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Showing papers on "Sodium sulfite published in 2002"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the corrected phosphorescence spectrum of manganese(II) sulfate in a solution of sodium hexametaphosphate at 77 K exhibited two peaks with maxima at 688 and 730 nm.

75 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Jiaxi Xu1
TL;DR: In this article, the mechanism for the transformation of α-amino alcohol methanesulfonate hydrochlorides into 2-alkylaziridine using sodium sulfite was investigated.
Abstract: The mechanism for the transformation of α-amino alcohol methanesulfonate hydrochlorides into sodium β-amino alkanesulfonates using sodium sulfite was investigated. The results show that sodium sulfite initially neutralizes the α-amino alcohol methanesulfonate hydrochloride to give a free β-amino alcohol methanesulfonate, which then cyclizes to a 2-alkylaziridine. Attack by the previously formed sodium bisulfite at the less hindered carbon atom of the aziridine ring then yields a β-amino alkanesulfate sodium salt. Based on this mechanistic proposal, a new and rapid asymmetric synthesis of ( R )- and ( S )-2-aminoalkanesulfonic acids from chiral amino alcohols was developed. Chiral amino alcohols were converted to chiral aziridines through the Wenker method or Mitsunobu reaction and the resulting aziridines were reacted with sodium bisulfite to produce chiral α-amino alkanesulfonic acids.

61 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The impact of dissolved wastewater constituents on the treatment of synthetic phenol solutions using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and hydrogen peroxide was investigated under a variety of reaction conditions as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The impact of dissolved wastewater constituents on the treatment of synthetic phenol solutions using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and hydrogen peroxide was investigated under a variety of reaction conditions. The constituents studied included various inorganic salts, organic compounds and heavy metals. Higher H2O2 doses were required to treat phenol in the presence of sodium sulfite, thiosulfate and sulfide; however, enhanced levels of phenol conversion were achieved once sufficient H2O2 was supplied. Sulfide and cyanide inhibited phenol transformation. The inhibition of sulfide was overcome by supplying sufficient H2O2 to oxidize the sulfide to sulfur. However, increasing the H2O2 dose was ineffective in attempting to overcome the strong inhibiting effect of cyanide. Among the heavy metal ions tested, only Mn(II) substantially inhibited phenol removal when it was present at a concentration of 1 mmol dm−3. The presence of inorganic salts including NaCl, CaCl2, MgCl2, NH4Cl and (NH4)2SO4 reduced phenol conversion as compared with the treatment in distilled-deionized water. This can be attributed to the increased ionic strength of the solution. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry

35 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
R. Chi, Guocai Zhu, S. Xu, J. Tian, J. Liu1, Zhenghe Xu1 
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of reaction temperature, mechanical agitation rate, sulfuric acid dosage, and feed particle size on leaching kinetics was examined using shrinking core model and an apparent activation energy of 11.5 kJ/mol for manganese reduction leaching was estimated.
Abstract: The kinetics of manganese reduction leaching in an acidic medium from a weathered rare-earth mud (WREM) were investigated. Using sodium sulfite as a reductant, the effect of reaction temperature, mechanical agitation rate, sulfuric acid dosage, and feed particle size on leaching kinetics were examined. The leaching process can be described by the shrinking-core model. An apparent activation energy of 11.5 kJ/mol for manganese reduction leaching is estimated. The diffusion of reactants and leaching products through a porous ore matrix was found to be the rate-limiting step. An empirical equation relating the manganese leaching rate constant with feed-particle size and leaching temperature was established. It was found that the smaller the feed-particle size or the higher the leaching temperature, the faster the leaching proceeds, as anticipated. The kinetic process exhibited a self-catalysis characteristic of Mn2+ in the mud. This finding suggests that Mn(III,IV) in the mud was rapidly reduced to Mn2+ during the initial stage of leaching.

