David A. Leon

TL;DR: BMI is associated with cancer risk, with substantial population-level effects, and the heterogeneity in the effects suggests that different mechanisms are associated with different cancer sites and different patient subgroups.

TL;DR: In most populations studied, birth weight was inversely related to type 2 diabetes risk, and the shape of the birth weight-type 2 diabetes association was strongly graded, particularly at birth weights of 3 kg or less.

TL;DR: This study provides by far the most persuasive evidence of a real association between size at birth and mortality from ischaemic heart disease in men, which cannot be explained by methodological artefact or socioeconomic confounding and strongly suggests that it is variation in fetal growth rate rather thansize at birth that is aetiologically important.

TL;DR: Evidence is that substantial changes in alcohol consumption over the period could plausibly explain the main features of the mortality fluctuations observed and provide a major challenge to public health in Russia and to the understanding of the determinants of alcohol consumption and its role in explaining mortality patterns within and between many other countries.

TL;DR: It is confirmed that reduced fetal growth is associated with increased risk of diabetes and suggest a specific association with thinness at birth and this relation seems to be mediated through insulin resistance rather than through impaired β cell function and to depend on an interaction with obesity in adult life.