다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

Recent startling interest for lanthanide luminescence is stimulated by the continuously expanding need for luminescent materials meeting the stringent requirements of telecommunication, lighting, electroluminescent devices, (bio-)analytical sensors and bio-imaging set-ups. This critical review describes the latest developments in (i) the sensitization of near-infrared luminescence, (ii) “soft” luminescent materials (liquid crystals, ionic liquids, ionogels), (iii) electroluminescent materials for organic light emitting diodes, with emphasis on white light generation, and (iv) applications in luminescent bio-sensing and bio-imaging based on time-resolved detection and multiphoton excitation (500 references).

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Lanthanide luminescence for functional materials and bio-sciences

The world of organic luminophores has been confined for a long time to fairly standard biological labeling applications and to certain analytical tests. Recently, however, the field has undergone a major change of direction, driven by the dual needs to develop novel organic electronic materials and to fuel the rapidly emerging nanotechnologies. Among the many diverse fluorescent molecules, the Bodipy family, first developed as luminescent tags and laser dyes, has become a cornerstone for these new applications. The near future looks extremely bright for "porphyrin's little sister".

The Chemistry of Fluorescent Bodipy Dyes: Versatility Unsurpassed

The halogen bond occurs when there is evidence of a net attractive interaction between an electrophilic region associated with a halogen atom in a molecular entity and a nucleophilic region in another, or the same, molecular entity. In this fairly extensive review, after a brief history of the interaction, we will provide the reader with a snapshot of where the research on the halogen bond is now, and, perhaps, where it is going. The specific advantages brought up by a design based on the use of the halogen bond will be demonstrated in quite different fields spanning from material sciences to biomolecular recognition and drug design.

The Halogen Bond

Polyoxometalates (POMs) are discrete anionic metaloxygen clusters which can be regarded as soluble oxide fragments. They exhibit a great diversity of sizes, nuclearities, and shapes. They are built from the connection of {MOx} polyhedra, M being a d-block element in high oxidation state, usually VIV,V, MoVI, or WVI.1 While these species have been known for almost two centuries, they still attract much interest partly based on their large domains of applications. They play a great role in various areas ranging from catalysis,2 medicine,3 electrochemistry,4 photochromism,5 to magnetism.6 This palette of applications is intrinsically due to the combination of their added value properties (redox properties, large sizes, high negative charges, nucleophilicity...). Parallel to this domain, the organic-inorganic hybrids area has followed a similar expansion during the last 10 years. The concept of organic-inorganic hybrid materials * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: dolbecq@ chimie.uvsq.fr. Chem. Rev. 2010, 110, 6009–6048 6009

Hybrid Organic−Inorganic Polyoxometalate Compounds: From Structural Diversity to Applications

Formation of Gels and Liquid Crystals Induced by Pt⋅⋅⋅Pt and π–π* Interactions in Luminescent σ‐Alkynyl Platinum(II) Terpyridine Complexes

Ordering particles at the nanometre length scale is a challenging and active research area in materials science. Several approaches have so far been developed, ranging from the manipulation of individual particles to the exploitation of self-assembly in colloids. Nanometre-scale ordering is well known to appear spontaneously when anisotropic organic moieties form liquid-crystalline phases; this behaviour is also observed for anisotropic mineral nanoparticles resulting in the formation of nematic, smectic and hexagonal mesophases. Here we describe a lyotropic liquid-crystalline lamellar phase comprising an aqueous dispersion of planar solid-like sheets in which all the atoms involved in a layer are covalently bonded. The spacing of these phosphatoantimonate single layers can be increased 100-fold, resulting in one-dimensional structures whose periodicity can be tuned from 1.5 to 225 nanometres. These highly organized materials can be mechanically or magnetically aligned over large pH and temperature ranges, and this property can be used to measure residual dipolar couplings for the structure determination of biomolecules by liquid-state NMR. We also expect that our approach will result in the discovery of other classes of mineral lyotropic lamellar phases.

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Swollen liquid-crystalline lamellar phase based on extended solid-like sheets

Supramolecular gels and liquid-crystalline materials containing borondipyrromethene (F-Bodipy) are a new class of highly luminescent materials built by attachment of long-chain alkoxydiacylamido scaffoldings to boradiazaindacene templates. Robust gels were formed in nonane, and luminescence spectroscopy was used to probe the aggregation processes of the flat indacene cores. Coincidently, columnar mesophase was obtained from the pure material over a wide temperature range, allowing textural observations by fluorescence microscopy.

Highly luminescent gels and mesogens based on elaborated borondipyrromethenes

A strip of a liquid crystal elastomer doped with a near-infrared dye with one side crosslinked monodomain and the other crosslinked polydomain along the thickness behaves like a multifunctional photoactuator without the need for a support A flat strip with two ends fixed on substrate surface forms a moving bump under laser scanning, which can be used as light-fueled conveyor to transport an object Cutting off and laser scanning the bump with two free ends makes a soft and flexible millimeter-scale crawler that can not only move straight and climb an inclined surface, but also undergo light-guided turning to right or left as a result of combined out-of-plane and in-plane actuation Based on the self-shadowing mechanism, with one end of the strip fixed on substrate surface, it can execute a variety of autonomous arm-like movements under constant laser illumination, such as bending-unbending and twisting, depending on the laser incident angles with respect to the strip actuator

A Multifunctional Dye-doped Liquid Crystal Polymer Actuator: Light-Guided Transportation, Turning in Locomotion, and Autonomous Motion

A readily synthesized dipeptide shows unprecedented gelation behavior when dispersed and submitted to ultrasound in nonsolvents. SEM and FFEM revealed spectacular shape changes from a sheet-like material into a highly interconnected fiber network and ribbons while the dipeptide maintains an anti conformation inside β-sheets at the molecular scale.

Franck Camerel

Papers

Formation of Gels and Liquid Crystals Induced by Pt⋅⋅⋅Pt and π–π* Interactions in Luminescent σ‐Alkynyl Platinum(II) Terpyridine Complexes

Swollen liquid-crystalline lamellar phase based on extended solid-like sheets

Highly luminescent gels and mesogens based on elaborated borondipyrromethenes

A Multifunctional Dye-doped Liquid Crystal Polymer Actuator: Light-Guided Transportation, Turning in Locomotion, and Autonomous Motion

Unusual sculpting of dipeptide particles by ultrasound induces gelation.