Showing papers by "Francis T. Cullen published in 2002"
TL;DR: This paper used data from the National Survey of Children (NSOC) to predict that juveniles high in negative emotionality and low in constraint will be more likely to react to strain with delinquency.
Abstract: Although Agnew's (1992) general strain theory (GST) has secured a fair degree of support since its introduction, researchers have had trouble explaining why some individuals are more likely than others to react to strain with delinquency. This study uses data from the National Survey of Children to address this issue. Drawing on Agnew (1997) and the psychological research on personality traits, it is predicted that juveniles high in negative emotionality and low in constraint will be more likely to react to strain with delinquency. Data support this prediction.
588 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide a review of recent theoretical developments in criminology to demonstrate that two interconnected themes, coercion and social support, provide the basis for a new consensus in theory and crime policy.
Abstract: Two themes, coercion and social support, have emerged over the past two decades in criminology that can be used to build a new integrated theory of crime. The authors provide a review of recent theoretical developments in criminology to demonstrate that two interconnected themes provide the basis for a new consensus in theory and crime policy. With some important exceptions, coercion causes crime and social support prevents crime. The authors develop a theory of differential social support and coercion that integrates concepts from a broad range of criminological theories. Implications of this integrated theory for public policy are explored.
330 citations
TL;DR: The results of a 1997 national-level study of stalking among college women showed that physical harm was not common, the incidents typically lasted two months, involved frequent contact by offenders, and prompted victims to take protective actions.
Abstract: Research Summary: We provide the results of a 1997 national-level study of stalking among college women. Over an approximately seven-month period, 13.1% of the women reported being stalked. Although physical harm was not common, the incidents typically lasted two months, involved frequent contact by offenders, and prompted victims to take protective actions. Lifestyle-routine activities, prior sexual victimization, and demographic characteristics affected the risk of victimization.
Policy Implications: Due to its prevalence, college and university administrators need to rectify their current neglect of stalking. Interventions may include educational programs, crime prevention seminars, reducing opportunities for stalking, and increasing informal and formal controls over stalkers.
246 citations
TL;DR: This paper found that men and women tend to hold moderately divergent views about crime, moral development, and attitudes toward an array of social issues, suggesting that a gender gap in crime views may exist.
230 citations
TL;DR: It was found that chaplains view offender adjustment and rehabilitation as goals of their counseling and generally employ methods and styles of correctional treatment that have been associated with reductions in recidivism.
Abstract: SUMMARY Since the inception of the penitentiary, prison chaplains have played an integral role in the lives of inmates. Research has been limited, however, that explores the involvement of chaplains in offender treatment. This research examines chaplains' historic and contemporary roles in correctional counseling, the degree to which chaplains are supportive of rehabilitation, and the content of chaplains' counseling sessions. The findings reveal that chaplains are highly supportive of rehabilitation, spend the majority of their time counseling inmates, and utilize a combination of religious and secular methods of counseling. Further, it was found that chaplains view offender adjustment and rehabilitation as goals of their counseling and generally employ methods and styles of correctional treatment that have been associated with reductions in recidivism.
56 citations
TL;DR: This paper used a national survey to examine the correctional orientation of prison chaplains, with a special focus on the level and sources of support for rehabilitation and punishment, and found that chaplain support incapacitation as the primary goal of prisons but also express high levels of support with respect to rehabilitation.
54 citations
01 Jan 2002
TL;DR: The authors found that being embedded in a work role as a teenager has general deleterious consequences for behavior, and that this effect was not accounted for by prior levels of delinquent involvement.
Abstract: Adolescent penetration into the labor market is a relatively new, and much understudied, phenomena. To date, limited empirical evidence suggests that the extensive employment of adolescents increases their offending. We bring together insights garnered from life-course criminology, which emphasizes the timing of transitional role changes; and economic sociology, which draws attention to the "social embeddedness" of development and decision-making. The objective is to test whether a youth's embeddedness within the labor market has deleterious consequences for the youth's behavior. Our results show that work embeddedness is positively related to delinquency, and that this effect is not accounted for by prior levels of delinquent involvement. These findings were replicated by use of a community sample. In total our findings suggest that being embedded in a work role as a teenager has general deleterious consequences for behavior.
31 citations
01 Sep 2002
23 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a survey of 539 residents of Cincinnati was used to examine the willingness to use guns in self-defense against crime and found that support for using deadly force against lawbreakers is largely contingent upon the threat of physical harm.
Abstract: A survey of 539 residents of Cincinnati is used to examine the willingness to use guns in self-defense against crime. Support for using deadly force against lawbreakers is largely contingent upon the threat of physical harm. In contrast to previous research, firearm owners and non-owners do not differ in their willingness to shoot offenders or in their support for using violence for defensive purposes. Such findings question the distinctiveness of these two groups. Support for firing at criminals, however, did have a cultural component. Willingness to shoot is positively related to childhood socialization into a gun culture and to holding violent attitudes. It also is positively related to the belief that crime is rising, perceived risk of victimization, being nonwhite, and being male.
10 citations