Showing papers on "Test data published in 1982"

On Testing Non-Testable Programs

Abstract: It is widely accepted that the fundamental limitation of using program testing techniques to determine the correctness of a program is the inability to extrapolate from the correctness of results for a proper subset of the input domain to the program's correctness for all elements of the domain. In particular, for any proper subset of the domain there are infinitely many programs which produce the correct output on those elements, but produce an incorrect output for some other domain element. None the less we routinely test programs to increase our confidence in their correctness, and a great deal of research is currently being devoted to improving the effectiveness of program testing. These efforts fall into three primary categories: (1) the development of a sound theoretical basis for testing; (2) devising and improving testing methodologies, particularly mechanizable ones; (3) the definition of accurate measures of and criteria for test data adequacy. Almost all of the research on software testing therefore focuses on the development and analysis of input data. In particular there is an underlying assumption that once this phase is complete, the remaining tasks are straightforward. These consist of running the program on the selected data, producing output which is then examined to determine the program's correctness on the test data. The mechanism which checks this correctness is known as an oracle, and the belief that the tester is routinely able to determine whether or not the test output is correct is the oracle assumption.' • 2

An approximate power prediction method

Abstract: In an earlier publication, a statistical method was presented for the determination of the required propulsive power at the initial design stage of a ship. This method was developed through a regression analysis of random model experiments and full-scale data, available at the Netherlands Ship Model Basin. Because the accuracy of the method was reported to he insufficient when unconventional combinations of main parameters were used, an attempt is made in the present article to extend the method by adjusting the original numerical prediction model to test data obtained in some specific cases. This adaptation of the method has resulted in a set of prediction formulae with a wider range of application. Nevertheless, it is pointed out that the given modifications have a tentative character only, because the adjustments are based on a small number of experiments. In any case, the application is limited to hull forms resembling the average ship described by the main dimensions and form coefficients used in the method. The extension of the method was focused on improving the power prediction for high-block ships with low L/B ratios, and for slender naval ships with complex appendage arrangements and immersed transom sterns.

Weak Mutation Testing and Completeness of Test Sets

Abstract: Different approaches to the generation of test data are described. Error-based approaches depend on the definition of classes of commonly occurring program errors. They generate tests which are specifically designed to determine if particular classes of errors occur in a program. An error-based method called weak mutation testing is described. In this method, tests are constructed which are guaranteed to force program statements which contain certain classes of errors to act incorrectly during the execution of the program over those tests. The method is systematic, and a tool can be built to help the user apply the method. It is extensible in the sense that it can be extended to cover additional classes of errors. Its relationship to other software testing methods is discussed. Examples are included.

Manual of soil laboratory testing. volume 2: permeability, shear strength and compressibility tests

Abstract: This is the second volume of three that provides a comprehensive working manual for the laboratory testing of soils for civil engineering purposes. It is an essential practical handbook for all who are engaged in laboratory testing of soils as well as being of great value to professional engineers, consultants, academics and students in geotechnical engineering. The contents have been revised and updated to reflect current practice in standard laboratory test procedures for determining some of the important engineering properties of soils. The authors have had many years experience in managing large soil testing laboratories since the early 1950s through to the present day, whilst actively contributing to the development of geotechnical testing through training courses, lectures, committees and working groups. They recognise that it is particularly important for test methods to be fully understood and a step-by-step approach has therefore been used in presenting each section. The test procedures comprise the measurement of soil permeability, CBR value, drained and undrained shear strength, and consolidation characteristics. Additional material in this new edition includes the Fall cone procedure for measurement of shear strength in clays based on the European Technical Specification, a simplified direct approach and a useful arrangement for applying pressures in multistage triaxial tests to meet the requirements of BS1377. The latest requirements for calibration of equipment and measuring devices are presented and discussed, together with the significance of quality assurance based on recognised laboratory accreditation to ISO/IEC 17025. Descriptions of test methods are complemented by many numerical examples in order to illustrate the methods for recording test data, making calculations, presenting graphical plots and deriving test results. Fundamental principles are explained, where appropriate, so that the operator can have a better understanding of the significance of the tests and guidance is given where experience has shown that difficulties may be encountered. The importance of good techniques, essential checks on test equipment and laboratory safety are all emphasised.

Scan testable integrated circuit

Abstract: A large scale sequential integrated circuit is made amenable to scan design testing by the inclusion of special multiplexing and storage circuits which respond to a pair of test control pulses to reconfigure the circuit to include one or more shift registers and to step the scan test data through the shift registers. In particular, the pair of test control pulses are applied to the two terminals to which, in normal operation, are applied the clock pulses which are used to control the storage elements and which, in such operation, are never both simultaneously high. To initiate the scan test operation, these test control pulses are made simultaneously high and the circuitry responds to such conditions.

