There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These

Phd by thesis

Statistical physics has proven to be a fruitful framework to describe phenomena outside the realm of traditional physics. Recent years have witnessed an attempt by physicists to study collective phenomena emerging from the interactions of individuals as elementary units in social structures. A wide list of topics are reviewed ranging from opinion and cultural and language dynamics to crowd behavior, hierarchy formation, human dynamics, and social spreading. The connections between these problems and other, more traditional, topics of statistical physics are highlighted. Comparison of model results with empirical data from social systems are also emphasized.

Statistical physics of social dynamics

N G van Kampen 1981 Amsterdam: North-Holland xiv + 419 pp price Dfl 180 This is a book which, at a lower price, could be expected to become an essential part of the library of every physical scientist concerned with problems involving fluctuations and stochastic processes, as well as those who just enjoy a beautifully written book. It provides an extensive graduate-level introduction which is clear, cautious, interesting and readable.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0031-9112/34/4/040/pdf

Stochastic Processes in Physics and Chemistry

From the Publisher: 
The accessible presentation of this book gives both a general view of the entire computer vision enterprise and also offers sufficient detail to be able to build useful applications. Users learn techniques that have proven to be useful by first-hand experience and a wide range of mathematical methods. A CD-ROM with every copy of the text contains source code for programming practice, color images, and illustrative movies. Comprehensive and up-to-date, this book includes essential topics that either reflect practical significance or are of theoretical importance. Topics are discussed in substantial and increasing depth. Application surveys describe numerous important application areas such as image based rendering and digital libraries. Many important algorithms broken down and illustrated in pseudo code. Appropriate for use by engineers as a comprehensive reference to the computer vision enterprise.

Computer vision : a modern approach = 计算机视觉 : 一种现代的方法

We determine the $N$-particle stationary states of a staggered stochastic hopping model with reflective boundaries. It is shown that the stationary states are in fact so-called optimum ground states. Recursion relations in the particle number for any $l$-point density correlation function will be derived. Furthermore, the connection between reflective boundaries and the occurrence of optimum ground states is examined. An explicit counterexample shows that reflective boundaries do not enforce the stationary state to be an optimum ground state.

Exact stationary state of a staggered stochastic hopping model

We study the stationary properties of a microscopic traffic flow model related to a continuous time mass transport process. It is a stochastic collision-free mapping of a classical deterministic first order car-following model calibrated by the targeted speed function and the driver reaction time. The stationary states of the model are analytically treated for vanishing reaction time. Some approximations are calculated, assuming a product form of the invariant measure. When the reaction time is strictly positive, the process is studied by simulation. A relation between the parameters and the propagation of kinematic stop-and-go waves is identified as identical to the well-known stability condition of the car-following model. The results underline a negative impact of the driver reaction time parameter on the homogeneity of the flow in stationary state.

Stationary State Properties of a Microscopic Traffic Flow Model Mixing Stochastic Transport and Car-Following

We propose a new method for the calculation of thermodynamic properties of one-dimensional quantum systems by combining the TMRG approach with the corner transfer-matrix method. The corner transfer-matrix DMRG method brings reasonable advantage over TMRG for classical systems. We have modified the concept for the calculation of thermal properties of one-dimensional quantum systems. The novel QCTMRG algorithm is implemented and used to study two simple test cases, the classical Ising chain and the isotropic Heisenberg model. In a discussion, the advantages and challenges are illuminated.

Quantum Corner-Transfer Matrix DMRG

A recently introduced cellular automaton model for Internet traffic is investigated in the context of boundary induced phase transitions and the appropriate phase diagrams. Since the model allows multi allocation of sites there are some deviations in the internal dynamics as well as in global properties compared to known driven lattice gas models. As a consequence the yielding phase diagram derived by numerical simulations reveals some interesting new features like a capacity shift in dependence to the allocation number.

Phase Diagrams of an Internet Model with Multi-Allocation of Sites

Motivated by recent experimental results for the step sizes of dynein motor proteins, we develope a cellular automata model for intra-cellular traffic of dynein motors incorporating special features of the hindrance-dependent step size of the individual motors. We begin by investigating the properties of the aggressive driving model (ADM), a simple cellular automata-based model of vehicular traffic, a unique feature of which is that it allows a natural extension to capture the essential features of dynein motor traffic. We first calculate several collective properties of the ADM, under both periodic and open boundary conditions, analytically using two different mean-field approaches as well as by carrying out computer simulations. Then we extend the ADM by incorporating the possibilities of attachment and detachment of motors on the track which is a common feature of a large class of motor proteins that are collectively referred to as cytoskeletal motors. The interplay of the boundary and bulk dynamics of attachment and detachment of the motors to the track gives rise a phase where high and low density phases separated by a stable domain wall coexist. We also compare and contrast our results with the model of Parmeggiani et. al. (Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 90}, 086601 (2003)) which can be regarded as a minimal model for traffic of a closely related family of motor proteins called kinesin. Finally, we compare the transportation efficiencies of dynein and kinesin motors over a range of values of the model parameters.

Andreas Schadschneider

Papers

Exact stationary state of a staggered stochastic hopping model

Stationary State Properties of a Microscopic Traffic Flow Model Mixing Stochastic Transport and Car-Following

Quantum Corner-Transfer Matrix DMRG

Phase Diagrams of an Internet Model with Multi-Allocation of Sites

From aggressive driving to molecular motor traffic