Showing papers by "Fuji Ren published in 2016"

The Evolution of Sink Mobility Management in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey

Abstract: Sink mobility has long been recognized as an efficient method of improving system performance in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), e.g. relieving traffic burden from a specific set of nodes. Though tremendous research efforts have been devoted to this topic during the last decades, yet little attention has been paid for the research summarization and guidance. This paper aims to fill in the blank and presents an up-to-date survey on the sink mobility issue. Its main contribution is to review mobility management schemes from an evolutionary point of view. The related schemes have been divided into four categories: uncontrollable mobility (UMM), path-restricted mobility (PRM), location-restricted mobility (LRM) and unrestricted mobility (URM). Several representative solutions are described following the proposed taxonomy. To help readers comprehend the development flow within the category, the relationship among different solutions is outlined, with detailed descriptions as well as in-depth analysis. In this way, besides some potential extensions based on current research, we are able to identify several open issues that receive little attention or remain unexplored so far.

PAWS: Passive Human Activity Recognition Based on WiFi Ambient Signals

Abstract: Indoor human activity recognition remains a hot topic and receives tremendous research efforts during the last few decades. However, previous solutions either rely on special hardware, or demand the cooperation of subjects. Therefore, the scalability issue remains a great challenge. To this end, we present an online activity recognition system, which explores WiFi ambient signals for received signal strength indicator (RSSI) fingerprint of different activities. It can be integrated into any existing WLAN networks without additional hardware support. Also, it does not need the subjects to be cooperative during the recognition process. More specifically, we first conduct an empirical study to gain in-depth understanding of WiFi characteristics, e.g., the impact of activities on the WiFi RSSI. Then, we present an online activity recognition architecture that is flexible and can adapt to different settings/conditions/scenarios. Lastly, a prototype system is built and evaluated via extensive real-world experiments. A novel fusion algorithm is specifically designed based on the classification tree to better classify activities with similar signatures. Experimental results show that the fusion algorithm outperforms three other well-known classifiers [i.e., NaiveBayes, Bagging, and k-nearest neighbor (k-NN)] in terms of accuracy and complexity. Important sights and hands-on experiences have been obtained to guide the system implementation and outline future research directions.

Examining Accumulated Emotional Traits in Suicide Blogs With an Emotion Topic Model

Abstract: Suicide has been a major cause of death throughout the world. Recent studies have proved a reliable connection between the emotional traits and suicide. However, detection and prevention of suicide are mostly carried out in the clinical centers, which limit the effective treatments to a restricted group of people. To assist detecting suicide risks among the public, we propose a novel method by exploring the accumulated emotional information from people's daily writings (i.e., Blogs), and examining these emotional traits that are predictive of suicidal behaviors. A complex emotion topic model is employed to detect the underlying emotions and emotion-related topics in the Blog streams, based on eight basic emotion categories and five levels of emotion intensities. Since suicide is caused through an accumulative process, we propose three accumulative emotional traits, i.e., accumulation, covariance, and transition of the consecutive Blog emotions, and employ a generalized linear regression algorithm to examine the relationship between emotional traits and suicide risk. Our experiment results suggest that the emotion transition trait turns to be more discriminative of the suicide risk, and that the combination of three traits in linear regression would generate even more discriminative predictions. A classification of the suicide and nonsuicide Blog articles in our additional experiment verifies this result. Finally, we conduct a case study of the most commonly mentioned emotion-related topics in the suicidal Blogs, to further understand the association between emotions and thoughts for these authors.

