Co-Planar Stereotaxic Atlas of the Human Brain—3-Dimensional Proportional System: An Approach to Cerebral Imaging, J. Talairach, P. Tournoux. Georg Thieme Verlag, New York (1988), 122 pp., 130 figs. DM 268

Thank you for downloading an introduction to the event related potential technique. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look hundreds times for their favorite readings like this an introduction to the event related potential technique, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some malicious bugs inside their laptop.

An Introduction To The Event Related Potential Technique

The mismatch negativity (MMN) in basic research of central auditory processing: a review.

We provide an “executive-attention” framework for organizing the cognitive neuroscience research on the constructs of working-memory capacity (WMC), general fluid intelligence, and prefrontal cortex (PFC) function. Rather than provide a novel theory of PFC function, we synthesize a wealth of singlecell, brain-imaging, and neuropsychological research through the lens of our theory of normal individual differences in WMC and attention control (Engle, Kane, & Tuholski, 1999; Engle, Tuholski, Laughlin, & Conway, 1999). Our critical review confirms the prevalent view that dorsolateral PFC circuitry is critical to executive-attention functions. Moreover, although the dorsolateral PFC is but one critical structure in a network of anterior and posterior “attention control” areas, it does have a unique executiveattention role in actively maintaining access to stimulus representations and goals in interference-rich contexts. Our review suggests the utility of an executive-attention framework for guiding future research on both PFC function and cognitive control.

/pdf/the-role-of-prefrontal-cortex-in-working-memory-capacity-jwrotkwivk.pdf

The role of prefrontal cortex in working-memory capacity, executive attention, and general fluid intelligence: An individual-differences perspective

Event-related potentials ~ERPs! recorded from the human scalp can provide important information about how the human brain normally processes information and about how this processing may go awry in neurological or psychiatric disorders. Scientists using or studying ERPs must strive to overcome the many technical problems that can occur in the recording and analysis of these potentials. The methods and the results of these ERP studies must be published in a way that allows other scientists to understand exactly what was done so that they can, if necessary, replicate the experiments. The data must then be analyzed and presented in a way that allows different studies to be compared readily. This paper presents guidelines for recording ERPs and criteria for publishing the results.

/pdf/guidelines-for-using-human-event-related-potentials-to-study-4ls0lbji26.pdf

Guidelines for using human event-related potentials to study cognition: Recording standards and publication criteria

We examined the neural correlates associated with a short gap between two identical pure tones (within-channel) and between two diierent tones (between-channel) in an odd-ball paradigm. Gap durations were selected such that a gap between identical tones was as discriminable as a gap between two diierent tones. Spatio-temporal dipole source modeling of electrophysiological data revealed a signi¢cant diierence between standard and deviant gap stimuli, with mismatch negativity responses that were comparable in amplitude and latency for within- and betweenchannel conditions.Therefore, the ability to automatically register discontinuity (i.e., gap) within and between channels is comparable despite signi¢cant diierences in gap size.The dipole source modeling suggests that both within- and between-gap signals are represented in or near the primary auditory cortex. NeuroReport 15:2051^2056 � c 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

/pdf/within-and-between-channel-gap-detection-in-the-human-2g2uhikzba.pdf

Within- and between-channel gap detection in the human auditory cortex.

Afferent-efferent connectivity between auditory brainstem and cortex accounts for poorer speech-in-noise comprehension in older adults.

Intracerebral amplitude distributions of the auditory evoked potential.

Disturbances in processing simple acoustic changes in a stream of stimuli have been widely reported in patients with schizophrenia, but little is know about auditory feature conjunction in these individuals. This study was designed to examine the extent to which patients with schizophrenia automatically process changes in conjunction of auditory features by using event-related brain potentials. Seventeen patients and 17 age-matched controls were presented with frequent low pitch tones at 458 to the left of center and frequent high pitch tones at 458 to the right of center while performing a continuous visual serial-choice reaction time task. The sequence of auditory stimuli included rare conjunction-deviants comprised of a different combination of features ~e.g., low pitch tone at 458 right! and doubledeviant tones that differed from the standard tones in both pitch and location ~i.e., middle pitch at 08 azimuth!. Conjunction-deviant stimuli elicited an MMN wave that was maximum at frontocentral sites. Compared with controls, the MMN to conjunction-deviant was reduced in patients and was more centrally distributed. Double-deviant sounds generated a biphasic MMN followed by a P3a wave at central sites. Both MMN and P3a were reduced in patients compared with controls. These results show that patients with schizophrenia have difficulty in automatically detecting changes in a combination of auditory features as well as orienting to what “normally” would be considered salient by healthy individuals. Descriptors: Mismatch negativity ~MMN!, Evoked potential, Schizophrenia, Feature conjunction, Auditory

Deficits in automatically detecting changes in conjunction of auditory features in patients with schizophrenia

Cognitive decline is an unavoidable aspect of aging that impacts important behavioral and cognitive skills. Training programs can improve cognition, yet precise characterization of the psychological and neural underpinnings supporting different training programs is lacking. Here, we assessed the effect and maintenance (3-month follow-up) of 3-month music and visual art training programs on neuroelectric brain activity in older adults using a partially randomized intervention design. During the pre-, post-, and follow-up test sessions, participants completed a brief neuropsychological assessment. High-density EEG was measured while participants were presented with auditory oddball paradigms (piano tones, vowels) and during a visual GoNoGo task. Neither training program significantly impacted psychometric measures, compared to a non-active control group. However, participants enrolled in the music and visual art training programs showed enhancement of auditory evoked responses to piano tones that persisted for up to 3 months after training ended, suggesting robust and long-lasting neuroplastic effects. Both music and visual art training also modulated visual processing during the GoNoGo task, although these training effects were relatively short-lived and disappeared by the 3-month follow-up. Notably, participants enrolled in the visual art training showed greater changes in visual evoked response (i.e., N1 wave) amplitude distribution than those from the music or control group. Conversely, those enrolled in music showed greater response associated with inhibitory control over the right frontal scalp areas than those in the visual art group. Our findings reveal a causal relationship between art training (music and visual art) and neuroplastic changes in sensory systems, with some of the neuroplastic changes being specific to the training regimen.

/pdf/music-and-visual-art-training-modulate-brain-activity-in-3do57rjktm.pdf

Claude Alain

Papers

Within- and between-channel gap detection in the human auditory cortex.

Afferent-efferent connectivity between auditory brainstem and cortex accounts for poorer speech-in-noise comprehension in older adults.

Intracerebral amplitude distributions of the auditory evoked potential.

Deficits in automatically detecting changes in conjunction of auditory features in patients with schizophrenia

Music and Visual Art Training Modulate Brain Activity in Older Adults