Showing papers on "Social movement published in 1992"

Civil society and political theory

Abstract: Part 1 The discourse of civil society: the contemporary revival of civil society conceptual history and theoreticl synthesis theoretical development in the 20th century. Part 2 The discontents of civil society: the normative critique - Hannah Arendt the historicist critique - Carl Schmitt, Reinhart Koselleck and Jurgen Habermas the genealogical critique - Michel Foucault the systems-theoretic critique - Niklas Luhmann. Part 3 The reconstruction of civil society: discourse ethics and civil society social theory and civil society social movements and civil society civil disobedience and civil society.

The Concept of Social Movement

Abstract: Recent developments in social movement research have evidenced a greater underlying consensus in the field than one might have assumed. Efforts have been made to bridge different perspectives and merge them into a new synthesis. Yet, comparative discussion of the concept of ‘social movement’ has been largely neglected so far. This article reviews and contrasts systematically the definitions of ‘social movement’ formulated by some of the most influential authors in the field. A substantial convergence may be detected between otherwise very different approaches on three points at least. Social movements are defined as networks of informal interactions between a plurality of individuals, groups and/or organizations, engaged in political or cultural conflicts, on the basis of shared collective identities. It is argued that the concept is sharp enough a) to differentiate social movements from related concepts such as interest groups, political parties, protest events and coalitions; b) to identify a specific area of investigation and theorising for social movement research.

Women, violence, and social change

Abstract: Women, Violence and Social Change demonstrates how refuges and shelters stand as the core of the battered women's movement, providing a basis for pragmatic support, political action and radical renewal. From this base movements in Britain and the United States have challenged the police, courts and social services to provide greater assistance to women. The book provides important evidence on the way social movements can successfully challenge institutions of the State as well as salutatory lessons on the nature of diverted and thwarted struggle. Throughout the book the Dobashes' years of researching violence against women is illustrated in the depth of their analysis. They maintain the tradition established in their first book, Violence Against Wives, which was widely accalimed.

The Making Of Social Movements In Latin America: Identity, Strategy, And Democracy

Abstract: * Introduction: Theory and Protest in Latin America Today Arturo Escobar and Sonia E. Alvarez. Conceptualizing Social Movements In Contemporary Latin America * Social Movements: Actors, Theories, Expectations Fernando Caldern, Alejandro Piscitelli, and Jos Luis Reyna. * Marxism, Feminism, and the Struggle for Democracy in Latin America Norma Stoltz Chinchilla. * The Study of New Social Movements in Latin America and the Question of Autonomy Judith Adler Hellman. * Culture, Economics, and Politics in Latin American Social Movements Theory and Research A. Escobar. The Making Of Collective Identities * "I Dreamed of Foxes and Hawks'': Reflections on Peasant Protest, New Social Movements, and the Rondas Campesinas of Northern Peru Orin Starn. * From Resistance to Social Movement: The Indigenous Authorities Movement in Colombia Mara Teresa Findji. * Power, Gender, and Development: Popular Women's Organizations and the Politics of Needs in Ecuador Amy Conger Lind. * The Venezuelan Ecology Movement: Symbolic Effectiveness, Social Practices, and Political Strategies Mara Pilar Garca. * Rethinking the Study of Social Movements: The Case of Christian Base Communities in Urban Brazil John Burdick. * Homosexual Identities in Transitional Brazilian Politics Edward MacRae. Articulating Strategies And Democratizing Democracy * Feminisms in Latin America: From Bogot to San Bernardo Nancy Saporta Sternbach, Marysa Navarro-Aranguren, Patricia Chuchryk, and S. E. Alvarez. * The Evolution of Urban Popular Movements in Mexico Between 1968 and 1988 Vivienne Bennett. * Radical Opposition Parties and Squatters Movements in Pinochet's Chile Cathy Schneider. * Democratization and the Decline of Urban Social Movements in Uruguay: A Political-Institutional Account Eduardo Canel. * Popular Movements in the Context of the Consolidation of Democracy in Brazil Ruth Corra Leite Cardoso. * Social Movements and Political Power in Latin America Orlando Fals Borda. * Conclusion: Theoretical and Political Horizons of Change in Contemporary Latin American Social Movements S. E. Alvarez and A. Escobar. *

