Showing papers on "Spodoptera litura published in 1994"
TL;DR: It is concluded that for certain insects the use of chymotrypsin inhibitors should now be evaluated as an effective strategy to provide field resistance against insect pests in transgenic plants, but further, that a single proteinase inhibitor gene may not be universally effective against a range of insect pests.
Abstract: A member of the potato proteinase inhibitor II (PPI II) gene family that encodes for a chymotrypsin iso-inhibitor has been introduced into tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) usingAgrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated T-DNA transfer. Analysis of the primary transgenic plants (designated R0) confirmed that the introduced gene is being expressed and the inhibitor accumulates as an intact and fully functional protein. For insect feeding trials, progeny from the self-fertilization of R0 plants (designated R1) were used. Leaf tissue, either from transgenic or from control (non-transgenic) plants, was fed to larvae ofChrysodeixis eriosoma (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae, green looper),Spodoptera litura (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) andThysanoplusia orichalcea (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and insect weight gain (increase in fresh weight) measured. Consistently,C. eriosoma larvae fed leaf tissue from transgenic plants expressing thePPI II gene grew slower than insects fed leaf tissue from non-transgenic plants or transgenic plants with no detectablePPI II protein accumulation. However, larvae of bothS. litura andT. orichalcea consistently demonstrated similar or faster growth when fed leaf tissue from transgenic plants compared with those fed non-transgenic plants. In agreement with the feeding trials, the chymotrypsin iso-inhibitor extracted from transgenic tobacco effectively retarded chymotrypsin-like activity measured inC. eriosoma digestive tract extracts, but not in extracts fromS. litura. We conclude, therefore, that for certain insects the use of chymotrypsin inhibitors should now be evaluated as an effective strategy to provide field resistance against insect pests in transgenic plants, but further, that a single proteinase inhibitor gene may not be universally effective against a range of insect pests. The significance of these observations is discussed with respect to the inclusion of chymotrypsin inhibitors in the composite of insect pest resistance factors that have been proposed for introduction into crop plants.
136 citations
TL;DR: Hirtin and various extracts from T. connaroides significantly reduced larval growth and consumption rates, as well as dietary utilization, indicating that these substances possess both behavioral effects and post-ingestive toxicity.
76 citations
TL;DR: An addition of 1% yeast extract to crushed sorghum was found to be an ideal substrate for culturing the fungus Nomuraea rileyi and yielded a maximum of 1.4 × 109 conidia/g after 8-9 days at 25°C.
62 citations
TL;DR: Three storage proteins named SL-1, SL-2 and SL-3, the former two being synthesized only in the last larval instar, were purified from haemolymph of the common cutworm, Spodoptera litura, and confirmed that these storage proteins are hexamers.
24 citations
TL;DR: It is claimed that 50μg/larva=50% of the population ofLD50 is under-weight, while the rest are overweight or obese.
Abstract: トレハラーゼ阻害剤バリドキシルアミンAをヨトウおよびハスモンヨトウの終齢幼虫に注射すると, 直ちに, 体節筋の弛緩が起き, 終齢後期になると, 脱肛, 蛹化不能, 不完全蛹化などの異常で死亡した. バリドキシルアミンAのLD50はそれぞれの種に対し, 1μg/larva以下と2.42μg/larvaであり, ヨトウ幼虫のほうが感受性が高かった. 局所施用にょるバリドキシルアミンAの作用は注射に比べて弱く, 50μg/larvaの薬量でも50%致死には達しなかった. また, 経口投与によっては, 50μg/larva で全く作用が現れなかった. 体節筋の弛緩はトレハラーゼ阻害によって起きるエネルギー源の補給停止に起因すると考えられるが, 終齢後期に現れる異常がトレハラーゼ阻害とどう結びつくかは明らかではない.
22 citations
TL;DR: The host and stage preference of Acanthaspis pedestris Stal an important reduviid predator of many insect pests in South India were studied and functional response showed a linear relationship between the number of prey offered and the number consumed.
