Showing papers on "Shadow (psychology) published in 1979"

Bargaining in the Shadow of the Law: The Case of Divorce

Abstract: This article suggests an alternative way of thinking about the role of law at the time of divorce. It is concerned primarily with the impact of the legal system on negotiations and bargaining that occur outside the courtroom. We see the primary function of contemporary divorce law not as imposing order from above, but rather as providing a framework within which divorcing couples can themselves determine their postdissolution rights and responsibilities. This process by which parties to a marriage are empowered to create their own legally enforceable commitments is a form of \"private ordering.\"'

Guilt, Authority, and the Shadows of Little Dorrit

Abstract: It is used most obviously to express the literal shadow of the Marshalsea, but it appears, often metaphorically, in connection with almost all the characters and eventually we understand that the real shadow here is "a deeper shadow than the shadow of the Marshalsea Wall" (II, 19), and that to be "shadowed" by some sadness or blindness or delusion or deliberate choice of the worse rather than the better course is the universal condition of all the dwellers in this prison of a lower world.'

Estimation of Shadow Prices for Project Evaluation in Pakistan

Abstract: The purpose of this paperl is to estimate shadow prices of capital and labour for use in the social evaluation of projects.2 The Harberger approach [7] has been used here to estimate the shadow discount rate. Apart from being one of the few demonstrations of the empirical estimation by this approach in'literature this is the correct method of. estimating the shadow discount rate where the marginal social value is not equal to the marginal social cost of funds at market equilibrium due to the presence of various distortions

Shadow Pricing and Macroeconomic Analysis: Some Illustrations from Pakistan

Abstract: Shadow prices are being used increasinglyin the economic analysisof projects. The purpose of this paper, however, is to argue that shadow prices are equally relevant for certain types of analysis at the macro-economic level. In theory, macroeconomic issues can be properly analyzed; if at all, only in general equilibriurn framework. Quantification then requires the solution of an appropriate model. But, estimable general equilibrium models can seldom include many variables,and the level of aggregation must remain high. They are general only in the very partial senseof simultaneous solution of a limited set of aggregated endogenous variables. On the other hand, some of the issuesaddressed by shadow pricinginvolve quite disaggregatedvariables, and, of course, project analysis itself often requires very detailed estimations.

From hospital to community: a system changes.

Abstract: Interest in the community and institutional aspects of mental health care in Saskatchewan goes back to the early history of the province, but it is the last 15--20 years which have seen the most exciting developments. During this time the province has changed from having one of the highest mental institutionalization rates in the world to one of the lowest. One mental hospital was phased out and the other reduced to a shadow of its former self. An account of the changes which occurred during this period is given together with the story of the stresses generated. Finally, a 1979 perspective is offered on the Saskatchewan psychiatric program.

Calculating Shadow Prices in Pakistan (Reflections on the Paper by Squire, Little and Durdag)

Abstract: The Paper, "Shadow Pricing and Macroeconomic Analysis: Some lliustrations from Pakistan ,,1 by Lyn Squire, I. M. D. little and M. Durdag (henceforth simply SLD) is an important contribution for two reasons. Firstly, it represents the first major step by the World Bank to provide a comprehensive set of shadow pri~es for Pakistan using a.methodology [7] that while not as yet officially adopted by the Bank seems likely to have a pervasiveinfluence on all future attempts to defme and estimate shadow prices in the Bank's economic work. The Bank's methodology is a lineal descendant of the famous Project Appraisaland Planningfor the Developing Countries by I. M. D. tittle and J. Mirrlees [6]. Thus, in the SLDpaper, two of the leading "shapers" of shadow price technology take Pakistan as one of the first test casesfor the practical application of their theories.

Shadow wage rate for urban public project evaluation in thailand

Abstract: This paper will review the existing methodologies for estimating the shadow wage rate. Assumptions and some special characteristics as well as drawbacks of each methodology are discussed. From these special characteristics, a formula is derived for estimating wages for Thai economic conditions.