Francesco E. Pontieri

TL;DR: Addiction is the expression of the excessive control over behavior acquired by drug‐related stimuli as a result of abnormal strenghtening of stimulus‐drug contingencies by nondecremental drug‐induced stimulation of dopamine transmission in the nucleus accumbens shell.

TL;DR: Overall non-motor symptom progression does not follow motor deterioration, is symptom-specific, and only development of specific domains negatively impacts quality of life, which has consequences for drug studies targeting non-Motor features.

TL;DR: It is suggested that amphetamine and cocaine increase extracellular DA in the PFCX largely through the blockade of the NA carrier, and direct evidence for this hypothesis was provided by the observation that, when theNA carrier was blocked by reverse dialysis of the P FCX with desipramine, cocaine and GBR 12909 lost their differences in the ability to increase extracllular DA.

TL;DR: Prevalence and clinical characteristics of NMS in patients with atypical and secondary parkinsonism and the prevalence of skin and respiratory disorders was rather low in all forms, ranging between 10 and 30%.

TL;DR: This study provides Class I evidence that riluzole reduces, by at least 5 points, the International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale (ICARS) score in patients with a wide range of disorders that cause cerebellar ataxia.