Showing papers on "Sex pheromone published in 1969"
TL;DR: The response of female boll weevil to males, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, in laboratory bioassays can be reproduced by exposure to a mixture of compounds I, II, and either III or IV, all isolated from male weevils and their fecal material.
Abstract: The response of female boll weevils to males, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, in laboratory bioassays can be reproduced by exposure to a mixture of compounds I, II, and either III or IV, all isolated from male weevils and their fecal material. The same response was elicited by mixtures of tile synthesized coimpounds. Compound I is (+)-cis-2-isopropenyl-l-methylcyclobtutaneethanol; II, cis-3,3-dimethiyl->(1,beta)cyclohexaneethanol; III, cis-3,3-dimethlyl->(1,alpha)-cyclohexaneacetaldehyde; and IV, trans-3,3-dimethyl->(1,alpha)-cyclohexanecetaldehyde.
277 citations
TL;DR: The pheromone structure of the oriental fruit moth, Grapholitha molesta, is reported to be cis-8-dodecenyl acetate (I) and that of the red-banded leaf roller moth, Argyrotaenia velutinana, is identified as cis-11-tetradecenol acetate.
Abstract: THE chemistry and specificity of sex pheromones in two subfamilies of the lepidopterous family Tortricidae1,2 have been studied because of the large number of economically important insects included. We identified the pheromone structure of the red-banded leaf roller moth, Argyrotaenia velutinana (subfamily Tortricinae), as cis-11-tetradecenyl acetate3, and now report the pheromone structure of the oriental fruit moth, Grapholitha molesta (subfamily Olethreutinae), to be cis-8-dodecenyl acetate (I).
129 citations
TL;DR: In Dendroctonus the production of population-aggregating pheromones is not specific to sex or species, and aggregation is largely maintained by the specificity of olfactory receptor systems.
126 citations
TL;DR: Sex pheromone specificity is the only obvious reproduction isolating mechanism for two tortricid species and two gelechiid species, and could be important for sympatric evolutionary saltation.
Abstract: Sex pheromone specificity is the only obvious reproduction isolating mechanism for two tortricid species and two gelechiid species. Pheromones of the gelechiid species are cis-9-tetradecenyl acetate and trans-9-tetradecenyl acetate. Male response of one gelechiid species is inhibited by the pheromone of the other species. This could be important for sympatric evolutionary saltation.
100 citations
TL;DR: The male pheromones of Tenebrio molitor are of two distinct types: an excitant which attracts females and an ariti-aphrodisiac which inhibits the response of other males to female scent.
Abstract: AMONG insects known to use a sex pheromone, it is most common for one sex to respond to the chemical signal produced by the opposite sex1. Yet in some species, apparently both sexes respond to the pheromone2,3, and recently it has been shown, in a few cases at least, that the two sexes may produce distinct pheromones4,5. Tenebrio molitor has previously been regarded as a classic case: females excite and attract males by means of a sex pheromone6,7. There are several pheromones which mediate the reproductive behaviour and physiology of Tenebrio, and we have found that the males as well as the females produce sex pheromones. Furthermore, the male pheromones are of two distinct types: (1) an excitant which attracts females and (2) an ariti-aphrodisiac which inhibits the response of other males to female scent.
98 citations
84 citations
TL;DR: Twenty-four hours aftertreatment of male beetles with 100 micrograms of hormone, their hindgut Malpighian tubule extract was more attractive to female beetles in a laboratory bioassay than was extract from males producing pheromone naturally in ponderosa pine logs.
Abstract: Topical application of 25, 50, or 100 micrograms of 10,11-epoxy-farnesenic acid methyl ester in peanut oil induced male Ips confusus to produce sex pheromone in the hindgut Malpighian tubule region. Twenty-four hours aftertreatment of male beetles with 100 micrograms of hormone, their hindgut Malpighian tubule extract was more attractive to female beetles in a laboratory bioassay than was extract from males producing pheromone naturally in ponderosa pine logs.
79 citations
TL;DR: Differences between species have not been sought, in spite of their importance for chemical taxonomy and their broader implications in behavioural studies and comparative biochemistry.
Abstract: MOST studies on pheromones and volatile secretions of insects, except defensive secretions1,2, have used material from unrelated species3. Differences between species have not been sought, in spite of their importance for chemical taxonomy and their broader implications in behavioural studies and comparative biochemistry.
73 citations
TL;DR: Direct and indirect effects of light intensity produced significant changes in the levels of male light-brown apple moth responsiveness to the pheromone; light intensities greater than 3·5 lx suppressed the male response and, via the timing of a circadian rhythm, light/dark cycles established a set period of peak responsiveness within a diel cycle.