Study on CNN in the recognition of emotion in audio and images

Abstract: In this paper, the performance of Convolution Neural Network (CNN) in image recognition and emotion recognition in speech will be compared and presented. Feature extraction and selection in pattern recognition is an important issue and have been frequently discussed. Moreover, two-dimensional signals such as image and voice are hard to be modelled well by traditional models like SVM. The ability of CNN to characterize two-dimensional signals is prominent. And CNN can adaptively extract feature to eliminate the dependence on human subjectivity or experience. It mimics the effect of local filtering in visual cortex cells to dig local correlation in natural dimensional space. In this work, for the problems of the image recognition and emotion recognition in speech, CNN and SVM which is used as baseline for comparison of the recognition effect. Different kernel functions in SVM have been experimented for image recognition with, the best accuracy is 94.17%. However, the accuracy of using CNN is 95.5% (7291 pictures for train and 2007 pictures for test) with less time consuming. In the emotion recognition of speech, the accuracy of CNN is 97.6% corresponds to 55.5% by baseline model (4000 utterances for training, 1500 for validation, 500 for test). The experimental results showed that CNN can effectively extract features and its modeling capability for two-dimensional signals is prominent.

Semi-Automatic Creation of Youth Slang Corpus and Its Application to Affective Computing

Abstract: This paper proposes a method to semi-automatically construct a corpus that includes Japanese youth slang called Wakamono Kotoba. The process of semi-automatic corpus construction is composed of the first step is automatic collection of example sentence, the second step is tag annotation to collected sentences, and the final step is manually modifying tag and noise reduction. In this process, there are two problems. The first problem is quality of the automatic collected corpora. The second is the accuracy of tag annotation. If the automatically annotated tags are unreliable, after all, it takes long time to modify them manually. As a solution of the first problem, we proposed a filtering method to remove meaningless sentences (noise sentences) automatically. In order to solve a second problem, we proposed an emotion estimation method that can be applied to the sentences that included youth slang and were difficult to be analyzed automatically. The result of the accuracy evaluation showed improvement in F1-Score compared to the machine learning method and confirms the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Automatic Facial Expression Learning Method Based on Humanoid Robot XIN-REN

Abstract: The ability of a humanoid robot to display human-like facial expressions is crucial to the natural human–computer interaction. To fulfill this requirement for an imitative humanoid robot, XIN-REN, an automatic facial expression learning method is proposed. In this method, first, a forward kinematics model, which is designed to reflect nonlinear mapping relationships between servo displacement vectors and corresponding expression shape vectors, is converted into a linear relationships between the mechanical energy of servo displacements and the potential energy of feature points, based on the energy conservation principle. Second, an improved inverse kinematics model is established under the constraints of instantaneous similarity and movement smoothness. Finally, online expression learning is employed to determine the optimal servo displacements for transferring the facial expressions of a human performer to the robot. To illustrate the performance of the proposed method, we conduct evaluation experiments on the forward kinematics model and the inverse kinematics model, based on the data collected from the robot's random states as well as fixed procedures by animators. Further, we evaluate the facial imitation ability with different values of the weighting factor, according to three sequential indicators (space-similarity, time-similarity, and movement smoothness). Experimental results indicate that the deviations in mean shape and position do not exceed 6 pixels and 3 pixels, respectively, and the average servo displacement deviation does not exceed 0.8%. Compared with other related studies, the proposed method maintains better space–time similarity with the performer, besides ensuring smoother trajectory for multiframe sequential imitation.

HED: Handling environmental dynamics in indoor WiFi fingerprint localization

Abstract: This paper presents a novel WLAN-based indoor localization algorithm (i.e., HED) to combat the environmental dynamics by tolerating the sequence disorders caused by AP (access point) changes, while harvesting from the bursting number of available wireless resources. Via extensive real-world experiments lasting for over 6 months, we show the superiority of our HED algorithm in terms of accuracy and complexity over two state-of-the-art solutions that are also designed to resist the dynamics, i.e., FreeLoc and LCS (Longest Common Subsequences). Moreover, experimental results not only confirm the benefits brought by environmental dynamics, but also provide valuable investigations and hand-on experiences on the real-world localization system.

