Showing papers by "Guilherme Veiga Guimarães published in 2021"

Effect of Exercise Training on Ambulatory Blood Pressure Among Patients With Resistant Hypertension: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Abstract: Importance Limited evidence suggests exercise reduces blood pressure (BP) in individuals with resistant hypertension, a clinical population with low responsiveness to drug therapy. Objective To determine whether an aerobic exercise training intervention reduces ambulatory BP among patients with resistant hypertension. Design, Settings, and Participants The Exercise Training in the Treatment of Resistant Hypertension (EnRicH) trial is a prospective, 2-center, single-blinded randomized clinical trial performed at 2 hospital centers in Portugal from March 2017 to December 2019. A total of 60 patients with a diagnosis of resistant hypertension aged 40 to 75 years were prospectively enrolled and observed at the hospitals' hypertension outpatient clinic. Interventions Patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to a 12-week moderate-intensity aerobic exercise training program (exercise group) or a usual care control group. The exercise group performed three 40-minute supervised sessions per week in addition to usual care. Main Outcomes and Measures The powered primary efficacy measure was 24-hour ambulatory systolic BP change from baseline. Secondary outcomes included daytime and nighttime ambulatory BP, office BP, and cardiorespiratory fitness. Results A total of 53 patients completed the study, including 26 in the exercise group and 27 in the control group. Of these, 24 (45%) were women, and the mean (SD) age was 60.1 (8.7) years. Compared with the control group, among those in the exercise group, 24-hour ambulatory systolic BP was reduced by 7.1 mm Hg (95% CI, -12.8 to -1.4; P = .02). Additionally, 24-hour ambulatory diastolic BP (-5.1 mm Hg; 95% CI, -7.9 to -2.3; P = .001), daytime systolic BP (-8.4 mm Hg; 95% CI, -14.3 to -2.5; P = .006), and daytime diastolic BP (-5.7 mm Hg; 95% CI, -9.0 to -2.4; P = .001) were reduced in the exercise group compared with the control group. Office systolic BP (-10.0 mm Hg; 95% CI, -17.6 to -2.5; P = .01) and cardiorespiratory fitness (5.05 mL/kg per minute of oxygen consumption; 95% CI, 3.5 to 6.6; P < .001) also improved in the exercise group compared with the control group. Conclusions and Relevance A 12-week aerobic exercise program reduced 24-hour and daytime ambulatory BP as well as office systolic BP in patients with resistant hypertension. These findings provide clinicians with evidence to embrace moderate-intensity aerobic exercise as a standard coadjutant therapy targeting this patient population. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03090529.

Acute Physiological and Metabolic responses for 40-minutes of Samba Dance

Abstract: Dance is an enjoyable health-promoting physical activity that many people worldwide incorporate into their lifestyles today. Therefore, dance improves your heart health, overall muscle strength, balance, and coordination, and reduces depression. We aim to gain insights into the effects of samba dance on the cardiorespiratory and metabolic response during an acute session of this dance style for 40-minutes. The study was carried out on 20 female samba dancers. All of them performed two procedures: (1) a cardiopulmonary exercise test on a treadmill for physical fitness aptitude verification and (2) a 40-minutes of samba dancing monitored by analysis of expired gases. The results were: At peak exercise: oxygen uptake (VO 2 ) =32.7 mL . kg -1. min -1 ; heart rate (HR) =183 bpm; the pulse of oxygen (PO 2 ) =10.9 mL . HR -1 , energy expenditure (EE) = 9.9 kcal . min -1 and metabolic equivalent (METs)=13.5.Overall, each session of the dance of 40-minutes was performed at a mean VO 2 of 22.8 mL . kg -1. min -1 (70%VO 2 max), heart rate of 162 bpm (89%HRmax), energy expenditure (EE) of 6.5 kcal . min -1 (66%max), metabolic equivalent (METs) of 6.3 (62%max), and the rate of perceived exertion (RPE) of 11.8/20. In conclusion: The findings of the current investigation might suggest that the moderate and vigorous-intensity of the exercise verified in an acute samba dance session is enough to induce a chronic training effect recommended by the criteria established by the American College of Sports Medicine for improving cardiorespiratory fitness. This information may lead to a better understanding of the energy expenditure of samba dance and add to the compendium of physical activity.

