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Using Multivariate Statistics

Attachment--and loss.

The chapter begins with a distinction made between the interactions children have with peers, the relationships they form with peers, and the groups and networks within which peer interactions and relationships occur. From this conceptual overview, a review of relevant theories is presented. Thereafter, a developmental perspective of peer interactions, relationships, and groups is presented covering the periods of infancy, toddlerhood, early childhood, middle childhood, and adolescence. Subsequently, methods and measures pertaining to the study of children's peer experiences are described. Next, we examine factors that may account for peer acceptance and rejection as well as qualitatively rich and poor friendships. Among the factors discussed are included temperament (biological factors), sex of child, parenting, parent-child relationships, and culture. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the extent to which individual differences in peer acceptance, rejection and friendship (prevalence and quality) predict adaptive and maladaptive developmental outcomes and a suggested agenda for future research.


Keywords:

friendship;
peer interactions;
peer relationships;
peer rejection;
social acceptance;
social competence

Peer Interactions, Relationships, and Groups

The present report is submitted in response to General Assembly resolution 61/106, by which the Assembly adopted the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the Optional Protocol thereto. As requested by the Assembly, a brief overview of the status of the Convention as at 3 August 2007 is presented. The report also contains a brief description of technical arrangements on staff and facilities made necessary for the effective performance of the functions of the Conference of States Parties and the Committee under the Convention and the Optional Protocol, and a description on the progressive implementation of standards and guidelines for the accessibility of facilities and services of the United Nations system. Recent efforts of the United Nations and agencies to disseminate information on the Convention and the Optional Protocol are also described.

わかりやすい障害者の権利条約 : 知的障害のある人の権利のために = Convention on the rights of persons with disabilities

Is early preventive intervention effective in enhancing parental sensitivity and infant attachment security, and if so, what type of intervention is most successful? Seventy studies were traced, producing 88 intervention effects on sensitivity (n = 7,636) and/or attachment (n = 1,503). Randomized interventions appeared rather effective in changing insensitive parenting (d = 0.33) and infant attachment insecurity (d = 0.20). The most effective interventions used a moderate number of sessions and a clear-cut behavioral focus in families with, as well as without, multiple problems. Interventions that were more effective in enhancing parental sensitivity were also more effective in enhancing attachment security, which supports the notion of a causal role of sensitivity in shaping attachment.

Less is more: Meta-analyses of sensitivity and attachment interventions in early childhood.

Mindset of staff supporting parents with intellectual disabilities: the association with working alliance and parental intentions to ask professional support

Children exposed to traumatic events are at increased risk for developing symptoms of a Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Children often discuss emotional, and therefore also traumatic, events in their lives with their parents, and the quality of these discussions can facilitate coping and further development. The study aim was 1) to explore whether the association between the quality of dialogue between mothers and children about emotional events and children’s posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) might be indirectly linked through children’s adaptive coping skills, and 2) whether this association differed when discussing different negative emotions. 169 mother–child dyads with interpersonal trauma-exposure (86% domestic violence, 14% mother and/or child sexually abused) participated in the Autobiographical Emotional Events Dialogue (AEED). Quality of mother–child emotion dialogue, captured in maternal sensitive guidance and child cooperation, and approach-oriented coping were coded from transcripts. PTSS was measured with the Child Behavior Checklist. Lower quality of mother–child emotion dialogue was associated with less approach-oriented coping and more symptoms of posttraumatic stress. There was an indirect effect of approach-oriented coping with angry feelings linking quality of mother–child emotion dialogue and child PTSS. Children’s symptoms of posttraumatic stress were reflected in the quality of mother–child dialogues about traumatic and other emotional events. Findings support that dialogues about emotional events may be a promising target for intervention with children exposed to trauma.

/pdf/quality-of-mother-child-dialogue-about-emotional-events-39v5os88ri.pdf

Quality of Mother–child Dialogue About Emotional Events, Coping and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms Among Children Exposed to Interpersonal Trauma

Fostering secure attachment during psychotherapy for children with severe ID and visually impairment

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mex.2022.101889

Conceptual comparison of constructs as first step in data harmonization: Parental sensitivity, child temperament, and social support as illustrations

Aim: South Africa has the world’s highest prevalence of HIV/AIDS: in 2009 approximately 56 million people lived with HIV/AIDS, that is approximately 11% of the national population HIV/AIDS is reported for 327% of the women aged between 25 and 29 years and 291% between 30 and 34 years Psychotic disorder associated with HIV tends to surface when the illness has progressed to its later stages of development and affects an estimated 02 to 15% of HIV+ patients Due to her chronic physical symptoms, but also due to her psychiatric symptoms the infected mother may be less physically or emotionally available for her developing child or display confusing or frightening behavior, resulting in insecure or disorganized attachment relationships This systematic literature review describes and synthesises studies addressing the parenting difficulties of mothers with HIV/AIDS and HIV/AIDS-psychosis in order to better understand its effects on parenting Method: Academic Search Premier, Africa-Wide Information, CINAHL, ERIC, Health Source, Medline/Pubmed, PsycARTICLES and PsycINFO databases were searched via EBSCOhost for relevant articles from 1997 to 2011 resulting in 4370 articles Findings from fifty-one peer reviewed articles were deemed relevant using defined inclusion criteria Results: None of the studies simultaneously focused on the topics HIV/AIDS, psychotic disorders and parenting Studies identified a number of resilience factors that partly offset the risk of HIV/AIDS, namely an improved maternal bond and motherhood being a source of hope, esteem, motivation Identified risks include parental concerns and stressors as well as physical illness and hospitalization; with social relations and support being a risk factor as well as a resiliency factor Studies on parents with psychosis report decreased theory of mind and -mentalization, poor social relationships and –support networks, abnormal parental behavior, insensitive caregiving and problematic attachment representations which result in poor parenting outcomes Conclusion: A moderation model integrates the results Psychosis is likely to exacerbate the effects of HIV/AIDS on parenting Increased awareness of the likelihood and importance of these symptoms may be used to improve care for families with a mother affected by HIV/AIDS-psychosis

Carlo Schuengel

Papers

Mindset of staff supporting parents with intellectual disabilities: the association with working alliance and parental intentions to ask professional support

Quality of Mother–child Dialogue About Emotional Events, Coping and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms Among Children Exposed to Interpersonal Trauma

Fostering secure attachment during psychotherapy for children with severe ID and visually impairment

Conceptual comparison of constructs as first step in data harmonization: Parental sensitivity, child temperament, and social support as illustrations

Parenting difficulties of mothers with HIV/AIDS and HIV/AIDS-psychosis: a systematic literature review