Carrie A. Cizauskas

TL;DR: The most comprehensive spatially explicit data set available for parasites, projected range shifts in a changing climate, and estimated extinction rates for eight major parasite clades is compiled, finding that ectoparasites (especially ticks) fare disproportionately worse than endopar asites.

TL;DR: The protection of parasitic biodiversity requires a paradigm shift in the perception and valuation of their role as consumer species, similar to that of apex predators in the mid‐20th century, and an extension of population viability analysis for host–parasite assemblages to assess extinction risk is proposed.

TL;DR: Biological traits that may render parasite species particularly vulnerable to extinction are proposed (including high host specificity, complex life cycles and narrow climatic tolerance), and critical gaps in knowledge of parasite biology and ecology are identified.

TL;DR: Challenges of studying environmental transmission and persistence with a six‐sided interdisciplinary review of the biology of anthrax are identified, and how anthrax dynamics are shaped at the smallest scale by population genetics and interactions within the bacterial communities up to the broadest scales of ecosystem structure is discussed.

TL;DR: Hormonal evidence is found that both mares and ewes are overwhelmingly seasonal breeders in ENP, and that reproductive hormones are correlated with immunosuppression and higher susceptibility to GI parasite infections, supporting the hypothesis that hosts are tolerant of their parasites.