The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) is an independent organization devoted to the development of standards.

American Society for Testing and Materials

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Properties Of Concrete

Properties and applications of foamed concrete; a review

An enhanced extreme learning machine model for river flow forecasting: State-of-the-art, practical applications in water resource engineering area and future research direction

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Design And Control Of Concrete Mixtures

Predicting compressive strength of lightweight foamed concrete using extreme learning machine model

https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/preview/754382/On%20void%20structure%20and%20strength%20of%20%20foamed%20concrete%20made%20without%20with%20additives.pdf

On void structure and strength of foamed concrete made without/with additives

https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/preview/742232/On%20Entrained%20Pore%20Size%20Distribution%20%201%20of%20Foamed%20Concrete.pdf

On entrained pore size distribution of foamed concrete

This paper describes an experimental study of an enhancement of pre-formed foamed concrete, 1300-1900 kg/m3, by utilising two types of additives, silica fume and fly ash, to partially replace Portland cement and fine sand. It focuses on consistency, mechanical and thermal properties as well as presenting a comparison with normal weight, lightweight and foamed concretes from the literature. In addition to conventional foamed concrete mixes (FC), foamed concrete mixes with high flowability and strength (FCa) were also manufactured in this study. The FC mixes had 28-day compressive strengths from 6 to 23 MPa and corresponding thermal conductivities in the dry state from 0.475 to 0.951 W/mK, whereas for the same density range, the FCa mixes gave 19-47 MPa and 0.498-0.962 W/mK, respectively. Compared to other studies on foamed concrete, the results from the mixes investigated in this study showed higher strengths (for a given density), higher tensile to compressive strength ratios and higher moduli of elasticity.

/pdf/the-use-of-additives-to-enhance-properties-of-pre-formed-2coqvyeee0.pdf

The Use of Additives to Enhance Properties of Pre-Formed Foamed Concrete

Concrete is a composite material that consists of a binding medium and aggregate particles and can be formed in several types. It may be considered to consist of three phases: a cement paste, the aggregate, and the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) between them. In addition to ordinary Portland cement, the essential components of the base of concrete are aggregates and water. For practical requirements, additives and admix‐ tures can be added to these raw materials to improve some desirable characteristics. The following requirements should be considered in producing high performance concrete (HPC): (i) low water/cement (w/c) ratio; (ii) fine aggregate; (iii) large quantity of mineral additives, silica fume, and fly ash; (iv) high dosage of superplasticizer; and (v) high-pressure steam curing. The microstructure of high performance concrete (HPC) is more homogenous than that of normal concrete (NC) due to the physical and chemical contribution of the additives (silica fume and fly ash) as well as it is less porous due to reduced w/c ratio with the addition of a superplasticizer. Inclusion of additives (individually or in combination) helped in improving the strength and durability of concrete mixes due to the additional reduction in porosity of cement paste and an improved interface between it and the aggregate.

/pdf/microstructure-of-concrete-dudal1jthy.pdf

Ameer A. Hilal

Papers

Predicting compressive strength of lightweight foamed concrete using extreme learning machine model

On void structure and strength of foamed concrete made without/with additives

On entrained pore size distribution of foamed concrete

The Use of Additives to Enhance Properties of Pre-Formed Foamed Concrete

Microstructure of Concrete