Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These

Phd by thesis

Recent research and development has been incredibly successful at advancing the capabilities for vacuum electronic device (VED) sources of powerful terahertz (THz) and near-THz coherent radiation, both CW or average and pulsed. Currently, the VED source portfolio covers over 12 orders of magnitude in power (mW-to-GW) and two orders of magnitude in frequency (from ; 10 THz). Further advances are still possible and anticipated. They will be enabled by improved understanding of fundamental beam-wave interactions, electromagnetic mode competition and mode control, along with research and development of new materials, fabrication methods, cathodes, electron beam alignment and focusing, magnet technologies, THz metrology and advanced, broadband output radiation coupling techniques.

Vacuum Electronic High Power Terahertz Sources

The electron cyclotron maser (ECM) is based on a stimulated cyclotron emission process involving energetic electrons in gyrational motion. It constitutes a cornerstone of relativistic electronics, a discipline that has emerged from our understanding and utilization of relativistic effects for the generation of coherent radiation from free electrons. Over a span of four decades, the ECM has undergone a remarkably successful evolution from basic research to device implementation while continuously being enriched by new physical insights. By delivering unprecedented power levels, ECM-based devices have occupied a unique position in the millimeter and submillimeter regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, and find use in numerous applications such as fusion plasma heating, advanced radars, industrial processing, materials characterization, particle acceleration, and tracking of space objects. This article presents a comprehensive review of the fundamental principles of the ECM and their embodiment in practical devices.

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The electron cyclotron maser

This article reviews the state-of-the-art in high-power microwave source research. It begins with a discussion of the concepts involved in coherent microwave generation. The main varieties of microwave tubes are classified into three groups, according to the fundamental radiation mechanism involved: Cherenkov, transition, or bremsstrahlung radiation. This is followed by a brief discussion of some of the technical fundamentals of high-power microwave sources, including power supplies and electron guns. Finally, the history and recent developments of both high-peak power and high-average power sources are reviewed in the context of four main areas of application: (1) plasma resonance heating and current drive; (2) rf acceleration of charged particles; (3) radar and communications systems; and (4) high-peak power sources for weapons-effect simulation and exploratory development.

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Review of high-power microwave source research

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Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion Conference: Focussing on Tokamak Research

Notch filters based on resonant reflection of the incident guided wave of a single-mode rectangular guide designed for frequencies of 28 and 70 GHz are numerically and experimentally studied. As shown by experiments, the 28 GHz two-sectioned resonant notch filter provides the attenuation of -60 dB at the central frequency f=28 GHz, more than -30 dB attenuation within the frequency band /spl delta/f=60 MHz and attenuation-free band up to 36 GHz. For the 70 GHz notch filter, the measured maximum attenuation is -60 dB at the operating frequency. The notch bandwidth at the level of -55 dB is 100 MHz. These characteristics allow use of the notch filters for protection of HF receivers of high sensitivity, for spectral measurements and other related purposes.

Resonant notch filters based on rectangular waveguide extensions

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High precision frequency stabilization of a 263 GHz continuous wave gyrotron

Status of a new 28 GHz continuous wave gasdynamic electron cyclotron resonance ion source development at IAP RAS

A 527 GHz continuous-wave second harmonic gyrotron is in development at the IAP RAS jointly with GYCOM Ltd. as a microwave source for spectrometry and diagnostics of various media. We present first results of experimental measurements of this gyrotron including output power, power losses in the cavity, wave beam profile, frequency, and spectrum.

Design and Test of 253/527 GHz Gyrotron for Spectroscopy Applications

We study, both numerically and experimentally, a microwave commutator (phase shifter), whose active element comprises a metal plane mirror with a semiconductor plate on it. Phase shifting of the reflected microwave beam is attained by creating a conducting layer in the semiconductor by a laser with quantum energy approximately equal to the forbidden band width. Using a disk of high-purity silicon and a titatnium-sapphire pulsed laser, we study experimentally a 180° phase shifter operated with a Gaussian wave beam at a frequency of 30 GHz. Efficient phase shifting of the wave beam over a time of several nanoseconds is shown at a low power level.

G. G. Denisov

Papers

Resonant notch filters based on rectangular waveguide extensions

High precision frequency stabilization of a 263 GHz continuous wave gyrotron

Status of a new 28 GHz continuous wave gasdynamic electron cyclotron resonance ion source development at IAP RAS

Design and Test of 253/527 GHz Gyrotron for Spectroscopy Applications

Fast quasi-optical phase shifter based on the effect of induced photo conductivity in silicon