The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) is an independent organization devoted to the development of standards.

American Society for Testing and Materials

*Co-chairs of the subcommittee that prepared this document. Note: The committee acknowledges the contribution of associate member Paul Kelley. ACI encourages the development and appropriate use of new and emerging technologies through the publication of the Emerging Technology Series. This series presents information and recommendations based on available test data, technical reports, limited experience with field applications, and the opinions of committee members. The presented information and recommendations, and their basis, may be less fully developed and tested than those for more mature technologies. This report identifies areas in which information is believed to be less fully developed, and describes research needs. The professional using this document should understand the limitations of this document and exercise judgment as to the appropriate application of this emerging technology.

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Guide for the Design and Construction of Externally Bonded FRP Systems for Strengthening Concrete Structures

The “Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete” (“Code”) covers the materials, design, and construction of structural concrete used in buildings and where applicable in nonbuilding structures. The Code also covers the strength evaluation of existing concrete structures. Among the subjects covered are: contract documents; inspection; materials; durability requirements; concrete quality, mixing, and placing; formwork; embedded pipes; construction joints; reinforcement details; analysis and design; strength and serviceability; flexural and axial loads; shear and torsion; development and splices of reinforcement; slab systems; walls; footings; precast concrete; composite flexural members; prestressed concrete; shells and folded plate members; strength evaluation of existing structures; provisions for seismic design; structural plain concrete; strut-and-tie modeling in Appendix A; alternative design provisions in Appendix B; alternative load and strength reduction factors in Appendix C; and anchoring to concrete in Appendix D. The quality and testing of materials used in construction are covered by reference to the appropriate ASTM standard specifications. Welding of reinforcement is covered by reference to the appropriate American Welding Society (AWS) standard. Uses of the Code include adoption by reference in general building codes, and earlier editions have been widely used in this manner. The Code is written in a format that allows such reference without change to its language. Therefore, background details or suggestions for carrying out the requirements or intent of the Code portion cannot be included. The Commentary is provided for this purpose. Some of the considerations of the committee in developing the Code portion are discussed within the Commentary, with emphasis given to the explanation of new or revised provisions. Much of the research data referenced in preparing the Code is cited for the user desiring to study individual questions in greater detail. Other documents that provide suggestions for carrying out the requirements of the Code are also cited.

"building code requirements for structural concrete (aci 318-11) and commentary"

A review on the utilization of fly ash

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Properties Of Concrete

An all composite bridge with integral sensor network has been designed and built at the University of Missouri-Rolla (UMR). An extensive experimental study and finite element analysis were carried out to obtain and compare properties (stiffness, strength, failure modes) of 76 mm (3 in) square hollow pultruded Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) tubes and their assemblies. Tube assemblies were used in the fabrication of bridge deck designed for H-20 truckloads as specified by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). The bridge is 9.14 m (30 ft) long and is 2.74 m (9 ft) wide. All the coupons were tested under three- or four-point bending. Experimental results show excellent linear elastic behavior up to failure and are in good agreement with finite element solutions. A quarter portion of the full-sized bridge deck was then tested for its structural performance under design and fatigue loading and also for ultimate load capacity to evaluate the bridge response. The characteristics of the full-size bridge deck were determined by analyzing the performed tests. The test sample showed almost no reduction in stiffness or strength after 2 million cycles of fatigue loading in excess of the design load. The bridge was installed at the UMR campus in July 2000. The bridge is equipped with fiber optic sensors, and the response of the bridge will be remotely monitored.

Modeling and Experimental Testing of a Smart Composite Bridge

Comportamiento mechanico de FRCM (Matriz cementicia reforzada con tejido) compuestos de capas multiples

Experimental evaluation of full-scale FRP-confined reinforced concrete columns

The use of externally bonded FRP-systems is an effective retrofitting technique widely recognized to increase strength and deformability of reinforced concrete columns. With the expanding use of FRP jacketing, accurate prediction in performance for design purposes becomes increasingly important, achieved through well characterised materials. A critical parameter in predicting the ultimate behaviour of FRP confined concrete is measured with the ultimate FRP tensile strain, determined from material direct tensile tests. However, ultimate FRP tensile strain determined experimentally according to flat coupon tests has not been reached at the circumferential (hoop) rupture of FRP jackets confining concrete cylinders. This paper presents the development of a novel 'Investigation of Circumferential-strain Experimental' (ICE) methodology for FRP characterisation, aimed at providing a reliable experimental technique to assess the ultimate hoop strain of FRP laminates. The ICE methodology uses the unique property of water that expands when it changes state of matter from liquid to solid, as a medium to apply an internal hydrostatic pressure replicating the effect of concrete columns subjected to axial loads. The method was first assessed on circular metal containers to assess its feasibility, and then validated on cylindrical Glass FRP specimens made of different diameters and laminate thicknesses. The results indicate that the proposed ICE methodology is a reliable test method generating statistically reproducible hoop strain measurements, while providing an effective test technique. Furthermore, average ultimate hoop strain results indicate a lower level of strain than those found in similar flat coupon specimens under direct tensile tension.

ICE methodology for FRP characterisation

The objectives of this project are: (1) the development and construction of a field data acquisition system capable of acquiring all the possible measurands involved in a load test; and (2) acquisition of the tools needed for the installation of the sensors. The proposed project uses the results and experience gained in prior studies at the University of Missouri, Rolla (UMR). The equipment enhanced the research capabilities at UMR.

Antonio Nanni

Papers

Modeling and Experimental Testing of a Smart Composite Bridge

Comportamiento mechanico de FRCM (Matriz cementicia reforzada con tejido) compuestos de capas multiples

Experimental evaluation of full-scale FRP-confined reinforced concrete columns

ICE methodology for FRP characterisation

Monitoring of Bridge Structures Equipment