Multi-label emotion recognition of weblog sentence based on Bayesian networks

Abstract: An increasing number of common users, in the Internet age, tend to express their emotions on the Web about everything they like or dislike. As a consequence, the number of all kinds of reviews, such as weblogs, production reviews, and news reviews, grows rapidly. This makes it difficult for people to understand the opinions of the reviews and obtain useful emotion information from such a huge number of reviews. Many scientists and researchers have attached more attention to emotion analysis of online information in the natural language processing field. Different from previous works, which just focused on the single-label emotion analysis, this paper takes into account rich and delicate emotions and gives special regard to multi-label emotion recognition for weblog sentences based on the Chinese emotion corpus (Ren-CECps). Using the theory of Bayesian networks and probabilistic graphical model, the latent emotion variable and topic variable are employed to find out the complex emotions of weblog sentences. Our experimental results on the multi-label emotion topic model demonstrate the effectiveness of the model in recognizing the polarity of sentence emotions. © 2015 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Visualizing Emotions from Chinese Blogs by Textual Emotion Analysis and Recognition Techniques

Abstract: The research on blog emotion analysis and recognition has become increasingly important in recent years. In this study, based on the Chinese blog emotion corpus (Ren-CECps), we analyze and compare blog emotion visualization from different text levels: word, sentence, and paragraph. Then, a blog emotion visualization system is designed for practical applications. Machine learning methods are applied for the implementation of blog emotion recognition at different textual levels. Based on the emotion recognition engine, the blog emotion visualization interface is designed to provide a more intuitive display of emotions in blogs, which can detect emotion for bloggers, and capture emotional change rapidly. In addition, we evaluated the performance of sentence emotion recognition by comparing five classification algorithms under different schemas, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the Complement Naive Bayes model for sentence emotion recognition. The system can recognize multi-label emotions in blogs, which provides a richer and more detailed emotion expression.

Feature-level sentiment analysis by using comparative domain corpora

Abstract: Feature-level sentiment analysis SA is able to provide more fine-grained SA on certain opinion targets and has a wider range of applications on E-business. This study proposes an approach based on comparative domain corpora for feature-level SA. The proposed approach makes use of word associations for domain-specific feature extraction. First, we assign a similarity score for each candidate feature to denote its similarity extent to a domain. Then we identify domain features based on their similarity scores on different comparative domain corpora. After that, dependency grammar and a general sentiment lexicon are applied to extract and expand feature-oriented opinion words. Lastly, the semantic orientation of a domain-specific feature is determined based on the feature-oriented opinion lexicons. In evaluation, we compare the proposed method with several state-of-the-art methods including unsupervised and semi-supervised using a standard product review test collection. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of using comparative domain corpora.

GlycCompSoft: Software for Automated Comparison of Low Molecular Weight Heparins Using Top-Down LC/MS Data.

Abstract: Low molecular weight heparins are complex polycomponent drugs that have recently become amenable to top-down analysis using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Even using open source deconvolution software, DeconTools, and automatic structural assignment software, GlycReSoft, the comparison of two or more low molecular weight heparins is extremely time-consuming, taking about a week for an expert analyst and provides no guarantee of accuracy. Efficient data processing tools are required to improve analysis. This study uses the programming language of Microsoft Excel™ Visual Basic for Applications to extend its standard functionality for macro functions and specific mathematical modules for mass spectrometric data processing. The program developed enables the comparison of top-down analytical glycomics data on two or more low molecular weight heparins. The current study describes a new program, GlycCompSoft, which has a low error rate with good time efficiency in the automatic processing of large data sets. The experimental results based on three lots of Lovenox®, Clexane® and three generic enoxaparin samples show that the run time of GlycCompSoft decreases from 11 to 2 seconds when the data processed decreases from 18000 to 1500 rows.

Chinese micro-blog sentiment analysis based on semantic features and PAD model

Abstract: With the increasing impact of social networks, microblog becomes important carrier of information and social interaction for human beings, which contains emotional states that have important research significance. We try to analysis the microblog text with the methods of emotional vocabulary, combining domain knowledge of psychology and affective computing, continuous dimension of emotion psychology PAD model which is adopted as basis of sentiment analysis. Emotional state inherent in the text is analyzed to obtain a more accurate result and achieve purposes of emotional analysis. At the same time, to achieve emotional microblog text computability from the aspect of personal characteristics. Experimental results show that the method can improve the microblog text sentiment analysis accuracy and precision. The method is able to get a good application in the different themes and different emotional features.

