A review on machinery diagnostics and prognostics implementing condition-based maintenance

There is an increasing demand for dynamic systems to become safer and more reliable This requirement extends beyond the normally accepted safety-critical systems such as nuclear reactors and aircraft, where safety is of paramount importance, to systems such as autonomous vehicles and process control systems where the system availability is vital It is clear that fault diagnosis is becoming an important subject in modern control theory and practice Robust Model-Based Fault Diagnosis for Dynamic Systems presents the subject of model-based fault diagnosis in a unified framework It contains many important topics and methods; however, total coverage and completeness is not the primary concern The book focuses on fundamental issues such as basic definitions, residual generation methods and the importance of robustness in model-based fault diagnosis approaches In this book, fault diagnosis concepts and methods are illustrated by either simple academic examples or practical applications The first two chapters are of tutorial value and provide a starting point for newcomers to this field The rest of the book presents the state of the art in model-based fault diagnosis by discussing many important robust approaches and their applications This will certainly appeal to experts in this field Robust Model-Based Fault Diagnosis for Dynamic Systems targets both newcomers who want to get into this subject, and experts who are concerned with fundamental issues and are also looking for inspiration for future research The book is useful for both researchers in academia and professional engineers in industry because both theory and applications are discussed Although this is a research monograph, it will be an important text for postgraduate research students world-wide The largest market, however, will be academics, libraries and practicing engineers and scientists throughout the world

Robust Model-Based Fault Diagnosis for Dynamic Systems

https://users.encs.concordia.ca/~ymzhang/publications/ARC32-2-98Zhang_pp.229-252.pdf

Bibliographical review on reconfigurable fault-tolerant control systems

This paper reviews the current status and implementation of battery chargers, charging power levels, and infrastructure for plug-in electric vehicles and hybrids. Charger systems are categorized into off-board and on-board types with unidirectional or bidirectional power flow. Unidirectional charging limits hardware requirements and simplifies interconnection issues. Bidirectional charging supports battery energy injection back to the grid. Typical on-board chargers restrict power because of weight, space, and cost constraints. They can be integrated with the electric drive to avoid these problems. The availability of charging infrastructure reduces on-board energy storage requirements and costs. On-board charger systems can be conductive or inductive. An off-board charger can be designed for high charging rates and is less constrained by size and weight. Level 1 (convenience), Level 2 (primary), and Level 3 (fast) power levels are discussed. Future aspects such as roadbed charging are presented. Various power level chargers and infrastructure configurations are presented, compared, and evaluated based on amount of power, charging time and location, cost, equipment, and other factors.

/pdf/review-of-battery-charger-topologies-charging-power-levels-85yy2igx2w.pdf

Review of Battery Charger Topologies, Charging Power Levels, and Infrastructure for Plug-In Electric and Hybrid Vehicles

An introduction to heat transfer

An approach to fault diagnosis for internal combustion engines is considered. It is based on the estimation of cylinder indicated torques by means of sliding mode observers. Instead of measuring indicated pressure in cylinders directly, crankshaft angular position is measured as the input of observers, which estimate the indicated torques. Several engine models are considered with different levels of complexity.

On-line estimation of indicated torque in IC engines via sliding mode observers

SUMMARY

We have developed a thermal model for a large-scale lithium-ion cell and have simulated its thermal behaviors during charge, discharge, and charge–discharge cycles with different current rates by using the software of COMSOL Multiphysics 3.5a. In this work, thermal energy and its distribution were firstly calculated based on experimental data under different operating conditions. A new parameter, called thermal energy conversion efficiency, was proposed to describe relative value of thermal energy in the cell. The thermal energy conversion efficiency and the temperature were plotted in a figure to show their relativity. The temperature variation was also studied systemically when the cell underwent discharge–charge cycles. A low rate charge is validated to be a favorable factor in protecting the cell from overheating during charge–discharge cycles. A connection resistance is proved to be a main factor that accelerates the rise of temperature in the spot near a terminal column, which should be eliminated as much as possible to protect the cell from local overheating. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Study of relationship between temperature and thermal energy, operating conditions as well as environmental factors in large-scale lithium-ion batteries

In the present investigation an innovative procedure to design a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is proposed, based on two steps: optimisation and decision-making. Both steps require a multi-objective approach due to the many goals to be taken into account in the design of a complex system like an HEV. The method has been applied to the preliminary design of the powertrain and tuning of the control strategy of a series hybrid vehicle, simulated with a Matlab-Simulink code. The hardware parameters included the number of axles in the vehicle, number of electric motors per axle, and type and quantity of energy storage system devices (batteries and/or electrochemical capacitors). The control parameters are related to fuel economy conversion factors and the maximum and minimum state of charge allowed to the secondary energy storage systems. Several attributes of performance and fuel consumption evaluated with respect to seven driving cycles were considered as optimisation goals.

A two-step optimisation method for the preliminary design of a hybrid electric vehicle

The authors present several applications of a precise, moderate sampling rate measurement of the crankshaft angular position of a reciprocating internal combustion engine. It is shown that the measurement can be made with a relatively inexpensive noncontacting sensor. Given sufficient precision and sampling rate, the various applications include crankshaft reference position measurements for ignition timing (gasoline fueled engines) or injector timing (for electronically controlled diesel engines); and crankshaft angular speed and acceleration measurements for estimating instantaneous indicated torque and for diagnosing engine malfunctions. The torque estimate is potentially useful for engine control, to improve engine performance with respect to reducing cycle-to-cycle and cylinder-to-cylinder nonuniformity and with respect to fuel economy. The crankshaft angular speed measurement also provides an input to a computationally efficient diagnosis method for detecting failures in any sensor or actuator on the vehicle. The theory and experimental verification of the applications are discussed. >

Giorgio Rizzoni

Papers

On-line estimation of indicated torque in IC engines via sliding mode observers

Study of relationship between temperature and thermal energy, operating conditions as well as environmental factors in large-scale lithium-ion batteries

A two-step optimisation method for the preliminary design of a hybrid electric vehicle

Crankshaft position measurement for engine testing, control, and diagnosis

Effect of Traffic, Road and Weather Information on PHEV Energy Management