29 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors demonstrate that both silica and zinc sulfide supports increase the photocatalytic activity of cadmium sulfide through the presence of a recently found electronic semiconductor-support interaction (SEMSI effect).
Abstract: Cadmium sulfide supported on silica (CdS-x/SiO2, x = 4, 11, 17, 25%) and zinc sulfide (CdS-x/ZnS, x = 5, 10, 20, 30%) was prepared by impregnation with cadmium sulfate and subsequent addition of sodium sulfide. The specific surface areas of the silica and zinc sulfide supported powders are in the range of 188–280 and 95–104 m2 g−1, respectively. After sonication of an aqueous suspension of CdS-17/SiO2 the particle size distribution exhibited two maxima at 22 and 57 µm. In the presence of sodium sulfite the supported cadmium sulfides photocatalyze the reduction of bicarbonate to formate, formaldehyde, and oxalate. Upon polychromatic irradiation (λ ≥ 290 nm) the C1-products formate and formaldehyde were obtained in concentrations of 30–130 µM whereas the C2-product oxalate reached only 1–8 µM. Formaldehyde is not formed through reduction of intermediate formate whereas oxalate is produced via oxidation of the latter. The linear increase of oxalate concentration with coverage can be rationalized by the assumption that dimerization of the intermediate carbon dioxide radical anion does not occur on the cadmium sulfide but in solution or on the silica surface. For zinc sulfide supported samples the coverages of 10, 20, and 30% do not change the photocatalytic activity significantly whereas a loading of 5% induces a 40-fold and 16-fold increase as compared to unmodified cadmium and zinc sulfide, respectively. This strong enhancement suggests that in CdS-05/ZnS the efficiency of charge separation is strongly improved through interparticle electron transfer. The results demonstrate that both silica and zinc sulfide supports increase the photocatalytic activity of cadmium sulfide through the presence of a recently found electronic semiconductor-support interaction (SEMSI effect). Additionally, the low coverage sample CdS-05/ZnS combines this novel effect with the higher charge separation efficiency of a coupled semiconductor system.

25 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a reaction between SbCl3 and elemental selenium with sodium sulfite as reducing reagent in diethylene glycol solution was used to synthesize Sb2Se3 nanowires.
Abstract: Crystalline Sb2Se3 nanowires with a typical width of 30 nm and length up to 8 μm were synthesized through the reaction between SbCl3 and elemental selenium with sodium sulfite as reducing reagent in diethylene glycol solution. The composition of the products was identified using EDX and XPS. The possible reaction mechanism was also discussed.

20 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A cost analysis showed that the economic savings from recovery of CCA chemicals and reduced landfill costs exceeded the variable costs for materials and energy for the process by as much as Can $966 per tonne of sludge if sodium sulfite can be acquired in bulk quantities for theprocess.

19 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a selective and sensitive method for determining napropamide by room-temperature phosphorescence in SDS micelles is proposed and applied to the determination of this substance in a technical formulation and in spiked soil, pepper, and tomato samples.
Abstract: A selective and sensitive method for determining napropamide by room-temperature phosphorescence in SDS micelles is proposed and applied to the determination of this substance in a technical formulation and in spiked soil, pepper, and tomato samples. The use of phosphorescence enhancers such as sodium dodecyl sulfate (micellar agent), thallium (I) nitrate (external heavy atom), and sodium sulfite (deoxygenation agent) was studied and optimized to obtain maximum sensitivity. The determination was performed in 66 mM SDS, 30 mM thallium (I) nitrate, and 8 mM sodium sulfite. Taking into account both maximum phosphorescence intensity and the time required to reach that, a pH value of 7.2 was selected. After the samples were left standing at room temperature for 10 min, the phosphorescence was totally developed. The intensity was then measured at lambda(ex) = 282 nm and lambda(em) = 528 nm. The calibration graph was linear for 50-600 ng mL(-1) napropamide. The detection limit, according to the error propagation theory, was 16 ng mL(-1). The method has been demonstrated for the analysis of soils, peppers, and tomatoes, but, because of matrix interference, the method of standard additions was applied to determine napropamide in the vegetable samples. Recoveries from all these matrixes of added napropamide were near 100%.

