Showing papers by "Diederick E. Grobbee published in 1996"
TL;DR: Results from observational studies provide strong evidence that all alcoholic drinks are linked with lower risk, so that much of the benefit is from alcohol rather than other components of each type of drink.
Abstract: Objectives: To review the effect of specific types of alcoholic drink on coronary risk. Design: Systematic review of ecological, case-control, and cohort studies in which specific associations were available for consumption of beer, wine, and spirits and risk of coronary heart disease. Subjects: 12 ecological, three case-control, and 10 separate prospective cohort studies. Main outcome measures: Alcohol consumption and relative risk of morbidity and mortality from coronary heart disease. Results: Most ecological studies suggested that wine was more effective in reducing risk of mortality from heart disease than beer or spirits. Taken together, the three case-control studies did not suggest that one type of drink was more cardioprotective than the others. Of the 10 prospective cohort studies, four found a significant inverse association between risk of heart disease and moderate wine drinking, four found such an association for beer, and four for spirits. Conclusions: Results from observational studies, where alcohol consumption can be linked directly to an individual9s risk of coronary heart disease, provide strong evidence that all alcoholic drinks are linked with lower risk. Thus, a substantial portion of the benefit is from alcohol rather than other components of each type of drink. Key messages Key messages We examined the relation between specific alcoholic drinks and reduction of risk of coronary heart disease by summarising published reports from ecological, case-control, and cohort studies Most ecological studies suggested that wine was more effective in reducing risk of mortality than beer or spirits, whereas the three case-control studies together did not suggest that one type of drink was more cardioprotective than others Of the 10 prospective cohort studies, four found a significant inverse association between risk of heart disease and moderate wine drinking, four found the association for beer, and four found it for spirits. The evidence suggests that all alcoholic drinks are linked with lower risk, so that much of the benefit is from alcohol rather than other components of each type of drink
996 citations
TL;DR: Radiographic OA is associated with high BMD and increased rate of bone loss with age, which suggests a more pronounced difference in BMD earlier in life.
Abstract: Objective To investigate the relationship of osteoarthritis (OA) to bone mineral density (BMD) and rate of bone loss
Methods The study group consisted of 2,745 persons (1,624 women) from the general elderly population Disability was assessed by the Health Assessment Questionnaire Femoral neck BMD was measured at baseline and, in 1,723 subjects, after 2 years of followup Knee and hip radiographic OA was assessed on anteroposterior radiographs
Results With the exception of knee radiographic OA in men, radiographic OA was associated with significantly increased BMD (3–8%) BMD increased significantly according to the number of affected sites and the Kellgren score Radiographic OA was also associated with significantly elevated bone loss with age (in men, only for radiographic OA of the hip) A significant increase in relation to the number of affected sites and the Kellgren score (except with regard to knee OA in men) was found, independent of disability
Conclusion Radiographic OA is associated with higher BMD and increased rate of bone loss This suggests a more pronounced difference in BMD earlier in life
252 citations
TL;DR: The Rotterdam Study as discussed by the authors investigated the association of primary open-angle glaucoma and intraocular pressure (IOP) with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus and blood glucose using regression analysis.
225 citations
TL;DR: This study lends support to the view that noninvasively assessed increased intima-media thickness of the distal common carotid artery is an indicator of generalized atherosclerosis.
190 citations
TL;DR: The results suggest that the current mode of routine prenatal ultrasound screening for congenital malformations is inefficient, particularly for cardiac anomalies.
Abstract: Background Second trimester routine ultrasound evaluation of the fetal heart by means of the four-chamber view has been proposed for prenatal detection of cardiac anomalies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of this procedure. Methods and Results A prospective follow-up study on 6922 scanned fetuses was performed. Pregnant women without known risk factors who were scheduled for a routine fetal ultrasound examination between 16 and 24 weeks gestation were invited to participate. Follow-up until 6 months postpartum was available for 5660 subjects (81.8%), of whom 5319 fulfilled all eligibility criteria. By comparing the prenatal diagnosis to the postnatal diagnosis, we obtained sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value (positive and negative). A total of 80 cases of congenital malformations were diagnosed during the study: 44 cases of congenital heart disease, 40 cases of noncardiac malformations, and a combination of the two in 4 cases. The fetal four chamber–view examination was cons...
175 citations
TL;DR: The present study provides valid age- and sex-specific estimates of prevalence of stroke and the degree to which the event had led to hospitalization and a substantial proportion of patients with stroke is not hospitalized.
Abstract: Background and Purpose We assessed the prevalence of self-reported and medically confirmed stroke and the degree to which the event had led to hospitalization. Methods From all participants of the ...
