Showing papers on "Sodium propionate published in 1995"

Review and an experimental study on the physiological and quantitative aspects of gluconeogenesis in lactating ruminants

Abstract: A short review describes quantitative aspects of glucose metabolism in lactating ruminants, including the contribution of different substrates to glucose synthesis as affected by nutritional and hormonal regulation. Gluconeogenesis from propionate (the major gluconeogenic substrate in the fed state) is mainly regulated by feed intake and increased propionate availability and is less affected by insulin and glucagon. Quantitative estimates of amino acid contribution to glucose synthesis are highly variable (from 2 to 40% of glucose flux), but no conclusive data exist by which this large variation can be explained. An experimental model is described by which nutrient exchanges across the liver as well as the contribution of different substrates to glucose synthesis can be quantitated. The novel approach is continuous infusion of differently labelled (3H and 14C) gluconeogenic substrates into multi-catheterized goats. Results are reported from a preliminary experiment using this model. A goat in mid-lactation was fed hay ad libitum, and the experimental treatments were continuous infusion into a mesenteric vein of either sodium propionate or a complete mixture of amino acids. Measurements were nutrient exchanges across portal-drained viscera and liver, whole body glucose flux rate, and hepatic gluconeogenesis from propionate, lactate and glycerol. Glucose synthesis from amino acids was estimated by difference. Net portal appearance and hepatic uptake of propionate and of amino acids were increased by propionate and amino acid infusions, respectively. Glucose flux rate and hepatic glucose output were not affected by treatments. With propionate infusion, the proportions of liver glucose derived from propionate and amino acids were 62 and 19%, respectively. With amino acid infusion, the corresponding figures were 24 and 36%. Glucagon concentration in portal blood plasma was 2.7 times higher on the amino acid than on the propionate treatment. It is concluded that the hepatic metabolism of propionate and glucogenic amino acids into glucose synthesis is regulated to a great extent by the availability of these substrates, and that glucagon may be involved in this regulation. It is further concluded that the described experimental approach is suitable for investigations of nutrient absorption and hepatic gluconeogenesis.

Effect of organics on the photodeposition of copper in titanium dioxide aqueous suspensions

Abstract: Semiconductor photoelectrochemistry has been explored in many processes including organic destruction and metal removal in aqueous waste streams. The effect of the organic hole scavenger on copper photodeposition at TiO{sub 2} was investigated as a function of organic concentration and pH. Copper photodeposition was observed in solutions containing sodium formate, sodium oxalate, citric acid, disodium-EDTA, methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, 2-propanol, n-butanol, propiolic acid, isobutyric acid, chloroacetic acid, or DL-lysine monochloride. No copper photodeposition was observed in solutions containing sodium acetate, sodium propionate, sodium butyrate, tert-butyl alcohol, acetone, salicylic acid, ethyl acetate, dichloroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, methyl propionate, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, phenol, vinyl acetate, chloroform, trichloroethylene, dichloroethane, triethylamine, ethylenediamine, or methylhydroquinone. For solutions containing organics in which copper photodeposition did not occur, addition of small amounts of sodium formate resulted in photodeposition of the copper. The rates of copper photodeposition and subsequent oxidation of the photoreduced copper with oxygen were dependent on the organic hole scavenger. Powder X-ray diffraction was used in an attempt to determine the reduced copper species formed on the TiO{sub 2}.

Effect of sodium acetate or sodium propionate with edta and ascorbic acid on the inactivation of listeria monocytogenes

Abstract: Several organic acids or salts approved as food additives enhance the inactivation of foodborne pathogens such as Listeria monocytogenes. Although there has been research on the effects of individual organic acids on the inactivation kinetics of L. monocytogenes, little information exists on their activity when used in combination with other food additives. We undertook to characterize the effects of combinations of 90% sodium acetate or sodium propionate, two salts that inhibit L. monocytogenes, with 8% EDTA (disodium salt) and 2% ascorbic acid on the nonthermal inactivation of a three-strain mixture of L. monocytogenes. Activity was assessed in Brain Heart Infusion broth (BHI) at various concentrations (0.0–2.0% w/v), pH values (3.0–4.5) and temperatures (4–28C). Samples were removed periodically for up to 175 days and viable counts determined. Survivor curves were generated using a logistics-based inactivation model and used to calculate “time to a 4-D (99.99%) inactivation”(t4-D). The rate of inactivation was directly related to concentration of the acid mixture and temperature of incubation and inversely related to pH. The primary factor effecting inactivation rates was pH, followed by the concentration of the undissociated form of the primary organic acid (acetic or propionic). Evaluation of the mixture components individually and in combination indicated the components acted largely in an additive manner. The results indicate that combinations of primary and secondary organic acids and EDTA may have advantages for enhancing the inactivation of L. monocytogenes in refrigerated, mildly acidic foods, while avoiding organoleptic effects associated with excessive levels of single acids.