18 citations


Patent
08 Mar 2002
TL;DR: In this paper, a fluoropolymer ion exchange membrane has been proposed for fuel cell applications, and a manufacturing method for its fabrication is presented, where the grafting ratio is 10-150% and the ion exchange capacity is 0.3-3.0 meg/g.
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an ion exchange membrane which is a fluoropolymer ion exchange membrane that is at a low cost and has a wide ion exchange capacity and is particularly suitable for a fuel cell. SOLUTION: The fluoropolymer ion exchange membrane has such characteristics that after a specific hydrocarbon based monomer, an acrylic monomer, or a fluoroethylene monomer are cografted with a long-chain branched polytetrafluoroethylene membrane against the fluorine monomer having a halogen group and polymerizable double bond, the halogen group in a cografted chain is made to be a sodium sulfonate group by a solution of sodium sulfite or sodium hydrogen sulfite, and moreover, it is made to be a sulfon acid group, a grafting ratio of the ion exchange membrane is 10-150%, and an ion exchange capacity is 0.3-3.0 meg/g, and a manufacturing method thereof is also provided. COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO

17 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a polytherm section in the KVO3−KCl−H2O system was constructed by means of the potentiometric titration method with prior reduction of vanadium ions with sodium sulfite(IV).
Abstract: Solubility of potassium metavanadate and potassium chloride in aqueous solutions within temperature range of 293 K to 323 K was measured employing the isothermal solution saturation method. The vanadium ion concentration was determined using a spectrophotometric method with hydrogen peroxide. The chloride ion concentration was measured by means of the potentiometric titration method with prior reduction of vanadium ions with sodium sulfite(IV). These results were used to the construction of a polytherm section in the KVO3−KCl−H2O system. Additionally, the density interdependence of equilibrium solutions versus both salt concentrations, expressed in mole fractions, is presented.

11 citations


Patent
13 Nov 2002
TL;DR: In this paper, a process for reclaiming the waste digestion liquid generated in making straw pulp by alkaline (or neutral) sodium sulfite method features that the said waste liquid is physically, chemically and biologically treated to separate out the lignosulfonate, oligose, volatile organic acid and sodium slat, and reclaim them for utilization.
Abstract: A process for reclaiming the waste digestion liquid generated in making straw pulp by alkaline (or neutral) sodium sulfite method features that the said waste liquid is physically, chemically and biologically treated to separate out the lignosulfonate, oligose, volatile organic acid and sodium slat, and reclaim them for utilization When they are used for pulping with combined chemical and chemico-mechanical pulps, the chemico-mechanical pulp waste liquid is effectively treated in the cross circulating mode, and a completely closed production system is constituted Its advantages are low investment, reduced environmental pollution, and high economical effect

Patent
08 May 2002
TL;DR: In this article, dry bamboo shoots are produced through the processes of soaking dry bamboo shoot with 15-30 wt% water content in hot water solution of sodium sulfite at 60-100 deg.c for 30-90 min.
Abstract: Brind dry bamboo shoots is produced through the processes of soaking dry bamboo shoots with 15-30 wt% water content in hot water solution of sodium sulfite at 60-100 deg.c for 30-90 min; boiling in water solution of sodium sulfite and composite phosphate preparation prepared with metaphosphoric acid, polyphosphoric acid and pyrophosphoric acid at 60-100 deg.c for 4-8 hr and letting stand for one night; boiling in hot water and letting stand for one night; soaking in table salt solution of 15-30 wt% concentration for 20-60 min; squeezing to dewater to 20-40 wt% water content; vacuum packing inside high temperature and high pressure resisting plastic bag, disinfection and detection in a metal detector.