63 citations
TL;DR: By means of assays with live females it was demonstrated that pheromone emission reached a peak about 4 days after eclosion from the pupal skin; after mating the effect of crowding disappeared.
Abstract: The sex pheromone produced by female yellow mealworm beetles, Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), was conveniently and quantitatively assayed by exposing males to air containing female scent. Although extracts of both sexes released a male response, males responded only to live females and not to live males. The female pheromone was purified 700-fold by column chromatography. By means of assays with live females it was demonstrated that pheromone emission reached a peak about 4 days after eclosion from the pupal skin. Crowding enhanced pheromone release in virgin females; after mating, the effect of crowding disappeared.
TL;DR: A series of experiments demonstrate the validity of the assumption that the initial step in the behavioral sequence has the lowest threshold of pheromone concentration and that each successive step has a higher threshold than the preceding one.
Abstract: Responses of male Lepidoptera to female-produced sex pheromones consist of a succession of behavioral steps. Quantitative bioassays of these pheromones have relied on the determination of the relationship between pheromone concentration and the frequency of occurrence of 1 of these steps (Bartell and Shorey 1969, Shorey et al. 1964). It has been assumed that the initial step in the behavioral sequence has the lowest threshold of pheromone concentration and that each successive step has a higher threshold than the preceding one (Schwinck 1955, Guerra 1968, Traynier 1968). We report here a series of experiments which demonstrate the validity of this assumption.
TL;DR: The objectives of this study were to locate the site of pheromone production in T. lineatum and to investigate the effects of host material and mating on pherumone production.
Abstract: The site of scolytid sex pheromone production has been considered to be the hindgut and malpighian tubules (Pitman et al. 1965, Zenther-Moller and Rudinsky 1967). However, although the striped ambrosia beetle, Trypodendron lineatum (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) produces attractive frass (Rudinsky and Daterman 1964a, b; Borden et al. 1968), the site of pheromone production is unknown. The objectives of our study were to locate the site of pheromone production in T. lineatum and to investigate the effects of host material and mating on pheromone production.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The divisions of the alimentary tract were tested extensively to determine whether the attractant first appears in a specific area of the tract as the insect becomes sexually mature.
Abstract: Sturckow and Bodenstein (1966) reported that the severed head of female American cockroaches, Periplaneta americana (L.), elicited a stronger sexual response from males than the thorax and abdomen and suggested that the probable site of production of the sex pheromone was the head; however, their attempts to locate an obvious source by examining sections of the head with the light microscope were unsuccessful. Furthermore, extracts of attractive heads caused less response in males than might be anticipated if the head were the principal source of the pheromone. Then additional investigation showed that considerable amounts of pheromone were present in the feces of female cockroaches. The divisions of the alimentary tract were therefore tested extensively to determine whether the attractant first appears in a specific area of the tract as the insect becomes sexually mature. The results are reported here.
TL;DR: The identification of octan-3-one as the major component of an alarm pheromone complex from the heads of Crematogaster peringueyi Emery is reported.
Abstract: Chemical alarm communication commonly occurs among the social Hymenoptera, particularly among the more highly organized species in which the number of workers per colony is large (Maschwitz 1964). Several of the pheromones concerned with this alarm communication have been chemically identified, but the number identified is small compared with the large number of social Hymenoptera in which they must occur, even after allowance is made for an evident lack of specificity between related species. We report the identification of octan-3-one as the major component of an alarm pheromone complex from the heads of Crematogaster peringueyi Emery. This ketone has not previously been identified as an alarm pheromone in any species of social insect.
TL;DR: The potato tuberworm moth, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller), showed that males, when caged with newly emerged females, became highly excited, exhibiting sexual responses such as clasper extension, fluttering of wings, and spinning flight, suggesting the possibility of a sex pheromone being released by females.
Abstract: The release of volatile substances to lure the mate has been observed in many insect species (Jacobson 1966). Experiments in our laboratory with the potato tuberworm moth, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller), showed that males, when caged with newly emerged females, became highly excited, exhibiting sexual responses such as clasper extension, fluttering of wings, and spinning flight. These reactions by males suggested the possibility of a sex pheromone being released by females. Preliminary studies were therefore carried out to determine whether the males were attracted by an olfactory stimulus from the female, and if so, to ascertain the source of the stimulus.
TL;DR: Results of studies of female Anthonomus grandis Boheman suggest that the sex pheromone might have a major role in suppressing weevil populations in areas where populations are extremely low, in the spring after an effective fall diapause-control program has substantially reduced the number of over wintering boll weevils.
