Showing papers on "Sodium sulfite published in 1970"

Agents for improving the fastness to wet processing

Abstract: Process for improving the fastness to wet processing of dyeings obtained on synethetic polyamides with anionic and/or cationic dyestuffs wherein the dyeings are aftertreated with aqueous liquors containing condensation products of a higher molecular weight prepared from (a) 4,4'-dioxydiphenyl-sulphon, (b) formaldehyde and (c) phenol sulphonic acid, naphthalene sulphonic acid, sodium sulfite or sodium hydrogen sulfite, using the components (a), (b) and (c) in a molecular ratio of 1:0.7-1.1:0.7-0.2.

Preparation and properties of sodium alkyl β-sulfopropionates

Abstract: A series of sodium alkyl β-sulfopropionates containing 11 to 17 carbon atoms was prepared from β-bromopropionic acid, sodium sulfite and even-numbered straight chain alcohols of 8 to 14 carbon atoms. The Krafft point, critical micelle concentration (cmc), emulsifying power, calcium ion stability and resistance to acid hydrolysis were determined. Sodium alkyl β-sulfopropionates, in which the ester linkage (hydrophilic group) is moved toward a more central position in the alkyl chain, have higher cmc values and lower Krafft points than the corresponding sodium alkyl sulfoacetates. The sodium alkyl β-sulfopropionates were less stable toward hydrolysis than the sodium alkyl sulfoacetates because the adjacent sulfo group in the sulfoacetates protects the ester linkage through steric hindrance. The emulsifying power increases, but the calcium ion stability decreases, with increasing alkyl chain length for a series of sodium alkyl β-sulfopropionates.

The Photometric Determination of Minute Amounts of Iodine in Silicate Rocks

Abstract: A rapid and sensitive method for the determination of minute amounts of iodine in silicate rocks has been developed. A rock was fused with potassium hydroxide, and the cake was treated with water and sulfuric acid. The iodine in the solution was reduced to iodide by sodium sulfite, and was then oxidized to free iodine by sodium nitrite. The free iodine thus obtained was extracted with carbon tetrachloride and then back-extracted with a sodium hydroxide solution. The iodine in this aqueous layer was determined photometrically by a method based on the catalytic effect of iodine on the color-fading of ferric thiocyanate. By the proposed method, amounts of iodine as low as 0.007 μg in a 1-g sample of silicate rocks can be determined. Application to some igneous rock samples gave results with a relative standard deviation of less than 7.2%, except for very low concentrations.

Glass manufacture employing sodium sulfite

Abstract: Process of melting a glass batch in order to reduce the number and size of seeds which are present in the final glass product by adding a minor but effective amount, on the order of 0.015 to 1.8 percent by weight, of sodium sulfite to the glass batch charged to a glass furnace.

Continuous production of anthranilic acid

Abstract: 1. A PROCESS FOR THE CONTINUOUS PRODUCTION OF ANTHRANILIC ACID WHICH COMPRISES REACTING A STRATING COMPOUND SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF THE ALKALI METAL SALTS OF PHTHALAMIC OF STAGES, THE FRIST REACTION AQUEOUS MEDIUM IN A PLURALITY OF STAGES, THE REACTION STAGES FOR CONVERTING THE STARTING COMPOUND INTO THE ALKALI METAL SALT OF PHENYL ISOCYANATE-2-CARBOXYLIC ACID BEING CARRIED OUT UNDER SUBSTANTIALLY ADIABATIC CONDITIONS WHILE SUBSTANTIALLY AVOIDING ANY BACKMIXING, THE RESULTING REACTION MIXTURE BEING IMMEDIATELY WITHDRAWN FROM THE REACTION ZONE OF SAID FIRST STAGES AND THEN SUPPLIED SUBSTNATIALLY WITHOUT BACKMIXING TO THE REACTION ZONE OF AT LEAST ONE SUBSEQUENT STAGE FOR HYDROLYSIS AND DECARBOXYLATION OF SAID PHENYL ISOCYANATE-2-CARBOXYLIC ACID INTO ANTHRANILLIC ACID, A REDUCING AGENT SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF SODIUM BOROHYDRIDE, LITHIUM TRIETHOXY ALUMINUM HYDRIDE, SODIUM SULFIDE, SODIUM HYDROGEN SULFIDE, AMMONIUM SULFIDE, SULFUROUS ACID, SULFUR DIOXIDE, SODIUM DITHIONITE, SODIUM, THIOSULFATE, SODIUM FORMALDEHYDE SULFOXYLATE, THIOUREA DIOXIDE, HYDRAZINE AND ITS SALTS, GLUCOSE SODIUM SULFITE AND SODIUM BISULFATE BEING ADDED TO THE REACTION MIXTURE WITHDRAWN FROM THE REACTION ZONE OF SAID FIRST STAGES AND BEFORE THE REACTION HAS BEEN COMPLETED.