Patent
06 Jun 2002
TL;DR: In this article, a macromolecular copolymerization of a specific polycarbon-based monomer, an acrylic monomer or a fluorocarbon-based polymeric monomer is presented.
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a fluorine-based polymer having excellent oxidation resistance and a wide ion-exchanging capacity, and especially applicable to a membrane for a fuel cell or an electrode junction at a low cost. SOLUTION: The fluorine-based macromolecular copolymer is obtained by copolymerizing a specific hydrocarbon-based monomer, an acrylic monomer or a fluorocarbon-based monomer, with a fluorine-based monomer having a halogen group and a polymerizable double bond, converting the halogen group in the copolymer chain to a sodium sulfonate group by a solution of sodium sulfite or sodium hydrogen sulfite, and converting the sodium sulfonate group to a sulfonic acid group. The fluorine-based macromolecular copolymer has 0.3-3.0 meq/g ion exchanging capacity and 0.05-0.3 (Ω×cm) -1 electrical conductivity. The method for producing the fluorine-based macromolecular copolymer is also provided. COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the electrocatalytic determination of SO2 is studied as a function of pH at a glassy carbon electrode modified with iron(II)tetrasulfophthalocyanine ([Fe(II),TSPc]4−).
Abstract: The electrocatalytic determination of SO2 is studied as a function of pH at a glassy carbon electrode modified with iron(II)tetrasulfophthalocyanine ([Fe(II)TSPc]4−). It was found in the literature that depending on pH, SO2·xH2O, HSO3− and/or SO32− are the main compounds in solution, that these compounds behave differently at the electrode surface, and that the condition of the electrode surface is stable over the entire pH-range. The use of SO2(g) or sodium sulfite as starting material did result in identical curves except in the pH range from 7.5–9.0. A possible explanation could be given by proposing that SO2·xH2O is very unstable in the presence of SO32−. In strongly acidic medium, SO2·xH2O is the main compound, which can be oxidized as well as reduced with exchange of two electrons. HSO3− is the main compound at pH = 4 and can also be oxidized and reduced with exchange of, respectively, two and four electrons. In alkaline solution sulfite is the main compound and can only be oxidized, also under exchange of two electrons. Detection limits are in the range of 4.0 ± 0.1 × 10−5 and 7.5 ± 0.1 × 10−5 mol L−1, dependent of pH and of the type of reaction (oxidation or reduction) used.

01 Jan 2002
TL;DR: Based on molecular mechanics, a structure-property relationship between the stability of thiourea and the structure of sodium sulfite was studied by a combination of software calculation of HYPERCHEM6.0 with the experiment of infrared spectrum.
Abstract: Based on molecular mechanics (MM), a structure-property relationship between the stability of alkaline thiourea and the structure of thiourea and sodium sulfite is studied by a combination of software calculation of HYPERCHEM6.0 with the experiment of infrared spectrum. The results show that a double-bond between carbon and nitrogen exists in aqueous thiourea because of isomer. Hydrogen-sulfur bond formed easily decreases the energy of HOMO of thiourea molecular, resulting in the stability of thiourea in acidic medium. It is difficult to form hydrogen-sulfur bond in alkaline thiourea, and the energy of HOMO of thiourea molecular in alkaline medium is obviously higher than that in acidic medium, which causes unstability of alkaline thiourea. Sodium sulfite molecular, however, forms a stable orbicular structure with thiourea molecular through interlink of couple isolated electrons, reducing HOMO value of thiourea, and improving the stability of alkaline thiourea. It is concluded from molecular force field that an efficient stability agent for alkaline thiourea must meet the needs of two conditions, i.e., forming hydrogen-sulfur bond easily and a stable orbicular structure with thiourea molecular in alkaline medium.

