Balázs Hangya

TL;DR: A class of interneurons that express vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) mediates disinhibitory control in multiple areas of neocortex and is recruited by reinforcement signals, revealing a specific cell type and microcircuit underlying disinhibited control in cortex and demonstrating that it is activated under specific behavioural conditions.

TL;DR: A connection between the circuit-level function of different interneuron types in regulating the flow of information and the behavioural functions served by the cortical circuits is suggested, bolster the hope that functional response diversity during behaviour can in part be explained by cell-type diversity.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that performance changes related to different levels of expectancy originate in dynamic modulation of delta oscillation phase and that the fastest reactions occurred during the delta phase that most commonly coincided with the target event in high expectancy conditions.

TL;DR: Surprisingly, cholinergic neurons responded to reward and punishment with unusual speed and precision and were highly similar across neurons and two nuclei innervating distinct cortical areas, revealing that the Cholinergic system broadcasts a rapid and precisely timed reinforcement signal, supporting fast cortical activation and plasticity.

TL;DR: Whether the sequence of events during theta formation supports the classic view of septal drive or the challenging theory of hippocampal pacing of theta is uncovered by analyzing the temporal relationship of activity between the PV/HCN-containing medial sePTal neurons and hippocampal local field potential.