THE DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTS. By Oscar Kempthorne. New York, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1952. 631 pp. $8.50. This book by a teacher of statistics (as well as a consultant for \"experimenters\") is a comprehensive study of the philosophical background for the statistical design of experiment. It is necessary to have some facility with algebraic notation and manipulation to be able to use the volume intelligently. The problems are presented from the theoretical point of view, without such practical examples as would be helpful for those not acquainted with mathematics. The mathematical justification for the techniques is given. As a somewhat advanced treatment of the design and analysis of experiments, this volume will be interesting and helpful for many who approach statistics theoretically as well as practically. With emphasis on the \"why,\" and with description given broadly, the author relates the subject matter to the general theory of statistics and to the general problem of experimental inference. MARGARET J. ROBERTSON

The Design and Analysis of Experiments

The air conditioning (AC) system provides cool, heating and ventilation in the cabin of the electric vehicles (EVs). It is necessary to control the interior thermal environments of the vehicle and ensure safety in visibility. Because AC systems are electrically powered, vehicle range is reduced drastically when the AC system is operating. EVs present a particular challenge to the development of more efficient AC systems for automotive applications. In this paper, the state of the art for various AC system solutions to EVs was critically reviewed. The investigations of alternative solutions are continuing along many parallel routes, e.g. vapor compression refrigeration-dedicated heater AC systems, reversible vapor compression heat pump AC systems, non-vapor compression AC systems and integrated thermal management system combined AC and battery pack. The characteristics and particular applications of each solution have been extensively discussed. Finally, a comparison listing the various pros and cons of the different available solutions was presented.

The solutions to electric vehicle air conditioning systems: A review

Advanced cooling techniques of P.V. modules: A state of art

A cross-flow wind turbine has a high torque coefficient at a low tip speed ratio; therefore, it is a good candidate for a self-starting turbine. This study aims to investigate the best configuration between guide vanes and cross-flow vertical axis wind turbine. The experiment test was carried out to determine the turbine with the highest power coefficient. The cross-flow turbine has 14, 18, and 22 blades with using 6,10 and 14 blades of guide vane (GV) was developed in this study, employing 15°, 25°, 35°, 45°, 55°, 65°, and 75° of tilt angles in fifth different wind speed conditions 4 m/s, 6 m/s, 7.5 m/s, 9.20 m/s, and 11 m/s. The turbine has 22 blades with 14 GV blades at 55° of tilt angle blades producing more remarkable turbine performance improvement than other blades. The highest power coefficient (CP) of cross-flow using 14 GV blades at 55° was 0.0162 at 0.289 TSR, which increased around 59% of the turbine's performance using GV.

Study the influence of using guide vanes blades on the performance of cross-flow wind turbine

Advances in PV and PVT cooling technologies: A review

A magnetorheological brake (MRB) with serpentine flux type for ankle-foot orthosis (rehabilitation device) was assessed its performance regarding braking torque and dynamic range. This assessment was conducted based on a problem that the MRB did not generate sufficient braking torque for the orthosis device. The braking capability was appraised through analytical approached based on the prototype design. The magnetic circuit of the MRB design was firstly investigated its capability for generating magnetic flux at braking surface area using finite element method magnetic (FEMM) software. Governing equation was derived to determine the braking performance i.e. braking torque and dynamic range as a function of applied current. The main factors influencing the braking performance were magneto-induced shear stress, the clearance between rotor and stator, and braking surface area. Especially for shear stress, this factor was totally influenced by the magnetic flux generated within the braking area. These all fa...

