Showing papers on "Service (systems architecture) published in 1981"

A Hierarchical Objective Set Covering Model for Emergency Medical Service Vehicle Deployment

Abstract: The use of hierarchical and multiobjective programming in public decision making is reviewed. The conventional set covering CSC problem is formulated for locating emergency medical service EMS vehicles. Its computational and practical limitations are discussed. The desire to account for inter-district responses leads to the formulation of a hierarchical objective set covering HOSC problem in which we find the minimum number of vehicles needed to cover all zones while simultaneously maximizing the extent of multiple coverage of zones. Several important properties of the HOSC problem are derived, including the fact that for certain values of the relative weights associated with the two objectives, no dominated zones are included in the solution. The CSC and HOSC formulations are applied to a 33-zone problem for Austin, Texas, and computational experiences are indicated.

A generator program for models of discrete-event systems

Abstract: Researchers in simulation methodology have been attempting to develop both theories of modelling and software tools to assist in applying those theories. Using results from system theory and automata theory, Oren and Zeigler have demonstrated the need for the design and development of software for modular con struction of models; manipulation, documentation, validation, and generation of simulation programs; and automatic verification of algorithms. We have implemented a software system based on their propo sals. The user describes the structure of the model in a well-defined language. At this time, our system supports only discrete-event models using a next- event strategy; a typical example is a queuing model of service at a bank. However, this simple system demonstrates the feasibility of a more complex system.

Consumer feedback in human service programs

Abstract: David J. Warfel is Program Analyst, Division of Program Planning and Consultation, Office of Budget and Ad ministration, Harrisburg, Pennsyl vania. Dennis M. Moloney, Ph.D., is Director, Program Dissemination, Youth Care Department, Father Flanagan's Boys' Home, Boys Town, Nebraska. Karen Blase, Ph.D., is Di rector, Site Development, Youth Care Department, Father Flanagan's Boys' Home. It has been proposed that conversion money. The method used to gain the of the "good ideas" of social policies participation of clients should be flexi into actual social service programs sueble enough so that it does not disrupt an ceeds only to the degree that program ongoing program. Further, the method managers use feedback mechanisms in should provide quick feedback. The their organizations.1 With the advent rapidity of the feedback increases the of consumerism and the demand for aclikelihood that the resulting changes in countability, the input of clients into program operations will be timely and social service programs has been ineffective, creasing. Most organizations are committed to Useful System What type of informa some extent to the philosophy that tion should be obtained from clients clients can contribute to the direction, and other consumers? The most useful quantity, and quality of their care. In information will be that deemed im social work the importance of clients' portant by personnel of the program as views in determining the direction of well as by clients and other consumers, treatment has been reflected in the Whether feedback is sought on the writings of Faatz, Hollis, and Perlman.2 comparative costs of a program or the Moreover, the "Policy Statement on effectiveness of a program in helping Health Care in the United States," isclients, the questions posed to consum sued by the National Association of ers must be specific and precise. Social Workers, commits the social work profession to support the particiFeedback System The manner in which pation of clients or other consumers in consumer participation is imple planning, policy-making, and decisionmented also is critical to the success making whenever possible.3 of a feedback system. For example, if One method of getting feedback is to consumers and staff members are not obtain directly the opinions of consumfamiliar with the feedback process, ers of a service (clients and residents certain problems may arise. Clients of a community). The importance of may become suspicious about ques gathering information firsthand from tions concerning the adequacy of their clients or various other consumers of care, other consumers may wonder at human service programs is discussed in the motives of those trying to obtain this article. Recommendations are feedback, and staff members may per made regarding procedures necessary ceive the effort to gain information as a for the frequent collection of this inpossible threat to their jobs or criticism formation as an aid to improving social of their performance, service programs. Attempts to get information from clients without adequately explaining „ the social relevance of the information GENERAL GU requested or the benefits to be gained To develop and maintain an effective may result in resistance by clients who feedback system, several issues in refeel they are being treated as "guinea lation to implementation must be repigs" or will be labeled "deviant."4 In solved. First, the system must be pracaddition, clients may interpret requests tical so regular implementation is feasifor information as coercion. Rosen's ble. Second, the information collected findings suggest that clients may dis must be useful to the personnel of the close important information about program. Third, procedures for examthemselves only because they assume ining and acting on the findings must be that failure to do so may jeopardize the incorporated into a system that is actureceipt of valued services.5 ally used for feedback. To lessen the fears of all who are involved, it is important for program Practical System A system must be managers to inform consumers and practical if it is to function as intended, staff about the information-gathering Program managers who are interested process. Participation of clients may be in obtaining input from clients are facilitated, shortcomings of the pro bound by the constraints of time and gram are more apt to be stated, and the

Packetized Service Integration Network for Dedicated Voice/Data Subscribers

Abstract: This paper describes a new integrated service network using packetized voice/data technology which was developed in consideration of the sophisticated service demands for voice, data, and facsimile communication. A major problem in constructing this network is in the local distribution network, i.e., the subscriber interface unit, the local end office, and the subscriber loop which connects them. The concepts, choice of design parameters, and laboratory test results of the packetized service integration network are briefly discussed.