Abstract: The host and stage preference of Acanthaspis pedestris Stal an important reduviid predator of many insect pests in South India were studied using four cotton pests, such as Earias insulana Boisdual, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner), Pectinophora gossypiella Saunders and Spodoptera litura (Fabricius). The functional response was also studied on P. gossypiella , The results revealed that medium sized larvae were preferred in case of E. insulana (78.87 %), H. armigera (83.33%) and S. Litura (66.66%) while in case of P. gossypiella (75.0 %), only larger larvae were preferred by the predator. The bug preferred P.gossypiella (31.28%) to H. armigera (29.74%). Functional response showed a linear relationship between the number of prey offered and the number consumed. The females were found to be better predators than the males.
16 citations
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11 citations
TL;DR: Results of a field experiment conducted to compare the field efficacy of biocontrol agents with locally recommended practice of using chemical insecticides revealed that use of Trichogramma chilonis and Chrysoperla carnea 40 and 55 days after sowing could effectively check the population of Hellcoverpa armlgera and Bemisia tabaci.
Abstract: Results of a field experiment conducted to compare the field efficacy of biocontrol agents with locally recommended practice of using chemical insecticides revealed that use of Trichogramma chilonis (Ishii) (1,00,000/ha) and Chrysoperla carnea (Banks) (50,000/ha) 40 and 55 days after sowing could effectively check the population of Hellcoverpa armlgera (Bubn.) and Bemisia tabaci (Genn.), This was on par with insecticides. Application of Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus of Spodoptera litura (Fb.) at 250 larval equivalents +2.5 kg crude sugar/ha could effectively control the larval population of S. litura , Pod yield was increased significantly in biocontrol plots which was on par with chemical insecticide-treated plots.
11 citations
10 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the germinating seeds of soybean, gram, wheat, sunflower and linseed were separately fed to tobacco caterpillar, Spodoptera litura Fabricius in the laboratory at ambient temperature (15-25°C).
Abstract: The germinating seeds of soybean, gram, wheat, sunflower and linseed were separately fed to tobacco caterpillar, Spodoptera litura Fabricius in the laboratory at ambient temperature (15–25°C). The host appeared to influence significantly the larval developmental period, its size and weight, the period and number of egg deposited and sex ratio of the progeny. On the basis of these parameters, soybean proved to be the most preferred host. On germinating seeds of soybean, the total development period was 32.67 days as against 43.72 days on linseed. The feeding capacity of S. litura larvae was maximum (162.2 mg) on soybean as compared to 117.97 mg on linseed. Linseed was the least preferred while gram and wheat were intermediate in preference.
TL;DR: An automatic device with a timer camera was designed to record the diel periodicity of pheromone trap catches, and hourly changes in moth numbers could be easily detected from these films.
Abstract: An automatic device with a timer camera was designed to record the diel periodicity of pheromone trap catches. Chilo suppressalis and Spodoptera litura moths captured by a sticky-board and a water-pan, respectively, were both photographed clearly. Hourly changes in moth numbers could be easily detected from these films.
TL;DR: Although the presence of sequences homologous to the cloned insecticidal gene of B. thuringiensis was demonstrated, the Western blot analysis of cell extract of the hybrid showed that only low molecular mass crystal proteins could be detected under denaturing conditions, indicating that the high molecular mass toxin peptide may be degraded by proteolysis.
Abstract: Protoplast fusion between a Gram-negative strain Pseudomonas fluorescens having plant growth promoting activities and a Gram-positive Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki HD 73 possessing insecticidal activity, was carried out to generate P. fluorescens hybrids possessing insecticidal activity. The antibiotic resistance markers of P. fluorescens (rifr, nalr) and the immunoreactivity to the antiserum raised against the crystal proteins of B. thuringiensis var. galleriae were used as selection markers for the hybrids. The hybrids exhibited lethal but differential activity in Heliothis armigera and in Spodoptera litura when compared to the parenthal B. thuringiensis strain. The anti-feedant activity which is characteristic of B. thuringiensis toxin was not observed in the hybrids. Although the presence of sequences homologous to the cloned insecticidal gene of B. thuringiensis was demonstrated, the Western blot analysis of cell extract of the hybrid (PK 105) showed that only low molecular mass crystal proteins (less than 40 kDa) could be detected under denaturing conditions. It indicates that the high molecular mass toxin peptide may be degraded by proteolysis. Besides this, a clear separation of lethal and anti-feedant activity of the B. thuringiensis toxin has been observed by this study.