Patent
29 Aug 2002
TL;DR: In this article, a saponification method of polyacetic acid vinyl and micro spherical granular poly(vinyl alcohol) prepared by the method are provided, to prepare polyvinyl ethanol from acetic acid acid vinyl directly without separation and drying, thereby allowing the continuous process to be carried out.
Abstract: PURPOSE: A saponification method of polyacetic acid vinyl and micro spherical granular poly(vinyl alcohol) prepared by the method are provided, to prepare poly(vinyl alcohol) from acetic acid vinyl directly without separation and drying, thereby allowing the continuous process to be carried out CONSTITUTION: The saponification method comprises the steps of adding polyacetic acid vinyl prepared by suspension polymerization to the mixture comprising 001-01 mol of methanol, 001-015 mol of a salt selected from the group consisting of NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)2 and LiOH, 001-01 mol of a salt selected from the group consisting of sodium sulfate, sodium sulfite, sodium chloride, calcium sulfate and magnesium sulfate, and 10-25 mol of H2O based on 1 g of polyacetic acid vinyl particle, without the purification, separation and drying of polyacetic acid vinyl; and saponifying it at 0-90 degC The prepared micro spherical granular poly(vinyl alcohol) has a core/shell dual structure comprising a polyacetic acid vinyl core and a shell whose degree of saponification of polyacetic acid vinyl is 20-999%

Patent
24 Apr 2002
TL;DR: The composition of water-plugging agent for oil well contains (wt%) 30-40% of acrylic acid, 45-52% of 30% sodium hydroxide, 14-20% of deionized water, 0.003-0.008% of N,N-methylene-diacrylamide solution,0.4-1.0% of 5% ammonium persulfate solution and 0.2-1 5% sodium sulfite solution as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The composition of water-plugging agent for oil well contains (wt%) 30-40% of acrylic acid, 45-52% of 30% sodium hydroxide, 14-20% of deionized water, 0.003-0.008% of N,N-methylene-diacrylamide solution, 0.4-1.0% of 5% ammonium persulfate solution, 0.2-1.5% of 5% sodium sulfite solution and 0.05-0.2% of Tween-80. They are planced into reactor in turn, stood still and polymerized, and pulverized so as to obtain the invented finished product. In the oil production said invention can change disordered flow or formation water in the oil reservior, and can make oil well obtain stable yield and high yield.

Patent
03 Oct 2002
TL;DR: A method for producing a film for emitting sulfur dioxide, and the film produced thereby, wherein the method comprises the steps of simultaneously extruding a plurality of layers of polymers, wherein a first one of the layers contains a mixture comprised of sodium metabisulfite, sodium bisulfite or sodium sulfite in a powder dispersion, a second one of these layers containing a dispersion of an acid or an acid anhydride as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: A method for producing a film for emitting sulfur dioxide, and the film produced thereby, wherein the method comprises the steps of simultaneously extruding a plurality of layers of polymers, wherein a first one of the layers contains a mixture comprised of sodium metabisulfite, sodium bisulfite or sodium sulfite in a powder dispersion, a second one of the layers containing a dispersion of an acid or an acid anhydride

Patent
15 Dec 2002
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a method for preparing nutrient media used for culturing the plague microorganism vaccine strain and can be used in medicinal microbiology, in particular, to prepare nutrient media which is used in particular to prepare the vaccine strain.
Abstract: FIELD: biotechnology, microbiology. ^ SUBSTANCE: invention relates, in particular, to preparing nutrient media used for culturing the plague microorganism vaccine strain and can be used in medicinal microbiology. The nutrient medium for culturing the plague microorganism vaccine strain comprises additionally as a stimulating additive sodium sulfite and as a nutrient base - soybean fruits enzymatic hydrolyzate in the following ratio of components, g/l: microbiological agar, 11.0-13.0; soybean fruits enzymatic hydrolyzate, 250.0-350.0; sodium chloride, 4.5-5.5; sodium hydrogen phosphate, 3.5-4.5; sodium sulfite, 0.0003-0.0005; distilled water, the balance. Invention provides enhancing the growth property of nutrient medium. ^ EFFECT: valuable properties of medium. ^ 3 ex

