There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

日本物理学会誌及びJournal of the Physical Society of Japanの月刊について

System Identification I

Journal of Statistical Mechanics: theory and experiment

This paper reviews the state of the art of field- programmable gate array (FPGA) design methodologies with a focus on industrial control system applications. This paper starts with an overview of FPGA technology development, followed by a presentation of design methodologies, development tools and relevant CAD environments, including the use of portable hardware description languages and system level programming/design tools. They enable a holistic functional approach with the major advantage of setting up a unique modeling and evaluation environment for complete industrial electronics systems. Three main design rules are then presented. These are algorithm refinement, modularity, and systematic search for the best compromise between the control performance and the architectural constraints. An overview of contributions and limits of FPGAs is also given, followed by a short survey of FPGA-based intelligent controllers for modern industrial systems. Finally, two complete and timely case studies are presented to illustrate the benefits of an FPGA implementation when using the proposed system modeling and design methodology. These consist of the direct torque control for induction motor drives and the control of a diesel-driven synchronous stand-alone generator with the help of fuzzy logic.

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FPGA Design Methodology for Industrial Control Systems—A Review

This paper presents and analyzes the asymmetrical voltage-cancellation (AVC) control, a generalized control technique for resonant inverters. It is applied to the popular full-bridge series resonant inverter. The proposed control technique achieves better efficiency performances than conventional fixed-frequency control strategies, while considering zero-voltage-switching operation, output power and load variations. The theoretical results are verified experimentally, using a prototype for an induction-heating cooking appliance.

Asymmetrical voltage-cancellation control for full-bridge series resonant inverters

A novel design is proposed for an electronically tunable impedance unit. The prototypes include lumped elements, but no electromechanical control methods. The devices can tune many different complex impedances at minimum manufacture costs. Two antenna input impedance automatic matching systems are also presented, based on the tuning network. One includes a simplified version of the generic tuner, which can achieve good matching levels between the antenna and the power module with low losses. In a more complete version, an application specific integrated circuit control unit is developed including a complex search algorithm. In order to obtain a good matching level, both systems require a control module to select the proper tuner impedance configuration. The measurements and results of both constructed prototypes are presented. The designs were carried on terrestrial trunked radio mobile stations in the 380-400-MHz frequency band and supported high power levels (greater than 40 dBm).

An RF electronically controlled impedance tuning network design and its application to an antenna input impedance automatic matching system

In this paper several research topics pertaining to the design and modeling of domestic induction appliances are reviewed. Each topic is summarized, stressing its most significant advances and pointing to its future tendencies. A bibliographic review showing some of the published papers during the last years is included. The emphases and relative contributions of some of them are also discussed.

Domestic Induction Appliances

This paper presents the use of frequency modulation as a spread spectrum technique to reduce conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI) in the A frequency band (9-150 kHz) caused by resonant inverters used in induction heating home appliances. For sinusoidal, triangular, and sawtooth modulation profiles, the influence of peak period deviation in EMI reduction and in the power delivered to the load is analyzed. A digital circuit that generates the best of the analyzed modulation profiles is implemented in a field programmable gate array. The design is modeled in a very-high-speed integrated circuits hardware description language (VHDL). The digital circuit, the power converter, and the spectrum analyzer are simulated all together using a mixed-signal simulation tool to verify the functionality of the VHDL description. The spectrum analyzer is modeled in VHDL-analog and mixed-signal extension language (VHDL-AMS) and takes into account the resolution bandwidth stipulated by the EMI measurement standard. Finally, the simulations are experimentally verified on a 3.5 kW resonant inverter operating at 35 kHz.

FPGA Implementation of a Switching Frequency Modulation Circuit for EMI Reduction in Resonant Inverters for Induction Heating Appliances

This paper presents a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation technique applied to a series-resonant multiple-output inverter for new multi-inductor domestic induction heating platforms. The control of the topology is based on a system-on-programmable chip (SoPC) solution, which combines the MicroBlaze embedded soft-core processor and a customized peripheral that generates the power converter control signals. The firmware is written in C, and the customized peripheral is described using a hardware description language. Simulating the whole system using digital or mixed-signal simulation tools is a very time-consuming task due to the embedded processor model complexity, and additionally, it does not support tracing C instructions. To overcome these limitations, this paper proposes a real-time simulation test bench. The embedded processor core, peripherals, and the power converter model are all implemented into the same field-programmable gate array (FPGA). Using the hardware and software debugging tools supplied by the FPGA vendor, currents and voltages of the power converter model are monitored, and firmware C instructions are traced while running on the embedded processor core. Then, it is presented a design flow that is proven to be an effective and low-cost solution to verify the functionality of the customized peripheral and to implement a platform to perform firmware verification.

Denis Navarro

Papers

Asymmetrical voltage-cancellation control for full-bridge series resonant inverters

An RF electronically controlled impedance tuning network design and its application to an antenna input impedance automatic matching system

Domestic Induction Appliances

FPGA Implementation of a Switching Frequency Modulation Circuit for EMI Reduction in Resonant Inverters for Induction Heating Appliances

Real-Time FPGA-Based Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation Test Bench Applied to Multiple-Output Power Converters