Showing papers on "Swertia published in 2010"

A validated method for analysis of Swerchirin in Swertia longifolia Boiss. by high performance liquid chromatography.

Abstract: Swertia spp. (Gentianaceae) grow widely in the eastern and southern Asian countries and are used as traditional medicine for gastrointestinal disorders. Swerchirin, one of the xanthones in Swertia spp., has many pharmacological properties, such as, antimalarial, antihepatotoxic, and hypoglycemic effects. Because of the pharmacological importance of Swerchirin in this investigation, it was purified from Swertia longifolia Boiss. as one of the main components and quantified by means of a validated high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique. Aerial parts of the plant were extracted with acetone 80%. Phenolic and non-phenolic constituents of the extract were separated from each other during several processes. The phenolic fraction was injected into the semi-preparative HPLC system, which consisted of a C 18 column and a gradient methanol: 0.1% formic acid mode. Using this method, we were able to purify six xanthones from the plant, in order to use them as standard materials. The analytical method was validated for Swerchirin as one of the most important components of the plant, with more pharmacological activities according to the validation parameters, such as, selectivity, linearity (r2 > 0.9998), precision (≤3.3), and accuracy, which were measured by the determination of recovery (98-107%). The limits of detection and quantization were found to be 2.1 and 6.3 µg/mL, respectively. On account of the speed and accuracy, the UV-HPLC method may be used for quantitative analysis of Swerchirin.

Cloning and functional analysis of geraniol 10-hydroxylase, a cytochrome P450 from Swertia mussotii Franch.

Abstract: Swertia mussotii Franch has anti-hepatitis activity and contains a high level of iridoid monoterpenoids. The cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP) geraniol 10-hydroxylase (G10H) is thought to play an important role in iridoid monoterpenoid and indole alkaloid biosynthesis. Here we report the isolation of a full-length cDNA clone of S. mussotii G10H (SmG10H). The predicted gene product was a 496 residue protein designated CYP76B10, the sequence of which was highly similar to that of the CYP76 family, particularly to Catharanthus roseus G10H (80.2% homology). SmG10H transcripts were much more abundant in the leaves than in either the root or the stem, and were derived from a single copy gene. SmG10H expression was upregulated by treatment with methyljasmonate (MeJA) over a period from 6 h to 36 h after treatment. Accumulation of swertiamarin increased after elicitation by MeJA. SmG10H was heterologously expressed in both Escherichia coli and Pichia pastoris (yeast), forming a 55.5-kDa protein. Based on analysis in vitro, SmG10H was found to have catalytic activity hydroxylating geraniol. In the SmG10H overexpression plants, the level of SmG10H transcript and the contents of 10-hydroxygeraniol and swertiamarin increased simultaneously.

AFLP markers for identification of Swertia species (Gentianaceae).

Abstract: The genus Swertia is well known for its medicinal properties, as described in the Indian pharmacopoeia. Different members of this genus, although somewhat similar in morphology, differ widely in their pharmacological and therapeutic properties. The most important species of this genus, with maximal therapeutic properties, is S. chirayita, which is often adulterated with other less- potent Swertia spp. There is an existing demand in the herbal drug industry for an authentication system for Swertia spp, in order to enable their commercial use as genuine phytoceuticals. To this end, we used amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) to produce DNA fingerprints for six Swertia species. Nineteen accessions (2 of S.

Neuroprotective Xanthone Glycosides from Swertia punicea

Abstract: Two new dimeric xanthone O-glycosides, puniceasides A (1) and B (2), a new trimeric O-glycoside, puniceaside C (3), and two new trimeric C-glycosides, puniceasides D (4) and E (5), together with 12 known xanthones were isolated from the entire plant of Swertia punicea. The structures of 1-5 were determined by HRESIMS and NMR spectroscopic methods. Compounds 2, 6, and 7 exhibited potent neuroprotective activity against H(2)O(2)-induced PC12 cell damage.