Patent
18 Dec 2002
TL;DR: In this article, a new process for preparing taurine by using water-savint type high-yield sulfuric acid method adopts ethlamine alcohol and sulfonic acid to make esterification reaction to obtain 2-amino ethylsulfonate, then uses sodium sulfite to make reduction to obtain 20amino-sulfonic acid.
Abstract: The new process for preparing taurine by using water-savint type high-yield sulfuric acid method adopts ethlamine alcohol and sulfuric acid to make esterification reaction to obtain 2-amino ethylsulfonate, then uses sodium sulfite to make reduction to obtain 20amino ethyl sulfonic acid. It is characterized by that before reduction reaction it uses sodium sulfiate to regulate pH value. Said invention uses sodium sulfite to regulate pH value instead of soda, at the same time of preventing acidation compound from being hydrolyzed the reduction reaction can be implemented in advance so as to raise the yield of taurine. Besides, said invention adopts the treated steam condensate to prepare taurine instead of deionized water, so that it attains the goal of sewing water.

Patent
09 Apr 2002
TL;DR: In this article, a reduction deposition method was used to produce an exhaust gas cleaning catalyst having improved CO and HC removing performances at a low temperature of exhaust gas in the startup of an automobile engine.
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To produce an exhaust gas cleaning catalyst having improved CO and HC removing performances at a low temperature of exhaust gas in the startup of an automobile engine SOLUTION: The exhaust gas cleaning catalyst contains transition metal particles deposited on noble metal particles Particularly, the catalyst contains noble metal particles and transition metal particles supported on an inorganic oxide carrier and the transition metal particles are substantially present only on the noble metal particles The catalyst is produced by a reduction deposition method, in more details by adding the chloride of a transition metal and sodium thiosulfate in a molar ratio of 1:5 to 1:20, and sodium sulfite and sodium ascorbate in a molar ratio of 1:1 to 1:5 successively in this order to carry out the reduction deposition of transition metal particles

Patent
10 Oct 2002
TL;DR: In this paper, a method for wet oxidation-sterilization of liquid wastes from fish slaughtering where the pass of wastewaters is controlled by grid, controlled voltage and intensity of electric direct current, controlled conciseness of sodium chloride in the wastewater, controlled temperature of the liquids wastes during electrolysis, controlled value of pH during electrolyisation and elimination of residual oxidants with sodium sulfite or sulfur dioxide, achieved the total elimination of all pathogens and in the same time reduce of the BOD5, COD, Color and TSS in such a limits
Abstract: Electrochemical method for wet oxidation-sterilization of liquid wastes from fish slaughtering where the pass of wastewaters is controlled by grid, controlled voltage and intensity of electric direct current, controlled conciseness of sodium chloride in the wastewaters, controlled temperature of the liquids wastes during electrolysis, controlled value of pH during electrolysis and elimination of residual oxidants with sodium sulfite or sulfur dioxide, I achieve the total elimination of all pathogens and in the same time reduce of the BOD5, COD, Color and TSS in such a limits as by the law.

01 Jan 2002
TL;DR: It is suggested that sodium bisulphite is toxic to growth and can induce cytogenetic damage in Hordeum vulgare.
Abstract: The effects of sodium bisulphite and sodium sulfite mixture (1:3) on the root cell division and growth of Hordeum vulgare seedlings were investigated. The results showed that germination and growth were in relation to treated concentration and treatment time. They had a negative correlation to concentration and a positive correlation to the treated time. Both root length and bud height decreased with increased concentrations of sodium bisulphite solution. The volume and dry weight of the bare root system also had the same changing trends. The frequency of micronuclei cells increased significantly but mitotic index decreased in root tip cells when Hordeum vulgare seedlings were incubated in sodium bisulphite at high concentration or at low concentration for long duration treatment. At the same time, pycnosis was also observed in root tip cells. The micronuclei frequency increased along with the concentration of sodium bisulphite in the range of 0.1-5.0 mmol·L -1 . At the same concentration the frequency of micronuclei increased with the treatment time. It is suggested that sodium bisulphite is toxic to growth and can induce cytogenetic damage in Hordeum vulgare.

