Showing papers on "Tick published in 1974"
TL;DR: It was concluded that male-to-female transmission of ASF virus occurs frequently in O. moubata and is probably an important factor in maintenance ot the virus iu tick populations.
73 citations
Journal Article•
56 citations
TL;DR: Studies in Egypt on migrating birds and their viruses and tick parasites, initiated by the NAMRU-3 Medical Zoology Department in 1956, were extended to Cyprus in fall 1967 and spring 1968 by the Palearctic Migratory Bird Survey.
Abstract: Studies in Egypt on migrating birds and their viruses and tick parasites, initiated by the NAMRU-3 Medical Zoology Department in 1956, were extended to Cyprus in fall 1967 and spring 1968 by the Palearctic Migratory Bird Survey.
48 citations
TL;DR: Serologic evidence suggested that both pathogens are widely distributed among a large variety of medium-sized mammals throughout the area, with cottontail rabbits, raccoons, and woodchucks giving the largest number of seropositive antibodies to spotted fever antigens.
Abstract: A survey was conducted from July 1969 through January 1972 in Land Between the Lakes, an outdoor recreation and conservation education area in the Tennessee Valley Region, to determine the occurrence of Rickettsia rickettsi and Francisella tularensis, the agents of spotted fever and tularemia, respectively, in wild mammals and their ticks. Serologic evidence suggested that both pathogens are widely distributed among a large variety of medium-sized mammals throughout the area. Fifty-five of 666 sera comprising 8 of 22 animal species had complement-fixing antibodies to spotted fever antigens, with cottontail rabbits (32 of 66), raccoons (8 of 163), and woodchucks (6 of 49) giving the largest number of seropositives. Antibodies to tularemia were detected in 117 of 620 sera with highest prevalence among striped skunks (11 of 16), gray foxes (37 of 72), raccoons (73 of 161), and woodchucks (17 of 48). Dermacentor variabilis was the only species of tick from which R. rickettsi and F. tularensis were isolated. Of 931 adults collected off host animals or by dragging, 51 were infected with spotted fever rickettsiae; 39 of these yielded strains pathogenic for laboratory animals. Seven ticks, two of them also infected with R. rickettsi, contained F. tularensis. An unidentified bacterium-like microorganism was detected by hemolymph examination in 80 D. variabilis. This organism appeared unrelated to rickettsiae and proved nonpathogenic for meadow voles. A rickettsia-like organism antigenically related to the spotted fever group was noted in 64 of 545 Amblyomma americanum; it, too, failed to produce detectable infection or antibodies to spotted fever group antigens in meadow voles.
41 citations
TL;DR: The variation in Theileria parva infection rates of experimental batches of adult Rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks, used during the course of several years, was examined and it was concluded that the infection rate could depend on a factor such as the juxtaposition of possibly-infected gut epithelial cells and developing salivary glands during the nymphal moult.
35 citations
01 Jan 1974
TL;DR: Man, with his domestic animals, has intruded into many complex host-parasite relationships involving ticks, which creates difficult control problems since it means that the habitat and the wild life hosts must be manipulated if control of the arthropod is to be achieved.
Abstract: Man, with his domestic animals, has intruded into many complex host-parasite relationships involving ticks. Indeed, with the exception of the form of Ornithodorus porcinus which feeds almost exclusively on man in the Kenya Highlands (Walton 1962), all of man’s and many of his domestic animals’ contacts with ticks are casual in that wildlife are the preferred hosts and the source of the disease organisms which ticks transmit. This interaction creates difficult control problems since it means that the habitat and the wild life hosts must be manipulated if control of the arthropod is to be achieved. In these situations, there are obvious difficulties which are technical, cultural and emotional. Area control by residual insecticides, or any insecticide, will become increasingly unpopular, and the destruction of wildlife will be equally distasteful to a world quite rightly concerned with environmental conservation. The following examples illustrate the problems: (1) In the Ozark region of Oklahoma, U.S.A., recreational areas are flooded with the lone star tick Amblyomma americanum which feeds very readily on man and cattle and many other hosts including the white-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus (Hair and Howell 1970). Control of this tick will ultimately involve the control of the deer or its habitat, yet deer protection at this stage has led to such vast populations of the lone star tick that the tick itself has become a major mechanism in the regulation of deer populations (Bolte, Hair and Fletcher, 1970).
32 citations
TL;DR: When the cattle tick Boophilus microplus was maintained at 27 C, the digestion of hemoglobins in the gut proceeded at a steady rate and was virtually complete by the 13th day, essentially the same whether the ticks were strains susceptible or resistant to organophosphorous compounds.
21 citations
Journal Article•
14 citations
TL;DR: Work done by Wilson et al. (1972) demonstrated that CO2-baited traps were a more effective method for sampling tick populations in east Oklahoma than the drag flag method used by Clymer and Semtner.
Abstract: Work done by Wilson et al. (1972) demonstrated that CO2-baited traps were a more effective method for sampling tick populations in east Oklahoma than the drag flag method used by Clymer et al. (1970) and Semtner et al. (1971). Wilson et al. (1972) trapped a small percentage of marked ticks as far as 21.3 m from the source of CO2.
13 citations
TL;DR: Examination of the salivary glands indicated that there was a higher infection rate in the nymphs than in the adults although this was not statistically significant: subsequent inoculation into susceptible cattle of titrated aliquots of the stabilates showed that aliquot from a certain number of adult ticks were more infective than those from the equivalent number of nymphal ticks.
