A review on machinery diagnostics and prognostics implementing condition-based maintenance

There is an increasing demand for dynamic systems to become safer and more reliable This requirement extends beyond the normally accepted safety-critical systems such as nuclear reactors and aircraft, where safety is of paramount importance, to systems such as autonomous vehicles and process control systems where the system availability is vital It is clear that fault diagnosis is becoming an important subject in modern control theory and practice Robust Model-Based Fault Diagnosis for Dynamic Systems presents the subject of model-based fault diagnosis in a unified framework It contains many important topics and methods; however, total coverage and completeness is not the primary concern The book focuses on fundamental issues such as basic definitions, residual generation methods and the importance of robustness in model-based fault diagnosis approaches In this book, fault diagnosis concepts and methods are illustrated by either simple academic examples or practical applications The first two chapters are of tutorial value and provide a starting point for newcomers to this field The rest of the book presents the state of the art in model-based fault diagnosis by discussing many important robust approaches and their applications This will certainly appeal to experts in this field Robust Model-Based Fault Diagnosis for Dynamic Systems targets both newcomers who want to get into this subject, and experts who are concerned with fundamental issues and are also looking for inspiration for future research The book is useful for both researchers in academia and professional engineers in industry because both theory and applications are discussed Although this is a research monograph, it will be an important text for postgraduate research students world-wide The largest market, however, will be academics, libraries and practicing engineers and scientists throughout the world

Robust Model-Based Fault Diagnosis for Dynamic Systems

https://users.encs.concordia.ca/~ymzhang/publications/ARC32-2-98Zhang_pp.229-252.pdf

Bibliographical review on reconfigurable fault-tolerant control systems

This paper reviews the current status and implementation of battery chargers, charging power levels, and infrastructure for plug-in electric vehicles and hybrids. Charger systems are categorized into off-board and on-board types with unidirectional or bidirectional power flow. Unidirectional charging limits hardware requirements and simplifies interconnection issues. Bidirectional charging supports battery energy injection back to the grid. Typical on-board chargers restrict power because of weight, space, and cost constraints. They can be integrated with the electric drive to avoid these problems. The availability of charging infrastructure reduces on-board energy storage requirements and costs. On-board charger systems can be conductive or inductive. An off-board charger can be designed for high charging rates and is less constrained by size and weight. Level 1 (convenience), Level 2 (primary), and Level 3 (fast) power levels are discussed. Future aspects such as roadbed charging are presented. Various power level chargers and infrastructure configurations are presented, compared, and evaluated based on amount of power, charging time and location, cost, equipment, and other factors.

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Review of Battery Charger Topologies, Charging Power Levels, and Infrastructure for Plug-In Electric and Hybrid Vehicles

An introduction to heat transfer

The Ohio State University Challenge X team developed a high-level supervisory control strategy for use on a hybrid-electric vehicle. The control strategy objectives were to select the appropriate vehicle mode, satisfy the driver's power request, minimize fuel consumption, maintain battery state-of-charge, and assure drivability. Control strategy validation from a software-in-the-loop approach was achieved with a set of vehicle simulators.

Dynamic analysis and control development for a cross-over vehicle with a dual hybrid-electric system

A need exists for the improvement of general aviation (GA) aircraft piston engine performance through the use of advanced control strategies and diagnostic studies. The life cycle time associated with the development of these technologies is always a concern when working with a cost-restrictive budget. Approaches to technological improvements through trial-and-error experimentation can work against a budget due to cost and development time. With the advancements in the computational speed of computers, simulations have become increasingly popular in helping engineers solve problems more quickly through a better understanding of the problem and better preparation of design strategies prior to the experimental implementation stage. The aim of the present work is to develop an intermittent combustion aircraft engine simulation that can provide insight to the complex system behavior, aid in the development of control strategies, and aid in the development of diagnostic studies. The GA aircraft individual cylinder simulation is the e rst of its kind and it has many potential applications. Some potential applications may include idle speed control, fuel control, spark control, and engine sensor and actuator diagnostics.

Individual Cylinder Model of a General Aviation Aircraft Engine

Torque security is an important element for future automobile development such as for electric and and hybrid electric vehicles (EV/HEVs). For Drive-by-Wire systems that are commonly used in modern vehicles, pedal position signals are critical for ensuring correct calculation of torque request to the rest of the powertrain. This paper develops a model based fault diagnostic scheme for electrified vehicle powertrain torque security problems, with special focus on pedal position sensor faults. After the design of the diagnostic strategy, a fault tolerant control strategy is proposed to mitigate the effect of the faults. The torque security study is applied to a case study of a prototype vehicle developed by the OSU EcoCAR2 team. The diagnostic and fault tolerant control scheme are tested and validated through Model-in-the-Loop (MIL) and Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) simulations.

Fault diagnosis and fault tolerant control for electrified vehicle torque security

This paper deals with the development of a control-oriented model for simulation of planar solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). A hierarchical modeling structure has been set-up to identify a simplified model that allows describing the dynamic behavior of an SOFC with satisfactory accuracy, affordable computational burden and limited amount of experimental data. Particularly in this work, a steady-state relationship that links cell voltage to current density and temperature has been inferred from a phenomenological 1-D model previously developed by the authors. Then, a first order model has been obtained by applying the conservation of energy principle (heat balance) to a lumped control volume that includes air and fuel channels, interconnect and solid tri-layer (i.e., electrolyte and electrodes). A state-space representation of the model also is presented, having the cell outlet temperature and the cell voltage as state and output variables, respectively. Model validation has been conducted by comparing the cell response to load (i.e., current density) variations with data generated by means of a physical comprehensive model previously published by Achenbach. Extensive simulation of the cell dynamic behavior has been performed in order to analyze the main system dynamics with respect to changes in cell temperature, load, excess air and fuel utilization. The results of this analysis will serve as a tool for both optimal design and sizing, as well as for the energy management of hybridized (i.e. supported by batteries or supercap) SOFC-based power generation systems.Copyright © 2005 by ASME

Development of a Control-Oriented Model for Simulation of SOFC-Based Energy Systems

This paper describes the development and experimental validation of a high-fidelity Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) simulator that enables testing and calibration of energy management and driveline control strategies. The model is capable of predicting longitudinal vehicle responses that affect energy consumption and drivability in the low-to-mid frequency region (up to 10 Hz). The simulator focuses primarily on the drivetrain dynamics, while the dynamics of the actuators are represented by simplified models. The vehicle simulator is validated by a number of experiments that include electric only, engine only and hybrid operating conditions. The test vehicle has a through-the-road parallel hybrid architecture that utilises a dual electric machine configuration. Experimental results confirm that important driveline phenomena such as shunt, shuffle, torque holes and other transient disturbances related to operating mode changes are accurately predicted.

Giorgio Rizzoni

Papers

Dynamic analysis and control development for a cross-over vehicle with a dual hybrid-electric system

Individual Cylinder Model of a General Aviation Aircraft Engine

Fault diagnosis and fault tolerant control for electrified vehicle torque security

Development of a Control-Oriented Model for Simulation of SOFC-Based Energy Systems

Development and experimental validation of a low-frequency dynamic model for a Hybrid Electric Vehicle