflect rapid changes in the chemistry of the entire water mass of the North Sea. The events may reflect short-term sea-level falls and/or rapid water mass exchange with other semi-enclosed basins to the north.

Web winding apparatus

Abstract: A web winding apparatus for taking up a web in a predetermined width by rotating a core in a predetermined length in a winding section includes a core cutting section which cuts a core in the predetermined length from a core material. A core conveyor directly couples the core cutting section to the winding section and transfers the core cut in the core cutting section to the winding section.

Virtual object display apparatus and method

Abstract: A virtual object display apparatus displays the action of an object at high speed. An environment information memory section stores environment information of a plurality of objects in a virtual space. A view information memory section stores view information of an extent of a view area of the virtual space. A visibility decision section determine whether each of the plurality of objects is visible in the view area in accordance with the environment information and the view information. An motion generation section generates motion for each of the objects in the virtual space in accordance with a decision result of the visibility decision section. A display section displays the motion of each of the objects generated by the action generation section.

Development of salt-related structures in the Central North Sea: results from section balancing

Abstract: Abstract The geometric and kinematic evolution of salt-related structures in the Central North Sea has been studied using structural restoration and balancing techniques. Strain associated with fault displacements, compaction and isostasy has been systematically removed, thus producing a graphical representation of the temporal and spatial distribution of salt structures through time. The results clearly demonstrate that the Central North Sea can be sub-divided into three structural provinces based on the type of salt structure present: (1) the Central Graben which is characterized by large offset extensional faults with broad salt swells and tall salt diapirs, (2) the Eastern platform comprising the Norwegian-Danish Basin which is dominated by symmetrical salt swells that are typically welded in intervening lows and deeply buried, and (3) the Western platform which is characterized by salt swells and gravity-driven, thin-skinned extension. By restoring the deformation at both a local and a regional scale, it becomes apparent that the Permian salt has controlled the development of structures throughout the Mesozoic and Tertiary in the Central Graben region and the Western Platform, whereas on the Eastern Platform the salt was primarily active during the Triassic only. This has led to a variation in the evolution of structural styles across the Central North Sea. The restorations also suggest that salt dissolution has not been a significant feature during the development of diapirs in this area.

The Centrality of Agriculture: Between Humankind and the Rest of Nature

Abstract: Part I (Introductory) Agriculture as the problem: replacing the economy in nature and in society Section 1 (preliminary): The missing environmental dimension in social criticism Section 2 (ecological and historical): The environmental implications of agriculture and the preindustrial phase of their history Section 3 (ecological and contemporary): The environmental implications of industry and our living environment's capacity for response Section 4: Towards agriculture as our environmental monitor and the centrepiece of a new form of policy. Part II (Fabular) Agriculture privileged and benign: English capitalism in its light-industrial prime Section 1 (sociotheoretical): The relevance of the English case for understanding the place of agriculture in modern society Section 2 (agronomic and ecological): Classical English farming practices and land stewardship Section 3 (legal and institutional): The dynastic device of strict settlement Section 4 (interpretive): The place of agriculture in the economy of capitalist England. Part III (Contemporary) Agriculture displaced and disarrayed: The industrializing (world) economy as the only perceived context for human activity in this century Section 1 (historico-ideological): Free trade and the attack on the landed interest in England Section 2 (historico-economic): The rise and fall of an ordered world market in agricultural produce and their manifold effects Section 3 (technical): "Solving" agriculture's problems by deliberately subsuming it under industry Section 4 (critical): Agriculture and the socialist tradition. Part IV (Utopian) Agriculture biocontexts for future persons: Possible forms for communities securely placed in nature Section 1 (philosophical): Type of relations among persons, nature, and use-values Section 2 (descriptive): Forms of the new agriculture for bioregions Section 3 (exploratory): Forms of money and the division of labour Section 4 (tentative): Pathways to Utopia.

Protective sleeve for garden hose

Abstract: A protective sleeve for a garden hose includes a protective shell section having a generally tubular body with an inner bore shaped for receiving a coupling of the garden hose snugly therein. A flexible strain relief section is releasably attached to the shell section wherein the flexible strain relief section has a generally tubular body. A locking member of the strain relief section releasably attaches the strain relief section to the shell section. The locking member is receivable within an opening formed in the body of the shell section. The locking member is resiliently movable from a relaxed position in which it extends through the opening and engages the body of the shell section for preventing axial movement of the strain relief section away from the shell section, to an inwardly flexed position in which the locking member flexes inwardly out of the opening and disengages the body of the shell section for allowing relative axial movement between the shell and strain relief sections. The strain relief section has an outer surface that defines a gripping surface for facilitating the attachment of the garden hose with another garden hose.