136 citations
TL;DR: For both men and women a pronounced increase in age adjusted discharge rates for heart failure was observed in the Netherlands from 1980 to 1993, and readmissions were a prominent feature among heart failure patients.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the trend in hospital admission rates for heart failure in the Netherlands from 1980 to 1993. DESIGN: All hospital admissions in the Netherlands with a principal discharge diagnosis of heart failure were analysed. In addition, individual records of heart failure patients from a subset of 7 hospitals were analysed to estimate the frequency and timing of readmissions. RESULTS: The total number of discharges for men increased from 7377 in 1980 to 13 022 in 1993, and for women from 7064 to 12 944. From 1980 through 1993 age adjusted discharge rates rose 48% for men and 40% for women. Age adjusted in-hospital mortality for heart failure decreased from 19% in 1980 to 15% in 1993. For all age groups in-hospital mortality for men was higher than for women. The mean length of hospital admissions in 1993 was 14.0 days for men and 16.4 days for women. A review of individual patient records from a 6.3% sample of all hospital admissions in the Netherlands indicated that within a 2 year period 18% of the heart failure patients were admitted more than once and 5% more than twice. CONCLUSIONS: For both men and women a pronounced increase in age adjusted discharge rates for heart failure was observed in the Netherlands from 1980 to 1993. Readmissions were a prominent feature among heart failure patients. Higher survival rates after acute myocardial infarction and the longer survival of patients with heart disease, including heart failure may have contributed to the observed increase. The importance of advances in diagnostic tools and of possible changes in admission policy remain uncertain.
125 citations
TL;DR: It seems likely that a sizeable proportion of the age-specific reduction in mortality in The Netherlands during the period 1978–85 could have resulted from primary and seondary prevention measures.
Abstract: Objective To study the relative contributions of medical care and changes in cardiovascular risk factors to the decline in coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality in The Netherlands from 1978 to 1985. Methods The number of potential CHD deaths prevented in this period was estimated by subtracting the number of observed CHD deaths from the number of deaths that would have occurred without any change in age-specific CHD mortality. In addition, the number of myocardial infarctions over this period was determined. Using estimates of risk associated with smoking, based on national and international data, of effects of changes in total cholesterol level, of benefits of antihypertensive drug treatment and effects of different intervention strategies in subjects with a previous myocardial infarction, we calculated the relative contribution of the separate factors to the decline in CHD mortality. Results The estimated contribution of treatment in coronary care units, postinfarction treatment and coronary bypass grafting to the fall in CHD mortality was 46%. Approximately 44% of the decline in CHD mortality could be attributed to primary prevention efforts (cessation of smoking, change in cholesterol level and treatment of hypertension). Conclusion On the basis of available estimates of the potential effects of primary and secondary prevention it seems likely that a sizeable proportion of the age-specific reduction in mortality in The Netherlands during the period 1978-85 could have resulted from these measures. However, our findings should be considered to be estimates illustrating the relative benefits of different strategies rather than absolute figures.
90 citations
TL;DR: Whether first and late second trimester serum total and high density lipoprotein cholesterol are associated with blood pressure, uterine artery pulsatility index and pregnancy outcome is investigated.
75 citations
TL;DR: Fetal echocardiography for known increased risk appears to be moderately effective, and clear differences in yield are present across currently accepted risk categories.
54 citations
TL;DR: In order to assess the accuracy of various volumetric methods for screening and follow‐up of prostatic disease, total prostate volume and inner zone volume were measured by transrectal ultrasonography in a screening population of 716 men.
Abstract: In order to assess the accuracy of various volumetric methods for screening and follow-up of prostatic disease, total prostate volume and inner zone volume were measured by transrectal ultrasonography in a screening population of 716 men Semiplanimetric and caliper formula methods were compared with step section planimetry as the gold standard Planimetric volumetry of the prostate is regarded as the most reproducible method for individual follow-up of total gland and inner zone volume The prorate spheroid formula is the most reproducible of caliper formula methods for both volumes In this study the elliptical volume was, however, more accurate than the prorate spheroid volume of the total gland, as the correlation coefficient between total elliptical volume and planimetry was higher compared to the prorate spheroid volume (089 vs 083), and the standard deviation of the mean volumetric difference smaller The mean total prorate spheroid volume resembled the mean total planimetric volume better than the elliptical volume did, as the mean volumetric difference was smaller For measurement of the inner zone volume the prorate spheroid volume was more accurate than the elliptical volume The correlation coefficient between length and planimetric volume was similar to that of width and height, which accounted for more accuracy of the elliptical volume than of the prorate spheroid volume in larger prostates The elliptical volume might be used for incidental volumetric measurements of the total gland, and for comparison of different individuals, e g, in preoperative evaluation or screening studies
TL;DR: There was an impressive increase in the hospital based incidence for aneurysms of the abdominal aorta during the past two decades in The Netherlands, but gender differences and the rise in the number of ruptured aneurYSms suggest that a real increase in incidence may exist, especially in men.