TL;DR: Pot culture studies on the interspecific economic synergism between Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner and endosulfan, phosalone and fenvalerate against the tobacco caterpillar showed that combination of fen valerate with B.t. (4.40 x 108 viable spores/ml) was significantly superior to others in inflicting mortality/deformity in the insect pest.
Abstract: Pot culture studies on the interspecific economic synergism between Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (B.t.) and endosulfan, phosalone and fenvalerate against the tobacco caterpillar, Spodoptera litura Fabricius showed that combination of fenvalerate (0.01 %) with B.t. (4.40 x 108 viable spores/ml) was significantly superior to others in inflicting mortality/deformity in the insect pest. The combination of the bacterium with phosalone and endosulfan also proved effective against the insect pest. B.t. at 4.40 x 108 and 2.20 x 108 viable spores/ml produced a mortality of 58.37 and 38.22 per cent respectively, while the bacterium in combination with insecticides caused mortality/deformity in the pest to the extent of 53.99 to 96.27 percent indicating potentiating synergism.
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TL;DR: The importance of the type of substitutions in the decalin rings A and B of the azadirachtin molecule in enhancing antifeedancy is discussed.
Abstract: Structure related insect antifeedant activity of azadirachtins A,B,D,H and I against Spodoptera litura (F.) hah been studied using both no-choice and duel choice bioassays. The importance of the type of substitutions in the decalin rings A and B of the azadirachtin molecule in enhancing antifeedancy is discussed.
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TL;DR: Methanol extracts from 45 species of oriental medicinal plants belonging to 17 families were subjected to a screening test for their larvicidal and antifeeding activities against two species of lepidopteran larvae, diamondback moth and tobacco cutworm by a leaf-dipping method.
Abstract: Methanol extracts from 45 species of oriental medicinal plants belonging to 17 families were subjected to a screening test for their larvicidal and antifeeding activities against two species of lepidopteran larvae, diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella L.) and tobacco cutworm (Spodoptera litura F.) by a leaf-dipping method. At a concentration of 8,000 ppm, methanol extract of Corydalis turrschaninovii roots only was found to have potent larvicidal activity against S. litura. At 5,000 ppm, strong antifeeding activity against both larvae was observed from the extracts of Clerodendron trichotomum, C. trichotomum var. esculentum, Inura helenium, Arctium lappa, Artemisia messerschmidtiana, Anthriscus sylvestris, Angelica dahurica, and C. turrschaninovii.
TL;DR: Among the cyclodepsipeptides, beauveriolides I (1) and II (2) have been isolated from the mycelium of Beauveria sp., and their stereostructures were elucidated by spectral analyses coupled with syntheses of the corresponding 3-hydroxy octanoic acid derivatives.
Abstract: Among the cyclodepsipeptides, beauveriolides I (1) and II (2) have been isolated from the mycelium of Beauveria sp., and their stereostructures were elucidated by spectral analyses coupled with syntheses of the corresponding 3-hydroxyoctanoic acid derivatives. Beauveriolide I (1) exhibited moderate insecticidal activities against Spodoptera litura and Callosobruchus chinensis.
01 Dec 1994
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TL;DR: The minimum feeding period required to lead mortality in the second instar larvae of Heliothis armigera Hub.
Abstract: The minimum feeding period required to lead mortality in the second instar larvae of Heliothis armigera Hub. and Spodoptera litura Fab. fed respectively on leaves of gram and soybean treated with diflubenzuron 0.0125% spray was studied. In the case of H. armigera, 4 hours feeding period gave 100 per cent mortality of larvae seven days after treatment, whereas only one hour was required for S. litura larvae tn obtain 90–100 per cent kill within 7–8 days after treatment.