Protective effects of Swertia longifolia Boiss. and its active compound, swerchirin, on paracetamol‐induced hepatotoxicity in mice

Abstract: Aerial parts of Swertia longifolia Boiss. (Gentianaceae), which grows in the north of Iran, were screened for hepatoprotective activity against paracetamol (acetaminophen)-induced hepatotoxicity in Swiss mice. Pretreatment with total plant extract and swerchirin, the major component of the plant, significantly reduced the elevation of biochemical parameters, AST (aspartate aminotransferase), ALT (alanine aminotransferase) and ALP (alkaline phosphatase), the enzymes that are increased by liver damage (P < 0.001). Our results indicated that total plant extract and swerchirin were hepatoprotective in the range of 6–50 mg kg −1 orally.

Highlighting the anti-carcinogenic potential of an ayurvedic medicinal plant, Swertia Chirata.

Abstract: Swertia chirata is a plant with bitter taste used since an early date in traditional medical systems of our country for treatment of varied human ailments. In Ayurveda, the plant is used as stomachic, febrifuge, antihelminthic, diuretic as well as for treatment of some types of mental disorders. Experimental revalidation of the medicinal properties of this plant along with chemical analysis of its constituents have generated interest in the medicinal value of Swertia chirata and is likely to open up new avenues for its multispectrum use. In view of the antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogenic activities reported in recent times, the plant demands a more detailed probe to determine its use in pharmaceutical industry for preparation of drugs for prevention and treatment of chronic human diseases like diabetes, cardiac problems and cancer. The aim of the present review is to draw attention of researchers in biomedical sciences and pharmaceuticals to this very important plant which has so far not received its due recognition.

Study on the variations of mineral elements in Swertia speciosa (G. Don).

Abstract: Variations of micro- and macrominerals concentration in Swertia speciosa were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The mineral elements showed significant changes in roots and leaves collected from different altitudes. Among all the elements, highest concentration (more than 2,000 mg/kg) of Ca and K were recorded in S. speciosa and the concentration of other elements analyzed in the study decreased in the order Fe>Na>Zn>Co>Li>Cu>Mn.

Taxonomic study of some medicinally important species of Swertia L. (Gentianaceae) in Nepal

Abstract: Among 100 species of Swertia reported from the world, Nepal harbors 30 species along with four varieties. In Nepal, species of Swertia are highly exploited as raw materials for different traditional medicines. Among them, S. chirayita, a vulnerable species, has been considered to be superior in medicine and trade. One of the main issues in its trade is adulteration with other species which are considered to be inferior in medicinal quality. Species which are mixed with S. chirayita are S. angustifolia, S. ciliata, S. dilatata, S. paniculata, S. racemosa, etc. There is a need for the selection of most important morphological characteristics for instant identification of different species of Swertia to check illegal trade as well as adulteration. This paper aims to provide the most important identifying characters of eight species of Swertia traded from Nepal on the basis of their morphological studies. Color of the petal, number of floral parts (tetramerous vs. pentamerous) and number of glands in petal are the key characters for the identification of the species.

Qualitative and quantitative determination of major xanthones in Swertia speciosa by high performance liquid chromatography.

Abstract: High performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was developed and validated for the determination of two xanthones, 1,2,6,8-tetrahydroxyxanthone (SR1) and 2,8-dihydroxy-1,6-dimethoxyxanthone (SR2) in leaves and rhizomes of Swertia speciosa. The extracts were analyzed on C18 column using an isocratic mobile phase which consists of MeOH and H2O at the flow rate of 1 ml/min. Identification of xanthone derivatives was done by using UV variable λ detector at 260 nm. The limit of detection obtained for the analytes were in the range of 0.86–2.24 ppm. We had planned to quantify the major bioactives in S. speciosa and to compare their variation with seasons and altitudes. Maximum concentration of SR1 and SR2 was found in S. speciosa rhizomes collected from Hemkund (4000 m high), Uttarakhand, India. Overall, results show that the concentration of bioactives increase with altitude and in samples collected in between Sep.-Oct. which seems to be the period of prime potency and should be the harvesting period.