/pdf/performance-prediction-of-serpentine-type-compact-43gf247dd6.pdf

Performance prediction of serpentine type compact magnetorheological brake prototype

Urban living is one of the areas with large electrical power consumption that requires a power supply that is more than rural areas. The number of multi-storey buildings such as offices, hotels and several other buildings that caused electricity power consumption in urban living is very high. Therefore, energy alternative is needed to replace the electricity power consumption from government. One of the utilization of renewable energy in accordance with these conditions is the installation of wind turbines. One type of wind turbine that is now widely studied is a crossflow wind turbines. Crossflow wind turbine is one of vertical axis wind turbine which has good self starting at low wind speed condition. Therefore, the turbine design parameter is necessary to know in order to improve turbine performance. One of wind turbine performance parameter is blades number. The main purpose of this research to investigate the effect of blades number on crossflow wind turbine performance. The design of turbine was 0.4 × 0.4 m2 tested by experimental method with configuration on three kinds of blades number were 8,16 and 20. The turbine investigated at low wind speed on 2 – 5 m/s. The result showed that best performance on 16 blade number.

/pdf/experimental-investigation-on-performance-of-crossflow-wind-26no81c98a.pdf

Experimental investigation on performance of crossflow wind turbine as effect of blades number

Non-renewable energy source will run out quickly and pollute dangerously the environment. This causes the change in using source of energy to the renewable energy which is clean and eco-friendly. Wind turbine is one of renewable energy which is eco-friendly and having abundant sources. Indonesia has wind velocity for about 4 m/s which is appropriate to be installed Savonius wind turbine. This paper aims to increase Savonius wind turbine performance by adding slotted 5 mm and 7 mm, at 30 % chord of blade. In measuring the turbine, blower fans were used as the source of wind with the wind velocity of about 4 m/s to 7 m/s. The result showed that applying slotted blades could increase torque, therefore it was able to produce performance improvement at the condition of low angular velocity. The highest power coefficient occurred when slotted blades variation 5 mm at 30 % chord of blade is 0.118 at TSR 0.350.

Savonius turbine performance with slotted blades

The braking torque mathematical modelling in electromagnetic eddy current brake (ECB) often ignores the skin effect that occurrs during operation. However this phenomenon can not be simply neglected. Therefore, this paper presents a mathematical model of braking torque for a unipolar axial type of ECB system with a non-magnetic disk, which considers the skin effects. The use of mathematical models that consider the existence of skin effects is significant in approaching the braking torque according to the actual condition. The utilization of generic calculations to the model of the ECB braking torque leads to invalid results. Hence, in this paper, the correction factor was added to improve the braking torque calculation as a comparator to the proposed equation. However, the modification and addition of the correction factor were only valid to estimate the low-speed regimes of torque, but very distant for the high-speed condition. From the comparison of calculated values using analytical and 3D modelling, the amount of braking torque at a low speed was found to have an average error for the equation using a correction factor of 1.78 Nm, while after repairing, a value of 1.16 Nm was obtained. For the overall speed, an average error of 14.63 Nm was achieved, while the proposed equation had a small difference of 1.79 Nm. The torque difference from the calculation results of the proposed model with the measurement value in the experiment was 4.9%. Therefore, it can be concluded that the proposed equation provided a better braking torque value approach for both low and high speeds.

https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/7/1561/pdf

A Novel Approach on the Unipolar Axial Type Eddy Current Brake Model Considering the Skin Effect

The workable way to improve pump performance is to redesign or modify the impellers of centrifugal pump. The purpose of impeller pump modification is to improve pump efficiency, reduce cross flow, reduce secondary incidence flows, and decrease backflow areas at impeller outlets. Number blades and splitter blades in the impeller are three. The outlet blade angle is 20°, and the rotating speed of impeller is 2400 rpm. The added splitter blades variations are 0.25, 0.375, and 0.5 of the original blade length. The splitter blade placements are on the outer side of the impeller. The addition of splitter blades on the outer side of the impeller with 0.5L increases the pump head until 22% and the pump has 38.66% hydraulic efficiency. The best efficiency point of water flow rate pump (Qbep) was 3.02 × 10−3 m3/s.

Dominicus Danardono Dwi Prija Tjahjana

Papers

Performance prediction of serpentine type compact magnetorheological brake prototype

Experimental investigation on performance of crossflow wind turbine as effect of blades number

Savonius turbine performance with slotted blades

A Novel Approach on the Unipolar Axial Type Eddy Current Brake Model Considering the Skin Effect

Improvement of centrifugal pump performance through addition of splitter blades on impeller pump