Imagining a Post-Development Era? Critical Thought, Development and Social Movements

Abstract: For some time now, it has been difficult at times even impossible to talk about development, protest or revolution with the same confidence and encompassing scope with which intellectuals and activists spoke about these vital matters in our most recent past. It is as if the elegant discourses of the 1960s the high decade of both Development and Revolution had been suspended, caught in mid air as they strove toward their zenith, and, like fragile bubbles, exploded, leaving a scrambled trace of their glorious path behind. Hesitantly perhaps, but with a persistance that has to be taken seriously, a new discourse has set in. Where one spoke of Development or its flip side, Revolution one is now allowed to speak a very different language: that of the "crisis" of development, on the one hand, and "new social actors" and "new social movements," on the other. In fact, many scholars seem to be proposing a radical reinterpretation of social and political reality based on a new set of categories such as "alternative development," new identities, radical pluralism, historicity and hegemony. In the previous period, from the early post-War years to the end of the 1970s, the relation between truth and reality that characterized political discourse was relatively clear and direct. Development was chiefly a matter of capital, technology, and education and the appropriate policy and planning mechanisms to successfully combine these elements. Resistance, on the other hand, was primarily a class issue and a question of imperialism. Nowadays, this transparency has been muddled, and even imperialism and class are thought to be the object of innumerable mediations. But while research and inquiry into the nature of resistance and political practice have been quite alive and growing, the same is not true for the area of development. A new problematization of the nature of popular resistance and mobilization, and of intellectuals' understanding of them, has resulted in new ways of thinking these issues, especially in relation to social movements. The theory of social movements has become, particularly in Western Europe and Latin America, but also increasingly in other parts of the Third World, one of the key arenas for social

Free spaces : the sources of democratic change in America : with a new introduction

Abstract: What are the environments, the public spaces, in which ordinary people become participants in the complex, ambiguous, engaging conversation about democracy: participators in governance rather than spectators or complainers, victims or accomplices? What are the roots, not simply of movements against oppression, but also of those democratic social movements which both enlarge the opportunities for participation and enhance people's ability to participate in the public world? In "Free Spaces," Sara M. Evans and Harry C. Boyte argue for a new understanding of the foundations for democratic politics by analyzing the settings in which people learn to participate in democracy. In their new Introduction, the authors link the concept of free spaces to recent theoretical discussions about community, public life, civil society, and social movements.

New social movements and political opportunities in Western Europe

Abstract: We present a number of concepts and hypotheses concerning the impact of the political opportunity structure on the mobilisation pattern of new social movements in Western Europe The hypotheses refer to the general level of mobilisation in a given country, the general forms and strategies of action employed, the system level at which mobilisation is typically oriented and the development of the level of mobilisation across time The hypotheses are tested in a comparative analysis of France, Germany, the Netherlands and Switzerland The analysis reveals country-specific variations in the mobilisation patterns of new social movements, which are largely in line with the theoretical expectations and serve to confirm the relevance of the political process approach for the study of social movements

Dramaturgy and Social Movements: The Social Construction and Communication of Power

Abstract: The sociology of social movements currently lacks a conceptual framework to understand collective attempts to construct and reconstruct definitions of power. This defic-iency highlights a paradox. On the one hand, movement activists devote considerable time articulating their under-standing of power relations. Movement scholars, on the other hand, have generally neglected the processes by which these meanings are developed, sustained, and transformed.

A Hero for the Aged? The Townsend Movement, the Political Mediation Model, and U.S. Old-Age Policy, 1934-1950.