Semisupervised learning of author‐specific emotions in micro‐blogs

Abstract: Learning emotions from texts has been an active research topic in affective computing. However, the lack of reliable connection between emotions and language features has caused severely biased emotion predictions. Moreover, the author-specific patterns in emotion expression could potentially affect emotion predictions, which has never been studied. In this paper, we propose a semisupervised learning algorithm to learn emotional features from large-scaled micro-blog documents with a Bayesian network, and introduce an emotion transition factor to generate the author-specific emotion predictions. We infer the author-specific emotions in micro-blog streams through belief propagation, and learn the emotional features through an expectation maximization estimation procedure. We report results of single-label and multilabel emotion predictions on a micro-blog stream corpus, and analyze the improvements achieved by the semisupervised feature learning strategy and the incorporation of emotion transition patterns. Finally, we perform personality analysis based on the authors' emotion distribution and examine emotion distributions in the learned features. © 2016 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Human-like facial expression imitation for humanoid robot based on recurrent neural network

Abstract: To generate natural and less hardwired facial expression for humanoid robots, a facial motion imitation method, which transfers facial geometric characteristics of humans to robots, is proposed Firstly, for mapping servo control space into facial expression space, a forward kinematics model with sequence is built based on recurrent neural network Secondly, the process of expression imitation for humanoid robot is converted to an optimization with the proposed forward kinematics model and servo sequential constraints Finally, we conduct some experiments on the rationality of proposed model as well as the validity of optimization strategy Compared with the art-of-the-state of methods, the proposed method not only has smaller expression deviations with the performer, but also keeps smooth servo movements in dynamic facial imitation

Hybrid Chinese text classification approach using general knowledge from Baidu Baike

Abstract: Most of the previous studies focused on enriching text representation to address text classification (TC) task. However, conventional classification approaches with VSM (vector space model) on Chinese text study intensively only the words and their relationship in some specific corpus/dataset but ignore the basic concept of categories and the general knowledge behind the words learned and used to recognize entities by people. This paper focuses on enriching text representation and proposes a novel approach, which complements information from the online Chinese encyclopedia Baidu Baike for Chinese TC. The similarities between every text and each concept of categories and the most related words from Baidu Baike are added to the feature space. The performance of the proposed approach is measured on the Fudan University TC corpus, which is an imbalanced Chinese dataset. In the experiments, the proposed Baidu Baike-based concept similarity approach obtains promising results when compared with a previous research and the conventional method, with macro-precision of 90.31%, recall of 75.45%, and F1 score 80.32%, which are about 0.02%, 0.15%, 0.12%, respectively, higher than the conventional method, which obviously improves the recall for some small categories while keeping precision at high level and improving the macro F1 score. Moreover, the proposed approach has good expandability, so that many other knowledge bases could be integrated and many other concepts could be referred to improve the effectiveness. © 2016 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

A novel factored POMDP model for affective dialogue management

Abstract: Partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) model has been demonstrated many times to be suited for robust spoken dialogue management. Recently, some factored representations of POMDP model are designed for specific dialogue tasks. This paper proposes a novel factored POMDP model to describe a new application of affective dialogue management. Different from existing models, the user's state space and the system's observation space are both divided into two distinct components: goal and emotion. Moreover, the system's action space is for the first time factored into two parts, i.e., goal response and emotion response, and the reward function is accordingly updated by weighted sum of the two-part rewards. An example of intelligent music player is given to explain how to apply the new model to build an affective dialogue system. Four experiments are designed to reveal the influence of key parameters on the system performance. The simulation results demonstrate the rationality and feasibility of the proposed model.

