抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

A stepwise huisgen cycloaddition process: copper(I)-catalyzed regioselective "ligation" of azides and terminal alkynes.

The lion's share of bacteria in various environments cannot be cloned in the laboratory and thus cannot be sequenced using existing technologies. A major goal of single-cell genomics is to complement gene-centric metagenomic data with whole-genome assemblies of uncultivated organisms. Assembly of single-cell data is challenging because of highly non-uniform read coverage as well as elevated levels of sequencing errors and chimeric reads. We describe SPAdes, a new assembler for both single-cell and standard (multicell) assembly, and demonstrate that it improves on the recently released E+V-SC assembler (specialized for single-cell data) and on popular assemblers Velvet and SoapDeNovo (for multicell data). SPAdes generates single-cell assemblies, providing information about genomes of uncultivatable bacteria that vastly exceeds what may be obtained via traditional metagenomics studies. SPAdes is available online ( http://bioinf.spbau.ru/spades ). It is distributed as open source software.

SPAdes, a new genome assembly algorithm and its applications to single-cell sequencing ( 7th Annual SFAF Meeting, 2012)

J. Appl. Cryst.の発刊に際して

http://control.disp.uniroma2.it/galeani/CO/materiale/automatica2000.pdf

Survey Constrained model predictive control: Stability and optimality

Economic pressures are dispersing machine intelligence away from centralized computers toward distributed Fieldbus devices. Simultaneously, the control concept is being extended to include other operational factors such as quality assurance, process data management, just-in-time maintenance, and plant safety and availability. As credible sensing and actuation are essential prerequisites for advanced control, validation of the sensor and actuator interface is necessary. As such subsystems are linked to a range of different overall plant systems. We must consider generic validation and its reporting to the "next level up". This article discusses validation features which are best embedded in local devices. >

Sensor, actuator, and loop validation

Generalised predictive control with end-point state weighting is an extension of generalised predictive control (GPC) by including a weighting of the state vector at the end-point of the receding time frame. A zero weight reduces the algorithm to GPC, whereas an infinite weight gives constrained receding horizon predictive control. Guaranteed stability properties are derived based on the use of nonzero weighting. These stability results hold for any horizon greater than or equal to one. Some illustrative simulations are given.

Generalised predictive control with end-point state weighting

Modelling and tracking a vortex flow-meter signal

A population-based cohort of people with a clinical diagnosis of Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) was genetically assessed using molecular diagnostic methods and subsequently divided into the following genetic subtypes involving chromosome 15: 'deletion', 'disomy' and genetically negative (referred to as 'PWS-like'). The physical and behavioral characteristics of the three groups were compared in order to evaluate the unique characteristics of the phenotype resulting from loss of expression of imprinted genes at 15q11q13 (PWS vs. PWS-like cases), the possible effect of either haploid insufficiency of non-imprinted genes (deletion cases), or gain of function of imprinted genes (disomy cases) located within the PWS critical region at 15q11q13. In this study, the main differences between probands with either a deletion or disomy are considered, and the possible involvement of contributing genes discussed. The differences within the PWS group proved difficult to quantify. It would appear that haploid insufficiency or gain of function are more subtle contributors than gender-specific genomic imprinting in the production of the PWS phenotype.

A study of the influence of different genotypes on the physical and behavioral phenotypes of children and adults ascertained clinically as having PWS

https://www.pure.ed.ac.uk/ws/files/11553357/Structural_and_Functional_Studies_of_the_Biotin_Protein_Ligase_from_Aquifex_aeolicus_Reveal_a_Critical_Role_for_a_Conserved_Residue_in_Target_Specificity.pdf

Structural and functional studies of the biotin protein ligase from Aquifex aeolicus reveal a critical role for a conserved residue in target specificity.

David Clarke

Papers

Sensor, actuator, and loop validation

Generalised predictive control with end-point state weighting

Modelling and tracking a vortex flow-meter signal

A study of the influence of different genotypes on the physical and behavioral phenotypes of children and adults ascertained clinically as having PWS

Structural and functional studies of the biotin protein ligase from Aquifex aeolicus reveal a critical role for a conserved residue in target specificity.