Abstract: During the Depression, the Townsend movement enjoyed varied success in seeking pensions for the aged. Social-movement models predict that success depends on the mobilization of resources or on collective action. Other theories predict that economic or political conditions cause the emergence of movements and changes in public spending. The political mediation model used here holds that, to succeed, a movement must reinforce political action with strong organization of members under favorable political conditions. This article defines "success" and employs various analytical and empirical strategies, including qualitative comparative analysis on state level data, to appraise the models. Although each perspective has some support, the political mediation model offers the best explanation of the patterns of successes. The state and the political party system determine whether mobilization and action benefit a constituency and win acceptance for a movement organization.

Challenging the political order : new social and political movements in western democracies

Abstract: Part 1 Introduction: the challenge of new movements, Russell Dalton et al. Part 2 The origins of new movements: cyclical aspects of new social movements, Karl-Werner Brand cultural change and new movements, Ronald Inglehart neo-corporatism and the rise of new social movements, Frank Wilson social movements and political innovation, Max Kaase. Part 3 Networks of action: the West European peace movement and the theory of new social movements, Thomas Rochon linking the "Old" and "New" movement networks in the Netherlands, P.Bert feminism and political action, Joyce Gelb the strategies and action repertoires of new movements, Dieter Rucht. Part 4 New movements and political parties: new social movements and the decline of party organizations, Herbert Kitscheld new political movements and new politics parties in Western europe, Ferdinand Muller-Rommel reflections on the institutional self-transformation of movement politics, Claus Offe the phantom at the opera, Sidney Tarrow. Part 5 New social movements in perspective: new social movements and the political order, Manfred Kuechler.

Green Ambivalence about Science: Legal-Rational Authority and the Scientific Legitimation of a Social Movement

Abstract: Unlike many social movements, the environmental movement has a profound dependence on scientific evidence and scientific expertise. Without modern science no-one would know about the ozone layer, much less about the well publicized « holes » in it. Yet, at the same time, many within the green movement are distrustful of scientific authority and of the fruits of technology. This paper examines the way this incipient paradox affects the environmental movement and analyses, through case-study material, the practical implications of the movement's dependence on science

From Pedagogy to Ideology: Origins and Phases of Home Education in the United States, 1970-1990

Abstract: The recent emergence of home education is linked to the influence of educational reformers who published in the late 1960s and the early 1970s. This article examines the evolving milieu of home education since 1970 by briefly surveying the home-school movement in the broader historical context. Developments within the home-school movement and changing perceptions of home schools are also presented. We interpret the dynamics of the home-education arena and trace home education's growth as a rational and legitimate educational choice by increasingly large numbers of families. There are five phases within the 20-year growth period that illustrate the fluid nature of home education as a social movement.

The Politics Of Interests: Interest Groups Transformed

Abstract: Approaches To Interest Groups * The Rediscovery of Interest Group Politics Mark P. Petracca. * A Deliberative Theory of Interest Representation Jane J. Mansbridge. * Interest Groups and the Policymaking Process: Sources of Countervailing Power in America Andrew S. McFarland. * American Interest Groups in Comparative Perspective Graham K. Wilson. The Organization Of Interests * Interest Group Membership and Organizations: Multiple Theories Paul A. Sabatier. * Triangles, Networks, and Hollow Cores: The Complex Geometry of Washington Interest Representation Robert H. Salisbury, John P. Heinz, Robert L. Nelson, and Edward O. Laumann. * Changing Patterns of Interest Group Activity: A Regional Perspective Clive S. Thomas and Ronald J. Hrebenar. * The Political Mobilization of Business David Plotke. Political Institutions And Interest Groups * Organized Interests and the Nations Capitol John T. Tierney. * Interest Group Mobilization and the Presidency Mark A. Peterson. * Representing the Public Interest: Consumer Groups and the Presidency Joan Lucco. * Conservative Interest Group Litigation in the Reagan Era and Beyond Karen OConnor and Bryant Scott McFall. Interest Group Activity And Influence * Social Movements as Interest Groups: The Case of the Womens Movement Anne N. Costain. * Money, Technology, and Political Interests: The Direct Marketing of Politics R. Kenneth Godwin. * The Rise and Fall of Special Interest Politics Paul E. Peterson. Looking Ahead * The Future of an Interest Group Society M. P. Petracca. *

