The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) is an independent organization devoted to the development of standards.

American Society for Testing and Materials

*Co-chairs of the subcommittee that prepared this document. Note: The committee acknowledges the contribution of associate member Paul Kelley. ACI encourages the development and appropriate use of new and emerging technologies through the publication of the Emerging Technology Series. This series presents information and recommendations based on available test data, technical reports, limited experience with field applications, and the opinions of committee members. The presented information and recommendations, and their basis, may be less fully developed and tested than those for more mature technologies. This report identifies areas in which information is believed to be less fully developed, and describes research needs. The professional using this document should understand the limitations of this document and exercise judgment as to the appropriate application of this emerging technology.

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Guide for the Design and Construction of Externally Bonded FRP Systems for Strengthening Concrete Structures

The “Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete” (“Code”) covers the materials, design, and construction of structural concrete used in buildings and where applicable in nonbuilding structures. The Code also covers the strength evaluation of existing concrete structures. Among the subjects covered are: contract documents; inspection; materials; durability requirements; concrete quality, mixing, and placing; formwork; embedded pipes; construction joints; reinforcement details; analysis and design; strength and serviceability; flexural and axial loads; shear and torsion; development and splices of reinforcement; slab systems; walls; footings; precast concrete; composite flexural members; prestressed concrete; shells and folded plate members; strength evaluation of existing structures; provisions for seismic design; structural plain concrete; strut-and-tie modeling in Appendix A; alternative design provisions in Appendix B; alternative load and strength reduction factors in Appendix C; and anchoring to concrete in Appendix D. The quality and testing of materials used in construction are covered by reference to the appropriate ASTM standard specifications. Welding of reinforcement is covered by reference to the appropriate American Welding Society (AWS) standard. Uses of the Code include adoption by reference in general building codes, and earlier editions have been widely used in this manner. The Code is written in a format that allows such reference without change to its language. Therefore, background details or suggestions for carrying out the requirements or intent of the Code portion cannot be included. The Commentary is provided for this purpose. Some of the considerations of the committee in developing the Code portion are discussed within the Commentary, with emphasis given to the explanation of new or revised provisions. Much of the research data referenced in preparing the Code is cited for the user desiring to study individual questions in greater detail. Other documents that provide suggestions for carrying out the requirements of the Code are also cited.

"building code requirements for structural concrete (aci 318-11) and commentary"

A review on the utilization of fly ash

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Properties Of Concrete

Background In the case of reinforced (RC) or prestressed concrete (PC) structures, a promising new repair technology involves the use of externally bonded FRP laminates. Similar to steel plate bonding, FRP laminate bonding involves adhering a thin, flexible fiber sheet to the concrete surface with a thermoset resin. This technique, known as manual lay-up, may be used to increase the shear and flexural capacity of beams and slabs and to increase confinement in columns. In addition, the system does not add significant dead load to the structure, suffers little from corrosion, and may be installed in a relatively short period of time. Figure 1 shows (a) the fiber sheet and (b) its installation.

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Carbon Fibers in Civil Structures: Rehabilitation and New Construction

The research presented in this paper describes the evolution of a cost-effective, structural Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) stay-in-place (SIP) formwork bridge deck system integrated with a modular three-dimensional FRP reinforcement cage. Recent research conducted at the University of Wisconsin is reviewed to show the evolution of the reinforcing system to include a FRP SIP formwork system. The evolution of the system occurred through the laboratory testing, design and construction of two Wisconsin state-owned bridge structures. Each structure utilized different FRP reinforcing and formwork systems. These projects pointed out the need for a competitive SIP formwork system to be used in conjunction with a FRP reinforcement system. Two specimens with different systems of reinforcement and SIP formwork were tested. Fullscale bridge deck slab specimens were tested by applying a simulated wheel design load in order to investigate the static load performance, ultimate capacity and failure mechanism. The most economical FRP reinforcing system will be implemented into a superstructure replacement project in Greene County, Missouri. Ringelstetter, T., Bank, L., Oliva, M., Russell, J., Matta, F., Nanni, A. 3

Development of a Cost-Effective Structural FRP Stay-In-Place Formwork System for Accelerated and Durable Bridge Deck Construction

Flexural Strengthening of Bridge Piers Using FRP Composites

Flexural strengthening of RC beams using emerging materials: ultimate behavior

Tensile and shear testing to final fracture of large-diameter, fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite round bars is often challenging because local stress triaxiality near the gripping ends can precipitate premature failure at these locations, instead of in the desired test gauge section. A method using expansive grout materials has been used, though its design is impaired by the lack of understanding of the gripping pressure developed by the confined expansive grout material. In this paper, an analytical solution has been derived to correlate the hoop strain on the outer surface of the confining steel pipe (caused by grout expansion in the steel pipe) to the grout's elastic modulus and coefficient of linear expansion. By experimentally measuring the exterior surface hoop strains of two different steel pipes, the elastic modulus and coefficient of linear expansion were determined. This solution has been generalized to include the composite bar and predict the gripping pressure at the bar-grout interface for any given pipe and composite bar combination. Based on the analytical results, expressions for key design parameters for improved expansive grout-based gripping systems, including the minimum grip length, optimum dimensions of the confinement pipes, and minimum volume of the grout material, have been provided. Based on the improved design, glass FRP bars of diameters 19.0 to 38.0 mm (0.75 to 1.5 in.) were tested without gripping problems and with failure loads up to 534 kN (126 kip), which significantly exceeds 400 kN (90 kip), the load level identified as a threshold of concern. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533 .0000807. © 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers.

Antonio Nanni

Papers

Carbon Fibers in Civil Structures: Rehabilitation and New Construction

Development of a Cost-Effective Structural FRP Stay-In-Place Formwork System for Accelerated and Durable Bridge Deck Construction

Flexural Strengthening of Bridge Piers Using FRP Composites

Flexural strengthening of RC beams using emerging materials: ultimate behavior

Expansive Grout-Based Gripping Systems for Tensile Testing of Large-Diameter Composite Bars