Abstract: Results of studies of female Anthonomus grandis Boheman made to determine the influence of biological factors Oil its response to male sex pheromone indicated that: (1) laboratory-reared males were as attractive and females were as responsive as native weevils if they had access to cotton squares (flower buds) as food; (2) increased attraction of isolated males over grouped males was substantiated; (3) males in close proximity to females were no more attractive to females than isolated males; (4) the lack of response of recently mated females emphasized the need to capture females in traps before they mate with free, competing males; (5) sterilization of males with apholate or irradiation did not significantly decrease their attractiveness compared with untreated males: (6) females responded to males as many as 3 times and from distances of as much at 82 m; (7) the high percentage of females captured in traps baited with males in the absence of competing males, and the low percentage captured with males in traps in an infested plot containing large numbers of competing males suggest that the sex pheromone might have a major role in suppressing weevil populations in areas where populations are extremely low. for example, in the spring after an effective fall diapause-control program has substantially reduced the number of over wintering boll weevils.
TL;DR: The available evidence indicates that the neuroendocrine cause of the male-induced pregnancy failure in mice is the failure of prolactin secretion by the adenohypophysis with consequent failure of corpus luteum development and the return of the newly mated female to estrus as though mating has not occurred.
TL;DR: Pure sex pheromone was isolated from virgin female Carpocapsa pomonella by a procedure consisting of extraction of whole female moths, refluxing in methanolic sodium hydroxide to release chemically bound attractant, solid-liquid chromatography on alumina, preparative scale gas Chromatography on carbowax-20M, and finally gas chromatographyon apiezon L.
Abstract: Pure sex pheromone was isolated from virgin female Carpocapsa pomonella (L.) by a procedure consisting of extraction of whole female moths, refluxing in methanolic sodium hydroxide to release chemically bound attractant, solid-liquid chromatography on alumina, preparative scale gas chromatography on carbowax-20M, and finally gas chromatography on apiezon L. One-day-old females each contained 0.03 ng of free and 0.22 ng of bound pheromone, whereas 3-day-old females each contained 0.30 ng of free pheromone and 0.25 ng of bound pheromone. This is less pheromone per insect than has been previously reported for any other species. Chemical and chromatographic data indicate that the pheromone is an unsaturated alcohol, does not contain a carbonyl group, but docs contain at least 1 other functional group. Gas chromatography at 200°C showed that the Kovats' retention index, I, was 2235 on the carhowax-20M column and 1515 on the apiezon L column.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this article, the sex pheromone of the female pink bollworm moth was synthesized by an original procedure and the spectroscopic and physiological properties of the material were identical to that of the natural attractant.
Abstract: 10-Propyl-trans-trideca-5, 9-dien-1-yl acetate (propylure), the sex pheromone of the female pink bollworm moth, has been synthesized by an original procedure. The spectroscopic and physiological properties of the material are identical to that of the natural attractant.
14 Mar 1969
TL;DR: A selected group of male Periplaneta americana (L.) was tested for responses to the sex pheromone of the female and to a food odor during the latter half of a 4-week period of starvation.
Abstract: A selected group of male Periplaneta americana (L.) was tested for responses to the sex pheromone of the female and to a food odor during the latter half of a 4-week period of starvation. Responses to the sex pheromone did not diminish from a preselected percentage of response until the 24th day. Responses to the food odor paralleled those of the sex pheromone. When the sex pheromone and food odor were presented simultaneously to the starved cockroaches, they preferentially responded to the sex pheromone.
TL;DR: Catches of male Trichoplusia ni (Hubner) in traps equipped with black light lamps were increased for 4 weeks by the presence of the synthetic sex pheromone on sand substrate, causing a 50% response by males.
Abstract: Catches of male Trichoplusia ni (Hubner) in traps equipped with black light lamps were increased for 4 weeks by the presence of the synthetic sex pheromone on sand substrate. When the pheromone was dispensed fresh each night, 0.5 mg of pheromone per trap was near optimum, since the catch was not increased by adding more pheromone. When the diameter of the container holding a mixture of sand and pheromone was increased, catches were greater the 1st night but significantly less the 2nd and 3rd nights. Light traps baited with pheromone and mounted on barrels containing water coated with diesel oil were about twice as effective as baited survey light traps. However, pheromone alone (no lamp) suspended above the oil was not effective. A Y-tube apparatus was used in the laboratory to determine the concentration causing a 50% response by males; the response was not affected when fumes of diesel oil or cyanide were present.