Shaping Melbourne's future? : town planning, the state, and civil society

Abstract: Part I. Introduction: 1. Melbourne in the early 1990s 2. Approach to the study Part II. The Evolution of Melbourne and its Planning: 3. An historical perspective 4. The early days: depression, war and recovery 5. The 'Long Boom' and the 1954 planning scheme 6. Transition and turbulence in the 'Whitlam years' 7. The recession bites 8. Strategies for coping or recovery 9. Urban change and planning, 1929-1990 Part III. Structure and Agency in the Social Construction of Melbourne: 10. A socio-political perspective 11. The activities of capital 12. Communities, households and social movements: a countervailing force? 13. The political parties, the state and the bureaucracies 14. The built-environment professionals 15. The legal and statutory framework 16. Frameworks of power Part IV. Space, Plans, Controls and Outcomes: 17. A geographical perspective 18. The macro level: strategic planning intentions and outcomes for Melbourne as a whole 19. The meso level: intentions and outcomes in two segments of the region 20. The micro level: intentions and outcomes in localities 21. Land-use planning and the social construction of built form Part V. Conclusions and Summary: 22. Conclusions 23. Summary Bibliography Index.

WOMEN'S MOVEMENTS AND STATE POLICY REFORM AIMED AT DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN:: A Comparison of the Consequences of Movement Mobilization in the U.S. and India

Abstract: This article compares the social movement mobilization that led to reforms in police and judicial handling of battering in the United States to the movement ideology, organization, and tactics that resulted in analogous policy reform in the processing of dowry burnings and beatings in India. Using field notes and secondary sources from both countries, the article examines how both movements redefined violence against women in families as a public issue, then looks at how movement demands affected policy reform in each country. The analysis questions the current conceptualization of social movement success. Social movements theory assumes that entry into the polity of liberal, democratic states constitutes success in the sense of social change. Yet the cases analyzed suggest that assumptions about the gender neutrality of state response to movements prevents researchers from critically examining the outcomes of social movement mobilization. Moreover, institutionalization of women's movement demands and org...

Global Structures and Political Processes in the Study of Domestic Political Conflict

Abstract: The comparative study of domestic political conflict has experienced a paradigm shift with the replacement of theories emphasizing deprivation and system imbalance with theories of the political and structural sources of protest and rebellion. This review summarizes criticisms of the earlier theories, arguing that these have been subsumed by newer theories that focus on the relationships between political processes, the state, the capitalist world economy, the inter-state system and the origins and dynamics of social protest and political rebellion. We outline two useful approaches: a political process theory that emphasizes the impact of internal political institutions and processes, such as political exclusion, indigenous organization, and political opportunity structures; and theories of global structures that focus on the external or international processes of incorporation into the capitalist world economy, the social effects of foreign capital penetration, and political dependence on core states. Fi...

Postmodernism, Protest, and the New Social Movements

Abstract: My subject is postmodern politics and law, protest from below, and the "new" social movements. The question I am concerned with is the value of postmodernism for transformative politics. Scholars concerned with the struggles of subordinate groups have long emphasized protest from below. Accounts of the resistance of blacks and poor people became prominent in the 1960s. This tradition, joined by feminists, gays and lesbians, as well as others, continued in the 1980s. The new social movements are, roughly, environmental, antinuclear, peace, feminist, and gay and lesbian. Whether these broad movements are "new" or variations of older movements is much debated.

Women's Social Movement Involvement: The Role of Structural Availability in Recruitment and Participation Processes

Abstract: Data derived from three years of field work illuminate women's participation in a working class, community-based environmental protest organization. Findings show that (1) initial recruitment occur...

