Showing papers in "Advances in Space Research in 1981"

TL;DR: In this paper, the variability of solar EUV fluxes in aeronomically attractive terms involving a relatively small total number of date-dependent variables supported by a relatively large number of wavelength-peculiar parameters.

TL;DR: The PORCUPINE sounding rocket project provided the opportunity to study the dynamics of an artificially injected plasma beam in the near-Earth space as mentioned in this paper, where the structure of the plasma beam, its propagation across the magnetic field as well as the resulting wave phenomena were discussed.

TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that the decline of the albedo of Venus toward the ultraviolet can be explained by the presence of two absorbing agents: a) SO2, for which abundance is 1011 cm−3 at height 68 km and scale height is about 1 km; b) some unknown aerosol absorbent, possibly a 1% FeCl3 admixture in a sulfuric acid concentrated solution.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used a truck-mounted microwave sensor to acquire backscattering coefficient and apparent temperature data for snow-covered terrain at 19 frequencies between 1 and 18 GHz and at 35.6 GHz.

TL;DR: In vegetative bacterial cells, exposed to vacuum, cell dehydration led to damage of the cell membrane, which could be partly repaired during subsequent incubation, but the high local effectiveness of the cosmic heavy ions further decreases the chance that spores can survive for any length of time in space.

TL;DR: In this article, an intrinsic magnetic field as the origin of the Martian magnetosphere was found based on results from the Mars orbiters M-2, M-3 and M-5.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors used the Bennett RF ion mass spectrometer (OIMS) on the Pioneer Venus Orbiter (PVO) to measure the ion composition and concentration of the ionosphere of Venus.

TL;DR: TOVS (TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder) comprises the three radiometers HIRS-2 (High resolution Infra Red Sounder Mod 2), MSU (Microwave Sounding Unit) and SSU (Stratospheric Sounding Units) mounted on the TIROS-N series of operational spacecraft.

TL;DR: In this article, a summary of the known theoretical and observational aspects of 'inadvertent' rocket-exhaust effects upon the ionosphere is provided, and the atmospheric regions susceptible to rocket exhaust effects are examined.

TL;DR: In this article, it is shown that these radiances can be interpreted quantitatively as if they were coming from equivalent homogeneous surfaces with well defined effective emissivity and temperature, provided that the heterogeneity of these surfaces measured with a well defined heterogeneity factor is less than 2.

TL;DR: In this article, the ULF electromagnetic waves associated with the earth's foreshock appear in two discrete frequency ranges, designated the low frequency waves at 0.01 -.05 Hz and the high frequency wave trains at 1.4 - 1.0 Hz.

TL;DR: Gravity as an ecological factor determining spatial orientation of plant growth and a possible requirement for gravity in the process of normal growth, morphogenesis and generative development of plants are discussed.

TL;DR: In this paper, a description of some recent observational results that provide new information on the power line radiation (PLR) phenomenon is given, and it is pointed out that PLR stimulates many subtle and complex waveparticle interactions in the magnetosphere that are similar to those simulated by controlled transmitter signals.

TL;DR: Male Wistar rats were placed in orbit for an 18.5 day period aboard the Soviet Cosmos 1129 biological satellite and the skeletal changes which occurred during space flight were a reduced rate of periosteal bone formation, a decreased trabecular bone volume, and an increased fat content of the bone marrow in the proximal tibial metaphysis.

TL;DR: In this article, two explicit models for the nadir reflectivity of a horizontal soil surface with sparse vegetation were developed, one for plants with predominantly horizontal leaves and the other for plants that form predominantly vertical, isolated clumps.

TL;DR: In this paper, the Porcupine sounding rocket consisted of a central instrumented payload with four smaller payloads ejected in the radial direction, one of which contained a xenon ion gun which directed a 200eV Xe+ ion beam roughly perpendicular to the magnetic field.

TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that radar can provide quantitative information on the soil moisture content of both bare and vegetation-covered soil using detailed spectral measurements obtained by a truck-mounted radar spectrometer in the 1-8 GHz band and by airborne scatterometer observations at 1.6, 4.75 and 13.3 GHz.

TL;DR: In this article, a comparison of the Venusian ionosphere electron density profiles obtained by the dual-frequency radio occultation method for the satellites Venera-9,10 and the Pioneer-Venus orbiter has been carried out.

TL;DR: The ionic charge states of helium, carbon, oxygen, and iron have been determined for three solar particle enhancements by an electrostatic deflection analyzer, which is combined with a thin window proportional counter dE/dX vs. E system as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: In this paper, the composition of hot magnetospheric plasma through different regions of the magnetosphere is described on the basis of mass spectrometer measurements by the GEOS 1, GEOS 2, and ISEE-1 spacecraft.

TL;DR: The only known large-scale effects of man on geomagnetic activity and pulsations were those produced by high-altitude nuclear explosions as discussed by the authors, however, in just the last few years, measurements have indicated that changes can also be produced by (1) moderately-powered pulsed HF radio (1-20 MHz) transmissions into the ionosphere, (2) high powered pulsed VLF radio transmissions (3-15 kHz) into the magnetosphere, and (3) by the ULF magnetic noise (frequencies

TL;DR: In this article, the authors measured the abudance of magnetospheric ions in the energy per charge range from a few eV to 16 keV and found a 10-fold increase in the average O + /H + ratio which is well correlated with increased solar activity as measured by the 10.7 cm solar radio flux.

TL;DR: In this article, relaxation sounders have been found to work very well in dilute plasmas far from the earth, and they are thus extremely powerful diagnostic tools in the solar wind and magnetosheath, they provide a sure and precise measurement of the electron density In the magnetosphere, where detailed measurements on the f sub zero resonances are possible, the sounders also give a determination of electron temperature and drift velocity

TL;DR: In this article, the density and temperature profiles of a planet's interior are calculated using a set of differential equations defining the major thermal and mechanical variables of the interior of the planet.

TL;DR: In this article, a statistical study has been made of cosmic ray intensity, as observed by a neutron monitor, and selected solar and geophysical parameters in a search for phenomena which may be associated with the reversal of the solar magnetic field.

TL;DR: The Suprathermal Plasma Analysers (SPA's) flown on the ESA GEOS spacecraft are well suited to measurements of the plasma populations in the magnetosheath and boundary layer regions as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: Asymptotic stability characteristics with respect to the onset of Marangoni convection in a liquid layer under the simultaneous action of a large transverse magnetic field and a large rate of rotation are investigated in this article.

TL;DR: Space flight of Paramecia cultures resulted in a stimulating effect on cell proliferation, in a larger cell volume, in changes in cell dry weight, cell total protein and the electrolyte content of the culture media in which the organisms were grown.

TL;DR: In this paper, the subject of the dissipation of internal gravity waves in the thermosphere and how this is related to propagation is discussed, and the ranges of waves for different source heights in these atmospheres are calculated.

TL;DR: In this article, the power-law spectra f(E)∝E−2.7 of < 40 keV suprathermal ions within ∼107 km of propagating interplanetary shocks are explained by diffusive scattering near a plane shock.