Method for separating xanthione chemical component in Swertia mussoti

Abstract: The invention discloses a method for separating a xanthione chemical component in Swertia mussoti, which comprises three process steps: the extraction of aqueous extract of Swertia mussoti, the extraction and crude separation according to polarity gradient, and column chromatography separation and purification The separated pure product of the ketone chemical component has great significance for studying the pharmacological effects of the Swertia mussoti and the development and production of drugs

Phytochemical study of swertia longifolia (boiss.)

Abstract: Plants of the genus Swertia (Gentianaceae) have been used in traditional medicine for many years. These herbs taste extremely bitter and have been mainly used for the treatment of hepatic, choleric and inflammatory diseases such as hepatitis, cholecystitis, pneumonia, osteomyelitis, dysentery, scabies, spasm, pain and neurastenia. In this genus, many components such as iridoids, xanthones, flavonoids, polyphenolic compounds and so on have been isolated and their biological activities investigated. They were described as antidepressant, antipsychotic, antidiabetic and hepatoprotective. It is also reported that xanthones and xanthone glycosides are most active compounds. Because of these biological abilities and in our course to a better knowledge of endemic plants of Flora Iranica, Swertia longifolia (Boiss.) that grows in the northern parts of Iran was studied. Dried and milled aerial parts of plant were continuously extracted in a soxhlet apparatus with petroleum ether (bp. 60-80) and then with ethanol. Ethanolic extract after concentration was poured into aqueous acetic acid 4% and filtered. The clarified acidic aqueous solution was subsequently extracted with chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-buthanol. N-buthanol extract was chromatographed over Sephadex LH-20 and eluted with methanol. The main fractions were chromatographed on Silica and then C18. This process yielded 7 components. They were identified as 1 iridoid glycoside, 1 secoiridoid glycoside, 2 xanthones and 2 xanthone glycosides by means of their UV, MS, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR data. Since there are xanthones and xanthone glycosides in Swertia longifolia, it is expected that this plant has interesting pharmacological activities.

Glutathione production promoting composition

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a composition having glutathione production promotion for improving defence against oxidation stress and detoxication functions within a living body which is suitable as an oral administration composition SOLUTION: It has been found that an acetylated triterpenic acid has glutathione production promotion and furthermore, 3-acetylursolic acid and/or 3-acetyloleanolic acid is present in the extract of a plant belonging to genus Aronia of Rosaceae, genus Malus of Rosaceae, genus Pyrus of Rosaceae, genus Arctostaphylos of Ericaceae, genus Vaccinium of Ericaceae, genus Syzygium of Myrtaceae or genus Swertia of Gentianaceae The composition having glutathione production promotion which is suitable as an oral administration composition containing the acetylated triterpenic acid is provided COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Preparation method of swertia pseudochinensis extractive in swertia pseudochinensis-silybum marianum liver benefiting product

Abstract: The invention discloses a preparation method of a swertia pseudochinensis extractive in a swertia pseudochinensis-silybum marianum liver benefiting product. The method comprises the following steps of: carrying out gradient refluxes to extract swertia pseudochinensis (the prescription quantity is 95 percent) for three times respectively by using 95 percent ethanol, 75 percent ethanol and 50 percent ethanol, filtering, combining filter liquors and concentrating an obtained filter liquor to a thick paste with a specific gravity of 1.20-1.30g/ml (80 DEG C); adding remainder fine swertia pseudochinensis powder (the prescription quantity is 5 percent) and mixing; spreading an obtained mixture into a roasting disk according to a proportion of 3-5Kg/disk; drying the mixture under the condition of setting the material temperature of a microwave vacuum drying and sterilizing machine to be 70-90 DEG C and the operation time to be 80-120min and controlling the vacuum degree to be -0.08 to -0.09MPa, pulverizing the dry paste and then sieving by a sieve of 80 meshes; and mixing to obtain dry swertia pseudochinensis paste powder. A drug product prepared by the drying method has stable quality and high active ingredient content.