Short chain fatty acid absorption from the human distal colon: interactions between acetate, propionate and calcium.

Abstract: Our purpose was to conduct a preliminary study to see if propionate and calcium affected acetate absorption, and acetate and calcium affected propionate absorption from the human distal colon.We studied six healthy subjects on eight occasions in randomized order after overnight fasts. Test solutions (300 ml) were infused into the rectum, retained for 30 minutes, and then the infusion fluid was collected for analysis. The infusion solutions contained combinations of sodium acetate (56.25 mmol/L), sodium propionate (18.75 mmol/L) and calcium chloride (50 mmol/L) plus polyethylene glycol (PEG) as an unabsorbable marker.The reduction in the acetate:PEG concentration ratio over 30 minutes after acetate alone, 4.1 +/− 4.2, was significantly less than after acetate plus propionate, 40.2 +/− 11.9, and acetate plus calcium, 34.0 +/− 8.9 (p < 0.05). However, the change in acetate:PEG ratio when acetate, propionate and calcium were all infused together, 13.2 +/− 4.6, was no different from acetate alone. The reductio...

Biosynthesis of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-Co-3-hydroxyvalerate) by a mutant of Sphaerotilus natans

Abstract: The copolyester of 3-hydroxybutyrate and 3- hydroxyvalerate was synthesized from the combined carbon sources of glucose and sodium propionate by a filamentaion-defective mutant of Sphaerotilus natans, which is a typical filamentous bacterium often found in activated sludge. The 3-hydroxyvalerate content in the produced polymer increased with increasing concentrations of propionate. Cell growth and polyester synthesis were observed even when 0.6% sodium propionate was added to the medium, when the 3-hydroxyvalerate content in the polymer produced was about 60 mol%. The monomer composition of the copolymer was also varied by aeration conditions, time of propionate feeding, and cultivation time. This strain flocculated in accordance with cell growth, allowing rapid and convenient separation of the biomass from the culture fluid.

Effects of intravenous injection and intraperitoneal continual administration of sodium propionate on serum cholesterol levels in rats.

Abstract: To examine the effects of sodium propionate on serum cholesterol levels, rats were given sodium propionate intravenously and intraperitonealy. Six-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were kept on a cholesterol-free semisynthetic diet for 2 weeks, fasted, and given 400 microliters of saline solution intravenously supplemented with 0.01-10 mg sodium propionate. Three hours after injection of 1 mg of sodium propionate, the serum total-cholesterol level was significantly reduced (85.4 +/- 4.0 mg/dl) compared with its starting level (102 +/- 3.4 mg/dl), with the reducing effect lasting for 24 h. The intensity of the reduction increased proportionately with increased sodium propionate concentrations from 0.01 to 1 mg. Next, to evaluate the influence of continual sodium propionate administration on serum cholesterol levels, 6-week-old male rats were implanted with an osmotic pump intraperitonealy (ALZET Model 2ML2, pumping rate: 5.0 microliter/h; duration: 14 days; reservoir volume: 2,000 microliters). At day 14, serum total-cholesterol levels were reduced by continual sodium propionate administration at both 0.12 and 1.2 mg/day. The maximum percentage change in the serum total-cholesterol level was 78.5 +/- 6.7% of its starting level (111 +/- 7.1 mg/dl), observed at 1.2 mg/day at day 7. These results indicate that sodium propionate can reduce serum total-cholesterol levels in vivo.

Printing ink-essence and its making method

Abstract: The printing ink consists of rice powder or wheat flour, maize meal, starch and colouring material and assistant bentonite or talcum powder, calcium carbonate, borax or sodium propionate, calcium propionate, sodium benzoate or ortho-phenyl sodium phenolate, sodium (pottassium) hydroxide and sodium (calcium) nitrate. The rice meal, etc. and colouring material, bentonite or talcum powder, powdered calcium carbonate, borax or sodium propionate, calcium propionate, sodium benzoate or ortho-phenyl sodium phenolate are mixed and ground, and quantitatively packed, and the sodium (potassium) hydroxide and sodium (calcium) nitrate are respectively packaged and packed. It is applicable to scree printing of corrugated paper box, paper bag, poster and packing fabrics, and its colouring power is strong.

New delta-lactone and its production

Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain a new compound useful, e.g. as synthetic intermediate for a perfume, etc. CONSTITUTION:A compound of formula I (R is a 1-10C hydrocarbon), e.g. 5- hydroxy-trans-5-heptenoic acid-delta-lactone. Further, the compound of formula I is obtained by reacting a compound of formula II with an organic peracid, e.g. peroxyformic acid or hydrogen peroxide in an organic acid, e.g. acetic acid in the presence of an organic acid salt of formula III (R is a 1-4C hydrocarbon; M is alkali metal) e.g. sodium propionate.