Globalization, knowledge and society : readings from International sociology

Abstract: Foreword - Margaret S Archer Introduction - Martin Albrow TOWARDS A UNIVERSAL SOCIAL SCIENCE Resisting the Revival of Relativism - Margaret S Archer Sociology as the Defetishisation of Modernity - Agnes Heller Conceptual Frameworks in Comparative Inquiry - Divergent or Convergent? - Piotr Sztompka INTERNATIONALISING SOCIOLOGY Sociology's Great Leap Forward - Edward A Tiryakian The Challenge of Internationalisation The Application of Participatory-Action Research in Latin America - Orlando Fals Borda CREATING INDIGENOUS SOCIOLOGIES Contributions to the Sociology of Knowledge from an African Oral Poetry - Akinsola A Akiwowo Asuwada Principle - M Akin Makinde An Analysis of Akiwowo's Contributions to the Sociology of Knowledge from an African Perspective Towards an African Sociological Tradition - O B Lawuyi and Olufemi Taiwo A Rejoinder to Akiwowo and Makinde ONE WORLD SOCIETY Societal Development, or Development of the World-System? - Immanuel Wallerstein Rent-Seeking or Dependency as Explanations of Why Poor People Stay Poor - Erich Weede An Operational Analysis of the Phenomenon of the Other Underdevelopment in the Arab World and in the Third World - Mahmoud Dhaouadi Occidental Reason, Orientalism, Islamic Fundamentalism - Mona Abaza and Georg Stauth A Critique RLD MOVEMENTS The Green Movement - Johan Galtung A Socio-Historical Exploraton The Peace Movement - Artur Meier Some Questions Concerning its Social Nature and Structure Social Movements and Social Change in Self-Creative Socety - Zsuzsa Hegedus New Civil Initiatives in the International Arena

Beyond Social Movements

Abstract: All of us employ the term `social movements’ in such different ways that our debates are often artificial. Even more clearly, historical analyses of the current situation of any given country and of factors favourable or unfavourable to the formation of social movements are almost meaningless. One must therefore replace this exceedingly vague expression by a precise representation of social dynamics. Without in any way attempting to impose one conception over against others, I wish to examine the historical context of that conception of social life that views it as simultaneously collective action, operation of society on itself, and organized around a central social conflict, opposing those who direct the self-production and transformation of society and those who are subjected to its effects. This conception cannot be identified with a particular current of thought. Rather, Marxist and post-Marxist thought has long been one of the most widespread expressions of this representation. One encounters this representation every time that the notion of social class is employed (at least as this notion is customarily used in Europe), but also every time that society is defined as industrial — that is, by a mode of production. This is the case even when these expressions are in no way associated with a Marxist form of thought.

Hollow Hopes, Flypaper, and Metaphors

Abstract: This is a good book, a fine book. It joins the ranks of three other outstanding books that have systemically explored the role of courts in effecting social change, Donald Horowitz's Courts and Social Policy, Joel Handler's Social Movements and the Legal System, and Stuart Scheingold's The Politics of Rights.1 This is a good company. Indeed, the book builds on the strengths and insights of each of these earlier volumes and, as a consequence, is both more tightly organized and systematic than they are. But the book is also wrong. It fails to make its central arguments convincingly, and it wholly fails to address the central problematics it reveals. In this essay I shall try to explain why at the same time Rosenberg's book is both important and wrong.

Understanding the New Labor Movements in the "Third World": The Emergence of Social Movement Unionism:

Abstract: A new type of trade unionism has emerged in a number of "Third World" countries, which can best be described as "social movement unionism." This category seeks to understand the role of trade unions in promoting radical social change in a manner that goes beyond both the prevailing "bourgeois" and Leninist conceptions of unions. This paper refines this concept and then applies it to a case study of the Kilusang Mayo Uno (KMU) Labor Center of the Philippines.