Methods for the treatment of spent sulfite pulping liquors and the recovery of chemical pulping values therefrom

Abstract: IMPROVED PROCESSES FOR THE TREATMENT OF SPENT PULPING LIQUORS AND THE RECOVERY OF SULFITE VALUES THEREFROM WHEREIN THE DISCLOSURE SETS FORTH A FIRST METHOD CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF THE COMBINED PROCESS OF PYROLYZING AND TREATING IN A FLUIDIZED BED A SPENT NEUTRAL SEMI-SULFITE LIQUOR IN A SINGLE APPARATUS; THEN, TRANSFERRING THE GASEOUS PRODUCT TO A SEPARATOR FOR REMOVING ENTRAINED PARTICLES FOR RETURN TO THE FLUIDIZED BED WHERE THE PARTICLES ARE CONVERTED TO SODIUM CARBONATE FOLLOWED BY A REMOVAL OF THE SODIUM CARBONATE FROM THE BED FOR SCRUBBING GASES TO ABSORB SULFUR DIOXIDE TO PRODUCE SODIUM SULFITE, AND WHEREIN THE PROCESS FURTHER CONSISTS OF RECIRCULATING THE HOT GASES PRODUCED IN THE COMBINED PYROLYZING FLUIDIZED BED TREATMENT AFTER THE ENTRAINED PARTICLES HAVE BEEN SEPARATED IN THE CYCLONE SEPARATOR BY CONVEYING SOME OF THE GASES TO THE FLUIDIZED BED AND ALSO BURNING SOME OF THE GASES IN A FURNACE TO PRODUCE SULFUR DIOXIDE, WHICH IS THEN ABSORBED IN A SOLUTION OF SODIUM CARBONATE FROM THE FLUIDIZED BED TO PRODUCE SODIUM SULFITE. THE SECOND PROCESS DESCRIBED IN THE INVENTION RELATES TO PYROLYZING A SPENT LIQUOR IN A PYROLYZING CHAMBER FOLLOWED BY SEPARATING THE ENTRAINED PARTICLES IN A CYCLONE SEPARATOR AND CONVEYING SAID SEPA- RATED PARTICLES TO A MULTISTAGE FLUIDIZED BED TO PRODUCE A SOLID PRODUCT CONSISTING PRIMARILY OF SODIUM CARBONATE AND GASEOUS PRODUCTS, WHICH GASEOUS PRODUCTS ARE CONVEYED FROM THE FLUIDIZED BED TO THE PUROLYZING CHAMBER FOR TREATMENT OF THE INCOMING SPENT PULPING LIQUOR. THE GASES PRODUCED IN THE PYROLYZING CHAMBER ARE CONVEYED FROM THE CYCLONE TO A RECIRCULATING SYSTEM WITH SOME OF THE SAID GASES BEING TRANSPORTED BACK INTO THE PYROLYZING CHAMBER MIXED WITH THE GASES FROM COMBUSTION OF THE SOLID PARTICLES ENTERING THE FLUIDIZED BED FROM THE CYCLONE, AND THE REMAINING GASES TRANSPORTED TO A RECOVERY BOILER FOR CONVERSION OF THE SULFUR COMPOUNDS TO SULFUR DIOXIDE, WHICH IS THEN SCRUBBED WITH A SOLUTION OF SODIUM CARBONATE FROM THE FLUIDIZED BED REACTOR, FOR REGENERATION OF SODIUM SULFITE FOR PREPARATION OF A PULPING LIQUOR. IN BOTH OF THESE PROCESSES, THE RECIRCULATION OF THE PYROLYTIC GASES INTO THE PYROLYSIS CHAMBER AIDS IN MAINTAINING AN IMPROVED, MORE EFFECTIVE AND ECONOMICAL PYROLYSIS SYSTEM.

Adjuvant composition for concretes and mortars

Abstract: Adjuvant composition for concretes and mortars adapted to be dissolved in the mixing water. This composition consists basically of an aqueous mixture of at least four inorganic salts, viz, a borate, a sulfite, a nitrate, and a hyposulfite. Particularly, it comprises sodium borate, sodium sulfite, potassium nitrate and sodium hyposulfite. A particular formulation is as follows: WATER500 M/SODIUM BORATE5 G SODIUM SULFITE20 G POTASSIUM NITRATE160 G SODIUM HYPOSULFITE 800 G Applications to the production of mortars, concretes, aggregate, and any constructional material.

Digesting lignocellulosic material with sodium hydroxymethylsulfonate

Abstract: IMPROVEMENT IN A PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING HIGH YEILD PULP IN WHICH COOKING TREATMENT AND MECHANICAL DEFIBRATION FOR LINOCELLULOSIC MATERIAL ARE COMBINED, SAID COOKING TREATMENT BEING CARRIED OUT IN ALKALINE CONDITION EMPLOYING A SULFOMETHYLATION AGENT WHICH IS PRODUCED FROM ADMIXING SODIUM SULFITE AND/OR SODIUM BISULFITE, FORMALDEHYDE AND WATER, SAID MECHANICAL DEFIBRATION BEING CARRIED OUT EITHER BEFORE OR AFTER THE COOKING.

Products of the Reaction of 2, 4-Xylenol with Formaldehyde and Sodium Sulfite

Abstract: Reaction of 2, 4-xylenol with formalin and sodium sulfite was carried out under the pressure 1.82.0 kg/cm' at 125°C.From the reaction mixtures, 2, 2'-dihydroxy-3, 5, 3', 5'-tetramethyldiphenylmethane (1), 2-hydroxy-3, 5-dimethylbenzylalcohol (2), 2, 4-xylenol-6-methanesulfonate (3) and unreacted 2, 4-xylenol (4) were separated and identified.The amounts of each component in the reaction mixtures with elapse of reaction time were determined by thin layer chromatography.The results of the above chromatographic quantitative analyses showed that 2, 4 xylenol reacted with both formaldehyde and formaldehydebisulfite, which was produced from formalin with sodium sulfite.After 4.5 hr the products formed were (1) 73.40%, (2) 1.83%, (3) 20.18/0, (4) 1.83% and four other unidentified products.