Parasite vulnerability to climate change: an evidence-based functional trait approach.
Carrie A. Cizauskas,Colin J. Carlson,Kevin R. Burgio,Christopher F. Clements,Eric R. Dougherty,Nyeema C. Harris,Anna J. Phillips +6 more
TLDR
Biological traits that may render parasite species particularly vulnerable to extinction are proposed (including high host specificity, complex life cycles and narrow climatic tolerance), and critical gaps in knowledge of parasite biology and ecology are identified.Abstract:
Despite the number of virulent pathogens that are projected to benefit from global change and to spread in the next century, we suggest that a combination of coextinction risk and climate sensitivity could make parasites at least as extinction prone as any other trophic group. However, the existing interdisciplinary toolbox for identifying species threatened by climate change is inadequate or inappropriate when considering parasites as conservation targets. A functional trait approach can be used to connect parasites' ecological role to their risk of disappearance, but this is complicated by the taxonomic and functional diversity of many parasite clades. Here, we propose biological traits that may render parasite species particularly vulnerable to extinction (including high host specificity, complex life cycles and narrow climatic tolerance), and identify critical gaps in our knowledge of parasite biology and ecology. By doing so, we provide criteria to identify vulnerable parasite species and triage parasite conservation efforts.read more
Citations
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Parasite biodiversity faces extinction and redistribution in a changing climate
Colin J. Carlson,Kevin R. Burgio,Eric R. Dougherty,Anna J. Phillips,Veronica M. Bueno,Christopher F. Clements,Giovanni Castaldo,Tad A. Dallas,Carrie A. Cizauskas,Graeme S. Cumming,Jorge Doña,Nyeema C. Harris,Roger Jovani,Sergey Mironov,Oliver Muellerklein,Heather C. Proctor,Wayne M. Getz,Wayne M. Getz +17 more
TL;DR: The most comprehensive spatially explicit data set available for parasites, projected range shifts in a changing climate, and estimated extinction rates for eight major parasite clades is compiled, finding that ectoparasites (especially ticks) fare disproportionately worse than endopar asites.
Journal ArticleDOI
Geodetic measurements reveal similarities between post–Last Glacial Maximum and present-day mass loss from the Greenland ice sheet
Shfaqat Abbas Khan,Ingo Sasgen,Michael Bevis,Tonie van Dam,Jonathan L. Bamber,John Wahr,Michael J. Willis,Kurt H. Kjær,Bert Wouters,Veit Helm,Bea Csatho,Kevin Fleming,Anders A. Bjørk,Andy Aschwanden,Per Knudsen,Peter Kuipers Munneke +15 more
TL;DR: The new deglaciation history and GIA uplift estimates suggest that studies that use the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment satellite mission to infer present-day changes in the GrIS may have erroneously corrected for GIA and underestimated the mass loss by about 20 gigatons/year.
Journal ArticleDOI
A global parasite conservation plan
Colin J. Carlson,Skylar R. Hopkins,Kayce C. Bell,Kayce C. Bell,Jorge Doña,Jorge Doña,Stephanie S. Godfrey,Mackenzie L. Kwak,Kevin D. Lafferty,Melinda L. Moir,Melinda L. Moir,Kelly A. Speer,Giovanni Strona,Mark E. Torchin,Chelsea L. Wood +14 more
TL;DR: In this article, a working group identified 12 goals for the next decade that could advance parasite biodiversity conservation through an ambitious mix of research, advocacy, and management, and proposed a strategy to improve parasite biodiversity.
Journal ArticleDOI
An Ecological Framework for Modeling the Geography of Disease Transmission
TL;DR: A theoretical framework based on the biological properties of both hosts and parasites is proposed to produce reliable outputs resembling disease system distributions and will help the field of disease ecology and applications of biogeography in the epidemiology of infectious diseases.
Journal ArticleDOI
Extensive Uncharted Biodiversity: The Parasite Dimension.
TL;DR: Limited understanding of myxozoan diversification and geographical distributions is summarized, gaps in knowledge and approaches for measuring myxozooan diversity are highlighted, and Myxozoa is highlighted as an exemplary case for demonstrating uncharted parasite diversity.
References
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Has the Earth’s sixth mass extinction already arrived?
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Journal ArticleDOI
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Stuart L. Pimm,Clinton N. Jenkins,Robin Abell,Thomas M. Brooks,John L. Gittleman,Lucas Joppa,Peter H. Raven,Callum M. Roberts,Joseph O. Sexton +8 more
TL;DR: The biodiversity of eukaryote species and their extinction rates, distributions, and protection is reviewed, and what the future rates of species extinction will be, how well protected areas will slow extinction Rates, and how the remaining gaps in knowledge might be filled are reviewed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Accelerating extinction risk from climate change
TL;DR: Estimating a global mean extinction rate was synthesized in order to determine which factors contribute the greatest uncertainty to climate change–induced extinction risks and suggest that extinction risks will accelerate with future global temperatures.
Book
Evolutionary Ecology of Parasites
TL;DR: That lexity is an inherent and avoidable outcome of natural systems is a major theme of this book and I have little doubt that it will help improve countless diverse, human agendas.
Journal ArticleDOI
Introduced species and their missing parasites
TL;DR: The number of parasite species found in native populations is twice that found in exotic populations, and introduced populations are less heavily parasitized than are native populations.