An overview of BLN: A bell laboratories computing network

Abstract: The Bell Laboratories Network (BLN) provides a host-to-host networking service that has been specifically designed for the heterogeneous computer environment at Bell Laboratories. BLN incorporates two important concepts: a 7-layer architecture similar to the one currently being proposed by ISO and CCITT, and implementation techniques that allow most of the networking software to reside in totally portable modules. BLN has been operational since March, 1979 in first a 3-node and then in an 8-node prototype network. It is now being deployed to replace the existing interlocation network in Bell Labs. In this paper we provide an overview of the network service requirements and the architecture and implementation that was developed to provide those services.

Economies of Online Retrieval.

Abstract: The growth and usage of online information systems has resulted in institutions making statistical studies on the costs of providing this service to users. Vendors analyze their indirect and direct costs in making database services available. This paper deals with the economies of online retrieval costs to the institution as well as the end user. One cost factor on which little has been reported, due to a paucity of data, is the value of the time saved by the end user in having a computer search run. Information which indicates savings to the end user will be reported from evaluations of completed searches run by the Purdue University Library's Computer Based Information Service. To measure overall benefits, institutions should consider the volume of usage, system performance and effectiveness, user behavior and user satisfaction.

The Context of Open Systems Interconnection Within Computer-Based Information Systems

Abstract: The current development within ISO on the “Reference Model of Open Systems Interconnection” and the supportive Service and Protocol Specifications represent a major contribution, which this paper attempts to place into the larger context of computer-based information systems and to show its relationship to complementary functional sub-architectures.

A Simulation Model for Developing Service Centers in a Rural Settlement Network

Abstract: The work of the Regional Development Task at the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) focuses on problems of medium- and long-term regional development. In this context the restructuring of settlement networks forms an important part of the development of regions. A critical aspect of this restructuring is the development of service centers. This paper presents a dynamic simulation model for developing service centers in a rural settlement network, together with the results obtained from running the model. These results are interpreted in terms of human settlement theories. The paper has been prepared in collaboration with the System and Decision Sciences Area at IIASA.

Proposed system for the use of evaluation factors in the source selection of service contractors

Abstract: : Technical personnel are increasingly being required to perform vital functions as proposal evaluators in the source selection process for which they have not properly been trained. This research effort provides a comprehensive system for source selection using price and other factors in a form aimed at the technical professionals that support field acquisition activities. All examples selected are from the general acquisition area of service contracting. The system consists of the basic considerations necessary for preparation of a procurement request, the basic elements of a source selection plan, selection of a technical evaluation panel, selection of evaluation factors for service contractors, preparation of negotiation objectives, the actual conduct of evaluations and negotiations, and debriefing of unsuccessful offerors. (Author)

An organization development approach to technology transfer in the National Forest Service

Abstract: : Technology transfer efforts conducted by the National Forest Service since 1972 provide the base for this work. Problem areas, as identified by the Forest Service, include an inability to acceptability institutionalize technology transfer processes throughout its system and a concomitant hesitancy for technology transfer processing to become an integral part of daily operations. The problems are examined, using an organization development approach, by applying a model which breaks down the Forest Service organization into several major subcomponents. The subcomponents comprising the model are: People, Structure, Technology, Communications, Tasks and Goals, and Environment. An analysis is then conducted to determine the measure of 'fit' among the various subcomponents in terms of their contribution to or hindrance of the technology transfer effort.

Study of aircraft crashworthiness for fire protection

Abstract: Impact-survivable postcrash fire accidents were surveyed The data base developed includes foreign and domestic accidents involving airlines and jet aircraft The emphasis was placed on domestic accidents, airlines, and jet aircraft due principally to availability of information Only transport category aircraft in commercial service designed under FAR Part 25 were considered A matrix was prepared to show the relationships between the accident characteristics and the fire fatalities Typical postcrash fire scenaries were identified Safety concepts were developed for three engineering categories: cabin interiors - cabin subsystems; power plant - engines and fuel systems; and structural mechanics - primary and secondary structures The parameters identified for concept evaluation are cost, effectiveness, and societal concerns Three concepts were selected for design definition and cost and effectiveness analysis: improved fire-resistant seat materials; anti-misting kerosene; and additional cabin emergency exits

Hospital information systems tutorial: a guide for computer scientists and practitioners

Abstract: With the United States spending in excess of two hundred billion dollars per year on health care, it is clear that only the small percentage of that likely to be dedicated to computer-based hospital information systems offers both a tremendous opportunity and a responsibility for those in computing. This is particularly true because both software and hardware technologies have evolved to the point where comprehensive online systems are now functionally and financially a practical reality. This tutorial provides an overview of the software and hardware approaches that have been successfully applied, the delineation of success factors in the realm of human engineering, a cost per incident of service distribution methodology, and a review of cost/benefit considerations. The session is directed to those in the computing arena as opposed to those in health care, but the items covered will be of direct application to those on the medical side as well.