Patent
31 Jul 2002
TL;DR: In this paper, a nonwoven fabric binder is characterized by using a glycolic acid adduct of sodium sulfite as a reducing agent in the redox couple for polymerizing a vinyl acetate polymer based emulsion for non-oven fabric binders.
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain an emulsion for binding nonwoven fabrics with suppressed release of formaldehyde. SOLUTION: This nonwoven fabric binder is characterized by using a glycolic acid adduct of sodium sulfite as a reducing agent in the redox couple for polymerizing a vinyl acetate polymer based emulsion for nonwoven fabric binders containing formaldehyde primarily from a self-cross-linking co-monomer N- methylolacrylamide.

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this paper, a bifunctional drilling fluid additive MGAC-2 is synthesized in laboratory by following procedures: calcium lignosulfonate CaLS is reacted with formaldehyde and acrylamide and maleic acid are graft-copolymerisized onto the CaLS-CH 2O condensate at the presence of cerium-ammonium nitrate.
Abstract: The titled bifunctional drilling fluid additive MGAC-2 is synthesized in laboratory by following procedures: calcium lignosulfonate CaLS is reacted with formaldehyde and acrylamide and maleic acid are graft-copolymerisized onto the CaLS-CH 2O condensate at the presence of cerium-ammonium nitrate; the purified graft-copolymer is complexed with ferrous sulfate and then sulfomethylated by formaldehyde and sodium sulfite; the reaction product isolated and dried to obtain visosity/fluid loss reducing agent MGAC-2. The structure of the graft-copolymer is identified IR-spectrometrically. The laboratory evaluation of performance properties shows that: introducing 0.5%MGAC-2 into a basic bentonite mud lowers its η a by 50%, API filtration loss by 51%, yield point by 80%, and gel strength much more; the mud treated by 0.5% MGAC-2 is more tolerant to NaCl(3%) and to CaCl 2(0.9%) and is more thermally resistant in 12 hrs ageing experiments at ambient temperature and at 120℃,140℃, and 180℃ than 0.5% FCLS-treated one; the recovery rate of a reservoir core sample from Daqing in 0.5% MGAC-2 aqueous solution is notably higher than that in 0.5% FCLS solution.

Patent
10 Jun 2002
TL;DR: In this paper, a closed-cycle technology for the recovery of high-utility mineral raw materials from natural waters is elaborated. But the method involves following consecutive stages: mechanical filtration, adsorption isolation of calcium, isolation of magnesium via passage of filtrate through carboxylic cationite in Na+ form, concentrated sodium chloride solution-mediated regeneration of adsorbent followed by treating regenerate to yield carbonates, electrodialysis-mediated concentration of treated water to give secondary solutions and desalted water, and additional strontium carbonate and
Abstract: chemical engineering. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to production of high-utility mineral substance from natural waters such as associated oil-deposit waters and oceanic waters. Method involves following consecutive stages: mechanical filtration, adsorption isolation of calcium, isolation of magnesium via passage of filtrate through carboxylic cationite in Na+ form, concentrated sodium chloride solution-mediated regeneration of adsorbent followed by treating regenerate to yield carbonates, electrodialysis-mediated concentration of treated water to give secondary solutions and desalted water, and additional strontium carbonate and iodine recovery stages. Stages of selective isolation of calcium, magnesium, and strontium are performed in countercurrent ion- exchange tower with separation of softened water and strontium and magnesium compound-containing brine flows followed by precipitation of magnesium in the hydroxide form by treatment with sodium hydroxide solution, filtration through mechanical filter and treatment of filtrate with sodium carbonate solution to isolate strontium carbonate. Iodine recovery is performed by treating water with hydrochloric acid solution to attain pH 2,0-2,5, adding chlorine water as oxidant in amount corresponding to 1.1 equivalents chlorine per 1 equivalent iodine, and passing solution through anionite AB-17 in Cl- form, which is regenerated with solution containing 65-75 g/l sodium sulfite and 130-150 g/l sodium chloride followed by recovering elementary iodine from regenerate solution. Reagents needed for implementation of process, in particular chlorine water and sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid solutions are obtained from the secondary electrodialysis solution via electrolysis in diaphragm electrolyzer. Method provides integrated and economically advantageous technology for recovering high-utility mineral raw materials from natural waters. Additionally recovered from water are strontium and iodine and reagent needed for use in the process. Closed-cycle technology yielding recovered solutes and water is elaborated. EFFECT: enabled efficient recovery of increased number of high-utility water-dissolved chemicals. 2 dwg, 4 tbl

