Showing papers on "Strangeness published in 1973"
TL;DR: In this paper, a class of non-Abelian gauge theories of strong interactions is described, for which parity sand strangeness are automatically conserved, and for which the nonconservations of parity and strangeness produced by weak interactions are automatically of order alpha /m/sub w/sup 2/ rather than o f order alpha.
Abstract: ABS>A class of non-Abelian gauge theories of strong interactions is described, for which parity sand strangeness are automatically conserved, and for which the nonconservations of parity and strangeness produced by weak interactions are automatically of order alpha /m/sub w/sup 2/ rather than o f order alpha . When such theories are asymptotically free,'' the order- alpha weak corrections to natural zeroth-order symmetries may be calculated ignoring all effects of strong interactions. Speculations are offered on a possible theory of quarks. (auth)
450 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that for a large class of such theories, the strong interactions naturally conserve parity and strangeness, and possibly isospin and other quantum numbers as well.
Abstract: The considerations of the first paper in this series are extended to non-Abelian gauge models of the strong, weak, and electromagnetic interactions. It is shown that for a large class of such theories, the strong interactions naturally conserve parity and strangeness, and possibly isospin and other quantum numbers as well. The corrections of second order in gauge couplings to such natural symmetries are convergent. In addition to the ordinary photon-exchange term, these corrections include other terms of order $\ensuremath{\alpha}$, which take the form of shifts in the effective quark mass matrix, and which automatically conserve parity and strangeness. In theories with free-field asymptotic behavior, these order-$\ensuremath{\alpha}$ mass shifts may be correctly calculated ignoring all effects of the strong interactions. It is suggested that in such theories, the strong gauge group is not broken, and that the infrared divergences associated with the massless vector gluons prevent the production of quarks or gluons in collisions of ordinary hadrons.
45 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors applied the methods of current algebra to the problem of calculating corrections to the symmetries of the strong interactions in renormalizable gauge theories of the weak and electromagnetic interactions.
Abstract: The methods of current algebra are applied to the problem of calculating corrections to the symmetries of the strong interactions in renormalizable gauge theories of the weak and electromagnetic interactions. The strong interactions are described by a neutral-vector-gluon model, so that their symmetries are just the symmetries of the quark mass matrix, and are determined by the vacuum expectation values of the weakly coupled scalar fields. Corrections to these symmetries are calculated to all orders in the gluon coupling, but only to second order in the gauge coupling $e$. After putting the results in a gauge-invariant form, it is found that all divergences cancel in the corrections to "natural" symmetries of the strong interactions. The weak interactions can produce corrections to strong-interaction symmetries of the same order of magnitude as the electromagnetic corrections, but such "order $\ensuremath{\alpha}$" effects occur only as corrections to the quark mass matrix, and therefore necessarily conserve parity, strangeness, charm, etc., and may produce only isovector corrections to isotopic-spin conservation. It is suggested that these weak-interaction effects of order $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ are responsible for the nonelectromagnetic corrections to isotopic-spin conservation which seem to be needed in calculations of mass differences and $\ensuremath{\eta}$ decay.
42 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that terms in the effective Lagrangian that break natural zero-order symmetries of strong interactions are given exactly to order alpha by a few one-loop Feynman diagrams.
Abstract: It is shown that there exists a large and well-defined class of non- Abelian strong interactions, which have the property of being asymptotically free, giving the parity and strangeness violation of correct order alpha /M/sup 2/. It is also shown that terms in the effective Lagrangian that break natural zero-order symmetries of strong interactions are given exactly to order alpha by a few one-loop Feynman diagrams. (LBS)
32 citations
24 citations
CERN1
TL;DR: In this paper, upper and lower bounds on the scalar form factor of Kl3 decay are calculated using the analytic properties of the form factor, the experimental low-energy S-wave Kπ phase shift, and an estimate of the propagator Δ(t) of the divergence of the strangeness changing current at zero momentum.
9 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an optical spark chamber experiment was performed to test the ΔS = ΔQ rule in the decay K° → π ± e ∓ ν, and the result obtained was Re x = −0.03 ± 0.07, Im x = 0.09 ± 0.07.
7 citations
6 citations
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that a violent break-down of the symmetry for leptons introduces lepton mixing within a multiplet, leaving a residual symmetry ofU2 acting on the doublets (e, νe) and (μ, λgm) thereby establishing contact with recent Yang-Mills theories of weak and electromagnetic interactions.
Abstract: A study of the basic representations of the complex Lie algebraD4 reveals a classification scheme for hadrons, based on four quarks, leptons and intermediate vector bosons. We postulate that a violent break-down of the symmetry for leptons introduces lepton mixing within a multiplet, leaving a residual symmetry ofU2 acting on the doublets (e, νe) and (μ, νgm) thereby establishing contact with recent Yang-Mills theories of weak and electromagnetic interactions. A concrete realization of the so-called quark-lepton correspondence enables us to construct the weak hadronic current which contains the usual Cabibbo terms, and a neutral current which conserves strangeness.
3 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a two-channel optical potential was derived by folding a suitable chosen K N potential that reproduces the K N reaction data into the nucleon density, which describes elastic scattering and the reaction in which the kaon is transformed into a pion, and the target into a strangeness analog state that belongs to the same SU(3) supermultiplet.
3 citations
TL;DR: Weinberg as discussed by the authors showed that if quark masses are also much smaller than Higgs scalar-boson masses, and some technical conditions stated in the text are satisfied, then to order G{G}{F{m}^{2}$ ($m=\mathrm{a}mathm{typical}{quark}{mass}$, only a certain part of vector-booson exchanges induces the dominant contribution to "proper" non-leptonic weak interactions which violate parity or strangeness or charm, while the remaining
Abstract: Weinberg has shown in general unified gauge theories that if (1) the strong interactions are described by a neutral-vector-gluon model, and (2) all quark masses are much smaller than all intermediate-massive-vector-boson masses, then the order-$\ensuremath{\alpha}$ effects of weak and electromagnetic corrections to the strong-interaction symmetries are just the conventional electromagnetic corrections plus corrections to the quark mass matrix which preserve parity, strangeness, charm, etc. In this paper we use his method to further show that if quark masses are also much smaller than Higgs scalar-boson masses, and some technical conditions stated in the text are satisfied, then to order ${G}_{F}{m}^{2}$ ($m=\mathrm{a}\mathrm{typical}\mathrm{quark}\mathrm{mass}$), only a certain part of vector-boson exchanges induces the dominant contribution to "proper" nonleptonic weak interactions which violate parity or strangeness or charm, etc., while the remaining part of vector-boson exchanges, all of scalar-boson exchanges, and all of tadpole diagrams can only produce corrections to the quark mass matrix, which preserve the quantum numbers of strong interactions. We also offer speculation on possible mechanisms to obtain the $\ensuremath{\Delta}I=\frac{1}{2}$ rule of nonleptonic decays.
TL;DR: In this paper, the relation between the Cabibbo angle and the pion mass is analyzed in the framework of the Glashow-Weinberg type theory with explicit SU(2) and strangeness breakings, in which the strangeness conservation limit corresponds to massless pions.