The origins of the modern historiography of ancient philosophy

Abstract: A new approach to the historiography of the history of philosophy was first proposed near the end of the eighteenth century. It is useful to regard it as an alternative to two others, sometimes conceived of as exhausting the possibilities: a purely philosophical approach, and a purely historical one, both of which I consider in section I. The bulk of the article is devoted to what I call "the modern historiography of the history of philosophy" (briefly characterized in section II). Its origins are closely tied to the renewal of philology. Section III recounts the methodological innovations of the New Philology and their relevance for approaching texts including philosophical ones from the past. In section IV, I consider some moves made by early proponents of "modern historiography"-in particular their implicit demand for an internal rather than an external history of philosophy, that is, an account that allows us to understand how and why philosophy has changed through time, in terms of philosophical factors: how, for example, one set of philosophical considerations led to a certain view; how reflecting on that view led philosophers to perceive various difficulties, and to perceive philosophical responses to those difficulties, and so on. The goal is to exclude, to as great an extent as possible, external factors, that is, factors which are not themselves philosophical views or arguments. In section V, I turn to Christian A. Brandis (1790-1867) whose methodological reflections and historiographical practice mark an enormous advance over his predecessors and even over some of his successors, like W. Jaeger. I conclude (section VI) by arguing that some "philosophical" objections brought against the way of proceeding advocated by Brandis fail. In the course of describing this new approach and its origins, I hope also to make clear why it is more attractive than the two other possibilities briefly considered in section I.

Seat belt retractor

Abstract: PURPOSE: To prevent the drift of the fitting position of a seat belt retractor. CONSTITUTION: A stay 4 having the insertion hole 4a of a fixing screw is provided at one end section 3a of a box-like main body 3. A hook 5 having a step section 5a bent into a vertical section, a slant section, and a vertical section is formed at the other end section 3b of the main body 3. A vertical section 16 is molded integrally with a main body section facing the hook 5. The vertical section 16 is arranged on the inside of an inner panel. When force is applied to a seat belt retractor 1 and the fitting position is slightly drifted, the vertical section 16 is brought into contact with the inner wall of the inner panel, and the progress of the drift of the fitting position is prevented.

Diversidad y Ecologia De Los Quiropteros En Pakitza

Abstract: We report 55 species of bats for the Pakitza Biological Station, Reserved Zone, Manu National Park, Peru. We update the geographical distribution of each and comment on their abundance, roosts, habitat preference, use of forest (uiulcrstory, mulstory, and canopy), nocturnal activity, female reproductive condition, and. diet.

Phs video phone

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To realize a PHS video phone having excellent operability, design performance, assembling performance and quality and capable of inputting the image of an object placed relatively to the main body by arranging a lens section of an image input section in a main body case, arranging a reflection section provided with a rotary mechanism or a sliding mechanism on the front side or the rear side of a front lens of the lens section and changing only the direction of the reflection section. SOLUTION: An image input section 2 is provided in a main body case 13 having a liquid crystal display device section for outputting an image, a voice input section, an output section, an operation section and a communication section or the like, a reflection section 11 reflection a light in the image input section 2 is provided on an optical axis 8a in front of the lens section 8 freely movably and the input direction of a light to the lens section 8 is switched by moving the reflection section 11 and the object is picked up relatively with respect to the main body without turning the entire image input section in this PHS video phone.

Sharecropping in perfectly competitive markets: a contradiction in terms

Abstract: The plan of this lecture is as follows. In section 2,the sharecropping model is outlines. In sections 3 and 4, the Marshallian and Cheungian positions are described. A reconciliation of the opposing viewpoints is given in Sections 5. Empirical evidence is provided in Section 6. In section 7, some unconventional approaches to solve the sharecropping problem are cited. The last Section has the concluding remarks.

Wire to board contact terminal

Abstract: The invention comprises a contact terminal having a body with a forward end, a rearward end, an insulation crimping section, and a conductor crimping section. The body has a first stop member to engage insulation on a wire and prevent the insulation from being inserted further forward into the body. A second stop member engages an upper surface of a circuit board to prevent the body from being inserted further forward into a through hole in the circuit board. The second stop member being further forward on the body than the first stop member. When the body is inserted into the through hole in the circuit board, the first and the second stop members maintain the insulation on the wire spaced away from the circuit board thereby protecting the insulation from exposure to heat during soldering.

Passageway for loading and unloading aircraft

Abstract: A plurality of independent U-shaped frame sections (20) are articulately connected in an end series to form a flexible corridor (10). Each frame section (20) is U-shaped being opened at the bottom and supported on a wheel assembly (34) and covered by a weatherproof fabric roof (54). Each frame section (20) is formed with collapsible side walls (24) allowing collapsing in the longitudinal direction.