Arthur Friedman

TL;DR: To generate a viral antigen for presentation to the immune system without the limitations of direct peptide delivery or viral vectors, plasmid DNA encoding influenza A nucleop protein was injected into the quadriceps of BALB/c mice and resulted in the generation of nucleoprotein-specific CTLs.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that DNA vaccines may be more effective, particularly against different strains of virus, than inactivated virus or subvirion vaccines.

TL;DR: Immunization of mice with the NP and HA expression vectors resulted in protection from subsequent lethal challenges of influenza using either heterologous or homologous strains, respectively.

TL;DR: Investigating the role of muscle cells and involvement of professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in priming CTL responses following DNA vaccination found expression of antigen by muscle cells in BM chimeric mice after myoblast transplantation is sufficient to induce CTL restricted only by the MHC haplotype of the donor BM, indicating that transfer of antigen from myocytes to professional APCs can occur.

TL;DR: The present study characterized in more detail the cellular immune responses induced by NP DNA, which included robust lymphoproliferation and Th1-type cytokine secretion in response to antigen-specific restimulation of splenocytes in vitro.