Christian Draing

TL;DR: The results prove that impaired binding of TLR-ligands from the pathogenic S. aureus strain are not the cause for the inadequate mammary immune response elicited by this pathogen, and the pathogen causing subclinical mastitis impairs NF-kappaB activation in MEC thereby severely weakening the immune response in the udder.

TL;DR: It is shown that TNF-α induction by Borrelia lysate was impaired in heterozygous TLR-2 knockout mice, while reactivity to lipoteichoic acid, another TLR -2 ligand signaling via TLr-2/TLR-6 heterodimers, was unaffected, suggesting that Arg753Gln may protect from the development of late stage LD due to a reduced signaling viaTLR/TLr-1.

TL;DR: The stronger innate immune response of males in comparison to females appears to stem not only from a difference in monocyte counts but also from the steepness of the response curve.

TL;DR: In vitro experiments revealed no major differences for adhesion to human intestinal epithelial cells, biofilm formation, and immunomodulation, and the role of the dlt operon in lactobacilli is discussed in view of these results.

TL;DR: The data suggest that stimulation of TLR2 or TLR4 results in differential pulmonary inflammation, which may be of relevance for understanding pathogenic mechanisms at play during gram-positive and gram-negative respiratory tract infection.