Physical Activity is Associated With Lower Arterial Stiffness in Patients With Resistant Hypertension.

Abstract: Background Physical activity is associated with reduced arterial stiffness, although such a relationship has not been reported in those with resistant hypertension. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the association between daily physical activity and arterial stiffness in patients with resistant hypertension. Methods Fifty-seven (57) patients with resistant hypertension (50.9% men), aged 58.8±9.4 years, were consecutively recruited. Arterial stiffness was evaluated using carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV). Daily physical activity was objectively assessed with accelerometers during 7 consecutive days. Results Patients had a body mass index of 29.0±4.0 kg/m2 (84.3% overweight/obese) and were taking an average 4.5 antihypertensive medications. Overall, the cf-PWV was 9.2±2.4 m/s and the majority of participants (n=41, 71.9%) presented a cf-PWV Conclusions Higher daily levels of light-intensity and total physical activity were associated with lower arterial stiffness. Nonetheless, this association is weak and attenuated or abolished when adjusted for blood pressure and age. These results suggest that physical activity may play an important role as a lifestyle intervention for patients with resistant hypertension. Future studies with larger samples sizes are necessary to confirm this preliminary data.

Prescribing high-intensity interval exercise by rating of perceived exertion in young individuals.

Abstract: Purpose We tested the hypothesis that the 6 to 20 rating of perceived exertion (RPE) is a cost-effective tool similar to heart rate (HR) response to cardiopulmonary exercise test for prescribing and self-regulating high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE). In this context, we analyzed if health-related responses to exercise are similar between HIIE prescribed and self-regulated by RPE (HIIERPE) and HIIE prescribed and regulated by HR response to cardiopulmonary exercise test (HIIEHR). Methods Twelve young (21±2 yr) sedentary or insufficiently active individuals (weekly levels ˂ 150 min or 75 min of moderate- or vigorous-intensity physical activity, respectively) were randomly assigned to perform HIIERPE (25 min), HIIEHR (25 min) and control session (25 min of seated resting). Blood pressure, HR, and arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity) were measured before, immediately after, and 30 min after each intervention. HR, speed, and distance were measured during exercise sessions. 24-h ambulatory blood pressure was measured after each intervention. Results Exercise HR, speed, and distance, as well as blood pressure response to exercise were not different between HIIERPE and HIIEHR. Pulse wave velocity reduced (P Conclusions These results suggest that RPE is a cost-effective tool for prescribing self-regulating HIIE and improving health-related variables in young individuals.

Maximal oxygen uptake of male professional soccer players, 2012-2015, at the end of four preseasons training

Abstract: Purpose : We hypothesized that the aerobic capacity of soccer players was well developed and maintained during the competitive season and that a short rest period in the off-season would not be sufficient to significantly affect V O 2 max in these players. Methods: A total of 211 soccer athletes (age range, 17-34 years) being 71 professional juniors and 113 professional adults were compared with a control group of 27 non-professionals soccer players. All players performed cardiopulmonary exercise testing on a treadmill. Results: The results showed that a large number of soccer players had V O 2 max levels incompatible with the status of professional athletes in this sport. The results between the players were: The player’s juniors presented average V O 2 max (56.2 mL . min -1. kg -1 ) significantly higher ( P < 0.05) of that the professional players (53.3 mL . min -1. kg -1 ) and controls (amateur, 50.4 mL . min -1. kg -1 ). However, a large number of the adult (67%) and juniors (42%) professionals players presented values of V O 2 max near to the values covered for the control group. Conclusions: The study verified a great number of soccer players, considered of the elite, with values below that it is recommended for players of this competitive level. It seems that preseason training was not enough to achieve compatible V O 2 max levels for most players.