TL;DR: The EUROSTROKE database is drawn from ten European population-based prospective follow-up studies (cohorts) and is designed as a case-control study nested within these ten ongoing studies.
Abstract: EUROSTROKE is a collaborative study among ten European research centres to investigate (1) the variation in incidence of fatal and non-fatal ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke among populations in different European countries; (2) whether the observed differences in stroke incidence across countries can be explained by differences in prevalence of established cardiovascular risk factors; (3) the relative importance of selected dietary factors (potassium intake, smoking, alcohol consumption), haemostatic disturbances (fibrinogen) and co-morbidity (rheumatic heart disease, atrial fibrillation) compared to established risk factors as determinants of the occurrence of ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke. The EUROSTROKE database is drawn from ten European population-based prospective follow-up studies (cohorts) and is designed as a case-control study nested within these ten ongoing studies.
TL;DR: A small group of patients (4%) used sumatriptan too often, and a high intake was associated with both male gender and a reported poor efficacy of sum atriptan, but not with age, reported adverse reactions, or headache attributed to sumatripan.
Abstract: Objective: To investigate the frequency of use and misuse of sumatriptan, and to explore the char- acteristics of patients reporting overuse. Setting: A postmarketing cohort study on adverse reactions to sumatriptan, performed with the assis- tance of drug-dispensing general practitioners in the Netherlands. Methods: Questionnaires were sent to patients on suma- triptan of drug-dispensing general practitioners in the Netherlands. Use of sumatriptan was classified into five groups: < 1, 1-10, 11-20 and 21-30 times per month and a group of patients who reported daily use of sumatriptan more than 10 times per week. Patients in the latter group were regarded as "overusers". Results: The request to the 1720 patients yielded a response rate of 1202 (70 %). Of 952 (79 %) of these patients, details of their sumatriptan intake were avail- able. Most patients (718, 75 %) took sumatriptan 1-10 times each month. However, 36 patients (4 %, 95 % CI 2.8-5.2%) took sumatriptan daily or more than 10 times each week. The group with the highest intake consisted mainly of males, and many patients who reported a poor eƒcacy of sumatriptan. Age was not related to use of sumatriptan. Conclusions: A small group of patients (4 %) used suma- triptan too often. A high intake was associated with both male gender and a reported poor eƒcacy of suma- triptan, but not with age, reported adverse reactions, or headache attributed to sumatriptan. It is important to explain to patients that sumatriptan is only for the treatment of acute attacks, and not for prophylactic use. Drug consumption patterns have to be evaluated, in particular in patients who report low eƒcacy of sumatriptan.
TL;DR: Reduced levels of HDL3 cholesterol and apolipoprotein A2 may be early risk indicators for coronary atherosclerosis later in life, adding to the growing evidence that predictors for atherosclerotic disease can be detected relatively early in life.
TL;DR: It is suggested that in the elderly age, gender, serum lipids, diastolic pressure and smoking may influence APC response, the extent of which may differ by age.
01 Jan 1996
TL;DR: Results fromservational studies, wherealcohol consumption can be linked directly to an individual's risk ofcoronary heartdisease, provide strong evidence that allalcoholic drinks are linked withlower risk.
Abstract: Objectives-To review theeffect ofspecific types ofalcoholic drink oncoronary risk. Design-Systematic review ofecological, casecontrol, andcohort studies inwhich specific associations wereavailable forconsumption ofbeer, wine, andspirits andrisk ofcoronary heart disease. Subjects-12 ecological, threecase-control, and 10separate prospective cohort studies. Mainoutcomemeasures-Alcohol consumption andrelative riskofmorbidity andmortality from coronary heart disease. Results-Most ecological studies suggested that winewasmoreeffective inreducing risk ofmortality fromheartdisease thanbeerorspirits. Taken together, thethreecase-control studies didnot suggest thatonetypeofdrinkwasmorecardioprotective thantheothers. Ofthe10prospective cohort studies, fourfounda significant inverse association betweenriskofheartdisease and moderate winedrinking, fourfound suchanassociation forbeer, andfour forspirits. Conclusions-Results fromobservational studies, wherealcohol consumption canbelinked directly to an individual's riskofcoronary heartdisease, provide strong evidence that allalcoholic drinks are linked withlower risk. Thus, asubstantial portion of thebenefit isfromalcohol rather thanother components ofeachtypeofdrink.
TL;DR: On the basis of the study design optimised approaches to identify loci affecting human longevity are discussed and how these loci relate to survival are established.