Validation of Nuclear Plant Auxiliary Power Supply By Test

Abstract: This paper discusses and describes the process of dynamic simulation of plant auxiliary power supply systems and motor loads including the important step of validation of models through comparison with tests. A simulation run was confirmed by performing a test of the diesel generator loading sequence at Connecticut Yankee Atomic Power Plant. Test data of the start up was recorded and used to confirm or to adjust the models for the diesel generator and motors.

Test fixture for providing electrical access to each I/O pin of a VLSI chip having a large number of I/O pins

Abstract: A VLSI chip tester for defining and performing functional tests, delay tests, and DC parametric tests on VLSI chips. The VLSI chip under test is mounted to a paddle card which, in turn, is detachably held under pressure against a circuit board mounted in a test fixture. A connector is sandwiched between the paddle card and circuit board. The connector has insulated, spaced-apart conductors that are orthogonal to the paddle card and circuit board, and that provide electrical contact between each pin of the VLSI chip under test and a corresponding pad on the circuit board. Shift register circuits mounted to the circuit board provide a single stage corresponding to each I/O pin of the device under test. Each stage may function as an input or output device. A computer or computers are coupled to the shift register circuits through appropriate cabling and driver/receiver/termination circuits. Test data to be sent to or from the computer may be shifted serially into or out of the shift register circuits. Similarly, test data to be sent to or from the device under test may be shifted in parallel into or out of the shift register circuits. A self-test capability is provided.

Power System Indentification by Fitting Structured Models to Measured Frequency Response

Abstract: Methods for determining dynamic system models from test data have been developed at the Bonneville Power Administration, in support of HVDC Modulation and other projects. Associated computer routines allow multiple sets of frequency response measurements, and accommodate loops and other structural features in the model. Fitting criteria include both gain and phase in the error measures, with a choice of constrained minimization algorithms. These routines have been interfaced to the BPA Electromagnetic Transients Program for state-space modeling of frequency dependence in transmission lines, and have digital-filter design capabilities.

Method and system for selectively loading test data into test data storage means of automatic digital test equipment

Abstract: A method and system for loading test data into individual pin memories of an automatic digital test system, particularly of the in-circuit type. Test data in the form of test vectors are accessed from a test vector store simultaneously with the access of a digital test pin selection signal. The test pin selection signal accessed with the test data is then used to selectively load the test data into a pin memory identified by the pin selection signal, thereby permitting the loading of test data into any one of a group of individual pin memories. In the preferrred embodiment the test data, a test vector, is stored in a test vector store in association with a test pin selection signal. When the test vector is read from memory, the test pin selection signal is also read by the same address signal.

A modified Weibull treatment for the analysis of strength-test data from non-identical brittle specimens

Abstract: Powder compacts (e.g., pharmaceutical tablets) manufactured on commerically available machines are not strictly identical but show inevitable variability in their weights, thicknesses and compaction pressures. Consequently, the variability in fracture-stress data obtained from such brittle specimens is greater than that due to the inherent strength variability of the material itself. A modified Weibull analysis has been developed so that a more accurate estimate of the inherent variability of the mechanical strength of the material can be derived from test data obtained from commercially produced compacts; its application is illustrated.

Computer Analysis of Settling Test Data

Abstract: A method of fitting a simple approximating function to quiescent settling test data is given that can serve for either discrete or flocculant settling. The method can be used with the data as either concentrations or as fractional removals. The method is illustrated using concentration data and the results are compared with values calculated by the traditional method.

Fast Algorithms for the Round Trip Location Problem

Abstract: This paper presents several fast algorithms for the round trip location problem. I show how to simplify the method given in an article by Chan and Hearn in which only the rectilinear case is addressed and get an algorithm with improved complexity for a given accuracy. An exact solution algorithm (the complexity of which is unknown) that solved test data problems even faster is presented and generalized for Euclidean and l p distances. Computational results are also presented.

Small End Restraint Effects on Strength of H-columns

Abstract: A parametric study of the strength and behaviour of an axially loaded wide-flange steel column is investigated from the viewpoint of a beam column analysis using the approximate deflection method and the bi-linear fitting for test data of moment rotation relationships of beam-to-column connections and taking into consideration the effects of residual stresses, geometric imperfections and small end restraints. A computer program is developed to obtain the numerical results, from which effective length decreasing factor and maximum load increasing factor are proposed. The validity of the computer model is demonstrated by comparison with the results of a test on an actual column.