Patent
09 Oct 2002
TL;DR: An enzyme inhibitor contains thiourea, sodium sulfite, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and sodium hydrogen (or ammonium) sulfate, which can be used to prevent the seawater pipeline from being blocked by mytilus edulis.
Abstract: An enzyme inhibitor contains thiourea, sodium sulfite, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and sodium hydrogen (or ammonium) sulfate. It can be used to prevent the seawater pipeline from being blocked by mytilus edulis.

Journal Article
TL;DR: Sulfonation of Dahurian larch (Larix gmelinii (Rupr.) bark residue after tannin extraction was studied in this article.
Abstract: Sulfonation of Dahurian larch(Larix gmelinii Rupr.) bark residue after tannin extraction was studied in this paper.Results show:suitable conditions of sulfonation were as follows:alkali dosage 13%(NaOH),sodium sulfite 60%-70%(based on alkali dosage),temperature 140-150 ℃,time 2 h.Lignosulfonate with good property as additive in concrete and as surfactant in oil field can be obtained.This study provided scientific basis for efficient use of bark residue.

Patent
24 Sep 2002
TL;DR: In this paper, the reducer is at least one kind selected from the group composed of sodium hydrogensulfite, sodium sulfite, salt of L-ascorbic acid, gaseous sulfur dioxide and a mixture of Gasesulfite and Sodium sulfite.
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a device which can surely reduce oxidizing materials. SOLUTION: A treating tank 7 is provided with a chemicals injecting means 1 for injecting a reducer, an underwater pump 2 for jetting water, a mixing nozzle 3 which is connected with the chemicals injecting means and the underwater pump and simultaneously jets the reducer and water and a reaction tube 4 through which the reducer and the water jetted from the mixing nozzle 3 pass as turbulence. It is desirable that the reducer is at least one kind selected from the group composed of sodium hydrogensulfite, sodium sulfite, sodium thiosulfate, L-ascorbic acid, salts of L-ascorbic acid, gaseous sulfur dioxide and a mixture of gaseous sulfur dioxide and sodium sulfite.

Patent
10 Oct 2002
TL;DR: In this paper, the parent raw containing alkaline metal bichromates with phosphoric acid and sodium sulfite or thiosulfate as reducing agent in the presence of sulfuric acid was used as a reducing agent.
Abstract: chemical technology SUBSTANCE: invention relates to methods of synthesis of chrome phosphate-containing pigments used in paint and varnish industry Method of synthesis of pigment involves interaction of the parent raw containing alkaline metal bichromates with phosphoric acid and sodium sulfite or thiosulfate as a reducing agent in the presence of sulfuric acid Waste water from the process of utilization of solid waste of treatment of carbide acetylene is used as the parent raw containing the following components, wt %: Cr6+ as measured for Na2Cr2O7, 08-40; chrome phosphates, 25-35; chrome bisulfates, 150-160; sulfuric acid,15-20 Waste water has pH 3-35 and temperature 40-50 C Phosphoric acid in mass concentration 85% is taken in amount 124-213 vol % with respect to the parent waste water Sodium sulfite is taken in amount 60-290 wt% or sodium thiosulfate is taken in amount 20-100 wt% with respect to the parent waste water as a reducing agent Invention provides recuperation of valuable components from waste water, preparing an anticorrosive pigment EFFECT: improved method of synthesis, decreased toxicity of waste water, decreased duration of process 1 tbl