12 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The findings suggest that the DS marker in tick-borne encephalitis virus might be associated not with the geographic origin of the strains, but with species of ticks from which the isolates were obtained.
Abstract: The dextran sulphate (DS) marker was studied in 25 large plaque forming strains of tick-borne encephalitis virus freshly isolated from ticks of different species as well as from patients in Western Siberia, Baltic republics of the U.S.S.R. and Yugoslavia. The strains isolated in close geographical areas in the Baltic republics but from different tick species (I. persulcatus andI. ricinus) had different DS characteristics, whereas the strains isolated in remote geographical areas as Western Siberia and the Baltic republics, but originating from the same tick species (I. persulcatus) were found to have the same DS marker. These findings suggest that the DS marker in tick-borne encephalitis virus might be associated not with the geographic origin of the strains, but with species of ticks from which the isolates were obtained.
TL;DR: The concentration of the bloodmeal in the larvae, nymphs, and adult females of the Cayenne tick, Amblyomma cajennense (F.), Gulf Coast tick,amblyommA maculatum (Koch), American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis (Say), and rabbit tick, Haemaphysalis leporispalustris (Packard), allowed to feed to repletion on laboratory hosts was determined.
Abstract: The concentration of the bloodmeal in the larvae, nymphs, and adult females of the Cayenne tick, Amblyomma cajennense (F.), Gulf Coast tick, Amblyomma maculatum (Koch), American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis (Say), and rabbit tick, Haemaphysalis leporispalustris (Packard), allowed to feed to repletion on laboratory hosts was determined. The lowest concentration (average: 1.59 times) occurred in the larvae, due to a relatively large proportion of non-blood tissue ingested with the blood. Nymphs showed a much higher concentration (average: 2.39 times), and adult females the highest (average: 2.78 times). Many significant differences were found among the species of ticks.
TL;DR: Ticks sampled from a coastal area, Neptune State Park, were compared to those found in a mixed 2nd growth Douglas fir-oak forest in the Willamette valley, where I. pacificus is the only species that quests on vegetation or that feeds on larger animals including man.
Abstract: A study of the host range and distribution of ticks was undertaken in 2 forested areas of western Oregon. The ticks sampled from a coastal area, Neptune State Park (characterized by 150 to 200-year-old climax Sitka spruce-hemlock forest), were compared to those found in a mixed 2nd growth Douglas fir-oak forest in the Willamette valley. Ixodes angustus Neumann was the most common tick found on the coastal site. Ixodes soricis Gregson was less abundant in this area and I. pacificus Cooley & Kohls was absent. Immature stages of I. pacificus were found in moderate numbers in the valley sampling site in the summer and fall; I. angustus and soricis were also present. I. soricis was found only on shrews and shrew-moles in this study. The shrew tick was not found on other moles although immatures of I. angustus parasitized these hosts. Of the ticks examined in this study, I. pacificus is the only species that quests on vegetation or that feeds on larger animals including man. Immature stages of I. pacificus were collected from small mammal and lizard hosts in the valley sampling site.
TL;DR: Pyrethrum was outstanding and far superior to the other repellents in preventing ticks of all stages from biting; however, it did not repel ticks from a distance.
Abstract: Experiments were carried out to determine the effect of repellents against ticks in the laboratory and in an infested natural cave. The materials were applied to rats by spraying them with a solution of the repellent in ethanol. Pyrethrum was outstanding and far superior to the other repellents in preventing ticks of all stages from biting; however, it did not repel ticks from a distance. Further, pyrethrum had a delayed toxic effect on ticks in laboratory experiments.
TL;DR: A gynandromorph was found among adult Ixodes holocyclus Neumann which had moulted from nymphs that engorged on a short-nosed bandicoot, Isoodon macrourus (Could), which originated from ticks trapped on Tamborine Mountain, Queensland.
Abstract: A gynandromorph was found among adult Ixodes holocyclus Neumann which had moulted from nymphs that engorged on a short-nosed bandicoot, Isoodon macrourus (Could). The nymph was derived from a laboratory colony of I. holocyclus which originated from ticks trapped on Tamborine Mountain, Queensland. The specimen has been deposited in the tick collection of the CSIRO Long Pocket Laboratories, Brisbane. The dimensions of the unfed gynandromorph (width 2.6 mm., posterior end to base of capitulum 3. I mm., capitulum and hypostome 1.2 mm) fall within the range given by Roberts (1970) for female I. holocyclus. The capitulum, hypostome and palps are typically female except that the areae porosae are absent. A male-like scutum covers the entire dorsal surface of the body except for the left posterior corner where there is a small area of unsclerotised cuticle (Fig. 2). The ventral surface appears male-like; both adanal and anal plates are present and the anal groove is absent. The genital aperture is malformed but resembles that of the female more than that of the male (Fig. 3). Normal males and females are shown in
[...]
TL;DR: A case of tick bite in a 4-year-old Japanese boy is reported, and the parasite was identified as an adult female tick, Ixodes persulcatus Schulze, which is one of the most common ticks in Japan.
Abstract: A case of tick bite in a 4-year-old Japanese boy is reported. The parasite was identified as an adult female tick, Ixodes persulcatus Schulze, which is one of the most common ticks in Japan.
Journal Article•
Journal Article•
Journal Article•
Journal Article•