Physiological, morphological characteristics and blood profile of female elite Brazilian soccer players according to position

Abstract: The main goal of this study was to identify the performance parameters and blood profile found among female soccer players. The second aim was to examine if there were any systematic differences between players assigned to different playing positions. Thirty-six players (age: 23.7 ± 3.5 y; weight: 61.9 ± 5.7 kg; height: 165.7± 6.2 cm) underwent a set of laboratory tests (cardiopulmonary exercise test, skinfold measurements, Wingate test, sit-and-reach test, and blood biochemical tests). The following results were verified: maximal oxygen uptake (53±3.9 mL . kg -1. min -1 ), second ventilatory threshold (11.5 ± 0.8 km . h -1 ), body fat (14.1 ± 2.9%), Wingate anaerobic test (peak power: 9.5 ± 0.8 w . kg -1 ; mean power: 7.3 ± 0.4 w . kg -1 and fatigue index: 55.5 ± 4.9%), flexibility test [sit-and-reach] (18.1 ± 2.9 cm) and biochemical parameters of blood (Hb:13.9 ± 0.3 g . dL -1 ; iron: 85.2 ± 12.6 µ . dL -1 ; calcium: 9.2±0.5 mg . dL -1 ; total cholesterol: 204.7 ± 34.7 mg . dL -1 ; HDL-c: 50.7± 3.6 mg . dL -1 ; LDL-c: 125.8± 23.3 mg . dL -1 ; triglycerides: 96.8±18.5 mg . dL -1 ). In conclusion, the current results indicate that present elite players' physiological characteristics are similar to those previously shown, despite the rapid changes of the female soccer game worldwide. However, data showed that different playing positions had different physiological and anthropometrics differences.

Residual Impact of Concurrent, Resistance, and High-Intensity Interval Training on Fasting Measures of Glucose Metabolism in Women With Insulin Resistance.

Abstract: We sought to assess the residual effects (post 72-h training cessation) on fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and fasting insulin (FI) after 12-weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT), resistance training (RT), or concurrent training (CT) in women with insulin resistance (IR). We also aimed to determine the training-induced, post-training residual impact of CT. A total of adult 45 women (age 38.5±9.2years) were included in the final analysis and were assigned to a control (CG; n=13, BMI 28.3±3.6kg/m2), HIIT [n=14, BMI 28.6±3.6kg/m2, three sessions/wk., 80-100% of the maximum heart rate (HRmax)], RT [n=8, BMI 29.4±5.5kg/m2, two sessions/wk., 8-10 points of the modified Borg, corresponding to 20 to 50% range of one maximum repetition test (1RM)], or CT group (n=10, BMI 29.1±3.0kg/m2, three sessions/wk., 80-100% of HRmax, and 8-10 Borg, or 20 to 50% range of 1RM, to each HIIT and RT compounds), with the latter including both HIIT and RT regimens. Training interventions lasted 12-weeks. The main outcomes were FPG and FI measured at pre- and 24-h and 72-h post-training (FPG24h, FI24h, and FPG72h, FI72h, respectively). Secondary endpoints were body composition/anthropometry and the adiposity markers waist circumference (WC) and tricipital skinfold (TSF). The residual effects 72-h post-training [delta (∆)] were significantly poorer (all p<0.01) in the CT group (∆FPG72h+6.6mg/dl, η2: 0.76) than in the HIIT (∆FPG72h+1.2mg/dl, η2: 0.07) and RT (∆FPG72h+1.0mg/dl, η2: 0.05) groups. These findings reveal that HIIT reduces FPG and RT reduces FI 24-h post-training; both exercise interventions alone have remarkably better residual effects on FPG and FI (post-72h) than CT in women with insulin resistance.