Flight recorder having capability of storing intermediate data

Abstract: A flight recorder (11) for a vehicle such as an airborne vehicle is provided in which various data is recorded, along with on-board time data (from 38) in order to be processed by ground based equipment (13). The on-board time data is synchronized by using a telemetry signal (DT) which is received by a ground based tracking system so that the timing of the events recorded by the flight recorder (11) may be synchronized with the timing of events recorded by the ground based tracking system. This combined data is provided to the ground based equipment (13) in order that the data at (12) obtained on-board the vehicle can be analyzed. By the use of digital techniques, various measurements, such as acceleration and angular rate may be accurately stored and reproduced. This arrangement reduces repeat costs for multiple tests and increases reliability of test data.

Integrated circuit device for memory

Abstract: PURPOSE:To realize a high-speed test at a time and every data group, by providing a test data generating circuit and a means to write and read the data group into an IC for memory and then comparing the read-out data withe an expected value with every data group. CONSTITUTION:When a read/write control signal 104 is in a write state, a test data 403 is given and written to storage cells j0-jn (i=0,1-n) from a test data generating circuit 7 via a write data selection circuit 4 and in the form of write data 210-21n. While in case the signal 104 is in a reading state, a reading is carried out at a time to cells j0-jn. At the same time, the data 403 is delivered from the circuit 7 to be supplied to a comparator 6. The circuit 6 compares data 200-20n with an expected value data 403. If a coincidence is obtained, a coincidence signal 405 is applied to a read data selection circuit 5. Then the signal 405 is delivered from the circuit 5 by a read data control signal 401 and in the form of a read data 101.

The Closed Vessel Test and Determination of Ballistic Properties of Gun Propellants

Abstract: : This manual details the methods by which closed vessel test data are used to calculate values of ballistic properties of gun propellants. The properties of interest are force, vivacity, quickness, predicted gun pressure and predicted charge weight. Details are also included on a homogeneity test which can be applied to the test data.

Modeling and analysis of an all-plastic flat-plate solar collector

Abstract: The concept of an all-plastic liquid flat-plate solar collector was studied. Such a collector eliminates the need for coatings, metals, and all other materials except plastics. The concept appears to offer possibilities for the mass production of a lowcost, lightweight solar collector which is reasonably efficient. Material considerations for the concept are discussed, and thermal analysis is presented. Mathematical models were developed for study of this concept. Convection and nonlinear radiation between the covers was computed in all of the models. In addition absorptance and conduction in the cover(s) and the fluid cover plate were studied in order to determine their effects on the panel performance. A model panel was fabricated, and computer results were compared with test data for the efficiency of the panel.

Comparison of IGRF models with North American Magnetic data.

Abstract: Comparisons of proposed and adopted geomagnetic reference field models are made against North American test data for the period 1965 to 1985. These test data (X, Y, Z, and F) include Canadian map and aeromagnetic data and USGS land-based data. Model values are also tested against predicted component values for 1982 and 1984 derived from 27 magnetic observatories on or near the North American continent.These tests indicate that all candidate models provide an excellent fit to North American test data at epochs 1965, 1970, and 1975. Only the USGS and NASA models fit these data satisfactorily at 1980. The best secular variation models for 1980-1985 appear to be the IGS and USGS models.Finally, our tests indicate that the recently adopted series of reference field models provides a reasonable and satisfactory fit to North American test data.

Test data insertion arrangement for a conference circuit

Abstract: A time shared conference circuit for establishing conference calls in a T-S-T digital switching network provides for automatically inserting predefined test data into unused time slots of its output PCM voice data stream. The transmission of this predefined data verifies the interface operation of the conference circuit with the switching network.

Validation of passive-solar analysis/design tools using class A performance-evaluation data

Abstract: A major objective of the Class A Performance Evaluation Program is to collect, analyze, and archive detailed test data for the rigorous validation of analysis/design tools used for passive solar research and design. Elements of the plan for Class A validation are described. A proposed validation methodology, including a quantitative definition of validation, minimum data requirements, and a standard reporting format, is outlined. The preliminary testing of this methodology using hourly data from two Class A test facilities is presented. Finally, the collection, analysis, and documentation of preliminary data sets is discussed.