The EUROLEX experience

Abstract: Eight characteristics of a lawyer's working environment are described including the need for reliable information, the relevance of older documents, the need for access to textual data and the requirement to cover all relevant material. The nature of legal data is discussed and the consequent effect and problems on such database structures due to the constant changes in national and international law. The article goes on to outline the EUROLEX service which provides online access to case law, legislation and treaties for the UK and Europe. The libraries are put up on an IBM 3033 and an Amdahl 470/V6 at BOC Datasolve. Dial‐up access is available for over 100 users simultaneously, using the STATUS package. Users may search on headnotes, citations, opinions, judgments, etc. Libraries can be searched as a whole or in part or as sub‐sets of parts. A sample search output is provided. Details are given of the EUROLEX libraries available and the years covered. The article ends with a short report on the system us...

Business Plan for the Establishment of National Business Institute for Computers in Engineering (NICE)

Abstract: A business plan is for proposed for the establishment of a National Institute for Computers in Engineering (NICE). It also identifies potential sources of funding for the NICE project. NICE will be an independent, not-for-profit organization comprising engineering-related professional societies. Its prime purpose will be to provide an information service which will assist in promoting the effective use of computers and computer software as tools of the practicing engineer. NICE will provide services for a fee to the practicing engineer. The principal service will be the provision of information on computer software based on systematic methods of information collection, computerized storage and retrieval. This paper represents the work of members of the Computer Practices Committee, ASCE, in conjunction with members of the Society for Computer Applications in Engineering, Planning and Architecture.

Data base manipulation for assessment of multiresource suitability and land change

Abstract: Progress is reported in three tasks which support the overall objectives of renewable resources inventory task of the AgRISTARS program. In the first task, the geometric correction algorithms of the Master Data Processor were investigated to determine the utility of data corrected by this processor for U.S. Forest Service uses. The second task involved investigation of logic to form blobs as a precursor step to automatic change detection involving two dates of LANDSAT data. Some routine procedures for selecting BLOB (spatial averaging) parameters were developed. In the third task, a major effort was made to develop land suitability modeling approches for timber, grazing, and wildlife habitat in support of resource planning efforts on the San Juan National Forest.

Design evolution of the Boeing 757

Abstract: The 757–200, which started its development in 1974, will fly for the first time early in 1982. When this aircraft enters airline service in January 1983, it will set new standards for quiet, fuel-efficient operation. The roots of the current 757 configuration go back to the 727–300 study programme. The design evolution proceeded through the 7N7 study programme which lasted from early 1976 through 1977, and developed into the 757–200 now in production (Fig. 1).

Animated computer graphics for tram route simulation

Abstract: The evaluation of tram service based on simulation techniques is generally carried out by calculating a set of nominated level of service measures which are then presented in tabular or graphic form. However, for general planning purposes, particularly when interdisciplinary discussions are imperative, a bird's eye view of the simulated service would greatly assist comprehension of the service performance. For this purpose, a computer program has been developed to animate the results from a tram route simulation model.

Ntis information services designed for specialized needs

Abstract: Following a brief review of the ontogeny of the National Technical Information Service (NTIS), the authors present detailed information describing important science and technology current awareness capabilities. Special emphasis, including illustrated examples, is placed on the automatic dissemination service - Selected Research in Microfiche (SRIM). Topics covered range from information for innovators to technology transfer to data base services for software and data files professionals.

Telecommunication Technologies, Networking and Libraries

Abstract: The conference provided an overview of current and developing technologies for digital transmission of image data that are likely to have an impact on the operations of libraries and information centers or provide support for information networking. Technologies reviewed include slow-scan television, teleconferencing, and videodisc. Other papers discuss technology and standards development for computer network interconnection through hardware and software, particularly packet-switched networks; computer network protocols for library and information service applications; the structure of a national bibliographic telecommunications network; and the major policy issues involved in the regulation or deregulation of the common communications carriers industry.

Location-Allocation and Optimum Site Selection of Fire Service Facilities: A Florida Example

Abstract: The study of location is an important area of inquiry. All organizations make locational decisions, although for most the decision simply may be to remain where they are. Many organizations, however, must either expand or contract their number of locations in order to remain competitive or to meet their service demands. This study examines the problem of locating fire service facilities in a rapidly growing region. A model appropriate to the problem is first established and discussed, followed by an evaluation of its application. A LOCATION-ALLOCATION MODEL. Given the objective of minimizing the cost ofproviding a satisfactory level of service, and assuming that the technique of service delivery has already been determined, three questions must be resolved: (1) what should be the size or capacity ofeach facility?, (2) how many facilities should there be?, and (3) where should each facility be located? The three questions collectively are referred to as the location-allocation problem which asks: how shall one set of facilities be located to serve a second set of needs? (1) There are a number of location-allocation models, each appropriate for a specific task. The one appropriate for the problem discussed below deals with location on a transportation network. A transportation network can be described as a set of nodes or vertices connected by a set oflinks, edges, or routes. A link can be defined in terms ofthe two nodes it connects and the distance and/or travel speed along it. The nodes may be weighted by population, income, or other variables associated with the zone each node represents. Thus, a network summarizes the transportation system and distribution of demand variables in a region. The task is to select the optimum set of nodes that can supply the existing