Understanding Blog author's emotions with hierarchical Bayesian models

Abstract: The research of inferring emotions in natural language is confronted with two major challenges: the lack of basic knowledge in emotion expressions and the co-occurrence of separate emotions through all language unites. In this paper, we propose a Bayesian inference method to explore the basic knowledge with respect to emotion expression in different semantic dimensions, and to infer the co-occurrence of multiple emotion labels through words to the document. Specifically, we incorporate emotions and semantic dimensions as the latent factors in determining the distribution of observed words in a corpus of Blog articles. For each Blog article, we further generalize emotions from words to the document by incorporating a document specific hierarchy in the emotion distributions. The basic knowledge and co-occurred emotion labels in words and documents are obtained through a Gibbs sampling inference. Our experiment is performed on the well-developed Chinese emotion corpus, i.e. Ren-CECps, which indicates both higher accuracy and better robustness in our word and document emotion predictions compared with those generated by the state-of-the-art emotion prediction algorithms, and demonstrates a distribution of emotions in different word semantic dimensions.

Emotional element detection and tendency judgment based on mixed model with deep features

Abstract: With the rapid development of B2C e-commerce and the popularity of online shopping, the Web storages huge number of product reviews comment by customers. Product reviews contain subjective feelings of customers who have used some products, more and more customers browse a large number of online reviews in order to know other customers word-of-mouth of product and service to make an informed choice. Manufacturers also need accurate user feedback from product reviews to improve their goods. However, a large number of reviews made it difficult for manufacturers or potential customers to track the comments and suggestions that customers made. This paper presents a method for extracting emotional elements containing emotional objects and emotional words and their tendencies from product reviews based on mixed model. First we constructed conditional random fields (CRFs) to extract emotional elements, lead-in semantic and word meaning as features to improve the robustness of feature template and used rules for hierarchical filtering errors. Then we constructed support vector machine (SVM) to classify the emotional tendency of the fine-grained elements to achieve key information from product reviews. Deep semantic information imported based on neural network (NN) to improve the traditional bag of word model. Experimental results show that the proposed model with deep features efficiently improved the F-Measure.

AAH: accurate activity recognition of human beings using WiFi signals

Abstract: The flourishing social networks nowadays have greatly enriched our ways of communications and thus brought people in the world much closer than ever. However, critical contexts of the traditional face-to-face communications, for example, body gestures, could be missing during the online communication, hampering the user experiences. To fill in the blank, this paper presents a passive and devices-free activity recognition system, by harvesting fingerprints of different activities from ubiquitous WiFi signals. It can be integrated into any existing WLAN networks without additional hardware supports. Also, it does not need the subjects to be cooperative during the recognition process. A prototype system is built and evaluated via extensive real-world experiments. By comparing with three state-of-the art solutions, that is, K-nearest neighbor, naive Bayes, and bagging, we show the superiority of the proposed method in terms of accuracy and complexity. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Textual emotion recognition for enhancing enterprise computing

Abstract: The growing interest in affective computing AC brings a lot of valuable research topics that can meet different application demands in enterprise systems. The present study explores a sub area of AC techniques – textual emotion recognition for enhancing enterprise computing. Multi-label emotion recognition in text is able to provide a more comprehensive understanding of emotions than single label emotion recognition. A representation of ‘emotion state in text’ is proposed to encompass the multidimensional emotions in text. It ensures the description in a formal way of the configurations of basic emotions as well as of the relations between them. Our method allows recognition of the emotions for the words bear indirect emotions, emotion ambiguity and multiple emotions. We further investigate the effect of word order for emotional expression by comparing the performances of bag-of-words model and sequence model for multi-label sentence emotion recognition. The experiments show that the classification results under sequence model are better than under bag-of-words model. And homogeneous Markov model showed promising results of multi-label sentence emotion recognition. This emotion recognition system is able to provide a convenient way to acquire valuable emotion information and to improve enterprise competitive ability in many aspects.