Identification of Pressure Control System Dynamics in BWR Plant by Multivariate Autoregressive Modeling Technique

Abstract: Dynamics of a BWR plant pressure control system were studied using stationary noise data for development of a plant diagnosis technique. A multivariate autoregressive (AR) modeling technique has been widely used for similar purposes. However, this cannot be applied to the pressure control system, since the system contains highly coherent signals and its partial transfer mechanism possesses a fast time constant. The present study solved these difficulties by introducing an associate matrix, which described a priori relationships between objective signals, into the conventional AR model. Using this modified AR model, internal (open loop) and closed loop transfer functions were identified. Their validity was confirmed by comparing with actual transient test data. These results show the effectiveness of noise data for evaluating not only partial component dynamics in the pressure control system but also whole system dynamics, such as a plant stability.

Sound transmission loss of gypsum wallboard partitions. Report ♯2. Steel stud partitions having cavities filled with glass fiber batts

Abstract: Using the data bank of the acoustics laboratory of Domtar Research, statistical equations based on density are derived for predicting the sound transmission loss and sound transmission class of double leaf wall partitions. The partitions are constructed from gypsum wallboard, light gauge steel studs, and have glass fiber batts (R–7) in the cavity space. The results predicted, using these equations, are found to be in good agreement with results on similar assemblies tested at other laboratories. The equations are used to illustrate the effect of surface density, steel stud size, and method of board attachment on sound transmission loss. The effect of adding glass fiber batts (R–7) to the cavity space is shown to depend upon the surface density of the partitions. Assuming equal surface densities, no improvement in STC was noted for partitions having unbalanced construction. The results, predicted for simple partition construction, are compared to test data for partitions constructed using resilient channels and for multiple rows of steel studs.

Arrangement for automatic testing of telephone systems, in particular telephone PABX systems

Abstract: For the purposes of the test which is to be carried out with the aid of the central test controller ZPST, the telephone system under test is subdivided into a multiplicity of parts in terms of the memory spaces for test data and test programs. The subdivision is performed into functional complexes, functional complex variants, samples of a specific operating mode, functional modules and finally into memory spaces for individual allocated test functions. The hardware of the system under examination is tested.

Parametric study of CHF data. Volume 3, Part 1. Critical heat flux data. Final report

Abstract: This Volume contains the complete information on Critical Heat Flux (CHF) tests performed at the Heat Transfer Research Facility of Columbia University. The radial and axial geometries for 235 test sections assemblies as well as the 11,077 CHF data points are presented. The description of the tables and figures, the test section geometries, and the test data are also given.

A Bayesian Procedure for Mastery Decisions Based on Multivariate Normal Test Data.

Abstract: A Bayesian framework for making mastery/nonmastery decisions based on multivariate test data is described in this study. Overall, mastery is granted (or denied) if the posterior expected loss associated with such action is smaller than the one incurred by the denial (or grant) of mastery. An explicit form for the cutting contour which separates mastery and nonmastery states in the test score space is given for multivariate normal test scores and for a constant loss ratio. For multiple cutting scores in the true ability space, the test score cutting contour will resemble the boundary defined by multiple test cutting scores when the test reliabilities are reasonably close to unity. For tests with low reliabilities, decisions may very well be based simply on a suitably chosen composite score.

Improvement of a large dynamic analytical model using ground vibration test data

Abstract: A method has been developed which uses measured normal modes and natural frequencies to improve an analytical mass and stiffness matrix model of a structure. The method directly identifies, without iteration, a set of minimum changes in the analytical matrices which force the eigensolutions to agree with the test measurements. An application is presented in which the analytical model had 508 degrees of freedom and 19 modes were measured at 101 locations on the structure. The resulting changes in the model are judged to be small compared to expectations of errors in the analysis. Thus the improved model is accepted as a reasonable model of the structure with improved dynamic response characteristics. In addition, it is shown that the procedure may be a useful tool in identifying apparent measured modes which are not true normal modes of the structures.

Bayesian Approach to Prototype Testing

Abstract: The strength of series-produced structures is uncertain because of modelling error and material parameter uncertainty. By testing of prototypes, information on both uncertainties is obtained. Because of strength correlation in a series, sampling is considered non-random. The Bayesian Method is used to consider the problem of relating prior knowledge and test data to a prescribed characteristic value of the load carrying capacity, i.e., a prescribed fractile of the strength distribution, or a target value of a reliability index. Examples show application to prototype testing structural assemblies or parts. It is concluded that even a slight correlation may have a significant influence on the estimated strength.

A high-yield GaAs MSI digital IC process

Abstract: A planar GaAs digital IC process capable of fabricating MSI level circuits with a high yield has beer. demonstrated. The process has been characterized through extensive evaluation of test structures. Uniformity of process and device parameters is shown by statistical analysis of autoprobe test data on the test key. An empirical model is proposed that correlates process yield to active gate area for typical digital ICs fabricated with the process. Demonstration of such high yields indicates maturity of GaAs process technology.