Slang Analysis Based on Variant Information Extraction Focusing on the Time Series Topics

Abstract: Recently, with the increase in the number of users of Social Networking Sites (SNS), online communications have become more and more common, raising the possibility of using big data on SNS to analyze the diversity of language. Japanese language uses a variety of character types that are combined to create words and phrases. Therefore, it is difficult to morphologically analyze such words and phrases, even though morphological analysis is a basic process in natural language processing. Words and phrases that are not registered in morphological analysis dictionaries are usually not defined strictly, and their semantic interpretation seems to vary depending on the individual. In this study, we chronologically analyze the topics related to slang on Twitter. In this paper, as a validation experiment, we conducted a topic analysis experiment chronologically by using the sequential Tweet data and discussing the difference of topic change according to the slang types.

KGO at the NTCIR-12 Temporalia Task: Exploring Temporal Information in Search Queries.

Abstract: This paper details our participation in the Temporal Intent Disambiguation (TID) English subtask of the NTCIR-12 Temporalia Task. Our work focuses on the development of a series of temporal features in web search queries and the construction of a deep neural network for disambiguating people’s temporal intents in web searches. We analyze the importance of different temporal features and discuss the impact of neural network structures to the TID results.

A Smart Cloud Robotic System Based on Cloud Computing Services

Abstract: In this paper, we present a smart service robotic system based on cloud computing services. The design and implementation of infrastructure, computation components and communication components are introduced. The proposed system can alleviate the complex computation and storage load of robots to cloud and provide various services to the robots. The computation components can dynamically allocate resources to the robots. The communication components allow easy access of the robots and provide flexible resource management. Furthermore, we modeled the task-scheduling problem and proposed a max-heaps algorithm. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm minimized the overall task costs.

Facial Expression Recognition Adaptive to Face Pose Using RGB-D Camera

Abstract: In this paper, we propose a facial expression recognition method for non-frontal faces using RGB-D camera. The method uses the depth information of the RGB-D camera to calculate the face pose, modeled using a cylinder. Feature points obtained by the RGB-D camera, modified by the face pose, are compared with Action Units of the Facial Action Coding System for recognition of facial expression. Experiments were conducted using facial images in three types of angles and four expressions: anger, sadness, happiness, and surprise. Results of the experiments have shown that the method is rather robust to roll rotations than yaw and pitch rotations.

Variable Differently Implicational Inference for R- and S-Implications

Abstract: As a generalization of the compositional rule of inference (CRI) algorithm and the fully implicational algorithm, the differently implicational algorithm of fuzzy inference not only inherit the advantages of the fully implicational algorithm, but also has stronger practicability. Then, the variable differently implicational algorithm was proposed to make the current differently implicational algorithms compose a united whole. In this paper, the variable differently implicational algorithm is further researched focusing on the fuzzy modus tollens (FMT) problem. The differently implicational principle for FMT is improved. Moreover, the unified solutions of the variable differently implicational algorithm for FMT are accomplished for R- and S-implications. Following that, as an important index of fuzzy inference, the continuity of this algorithm is analyzed for main R- and S-implications, in which excellent performance is obtained. Finally, its optimal solutions as well as inference examples are provided for...

Detect the emotions of the public based on cascade neural network model

Abstract: Along with the development of social network, more and more people know the world by reading news. The problem about what kind of emotion is inspired when people read news is very worthy of discussion. This paper will mix Deep Belief Networks (DBN) model and Support Vector Machine (SVM) to a hybrid neural network model by using the Contrast Divergence (CD) algorithm to estimate the weights when training a generating model, ensure that each layer of the Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM) mapping the features of the inputs to the best. At the same time, we cascade the last layer of DBN and a SVM classifier to adjust judging performance. And a set of tags will be attached to the top (Associative Memory), through a process of parameter tuning, learn the identifying weights to obtain a network for the task of text classification. The experimental results show that the hybrid neural network model works better than the traditional text categorization method based on simple characteristics (such as CHI), and it is more suitable for extracting text semantic characteristics.