In this review, we highlight the use of organic photoredox catalysts in a myriad of synthetic transformations with a range of applications. This overview is arranged by catalyst class where the photophysics and electrochemical characteristics of each is discussed to underscore the differences and advantages to each type of single electron redox agent. We highlight both net reductive and oxidative as well as redox neutral transformations that can be accomplished using purely organic photoredox-active catalysts. An overview of the basic photophysics and electron transfer theory is presented in order to provide a comprehensive guide for employing this class of catalysts in photoredox manifolds.

Organic Photoredox Catalysis

N-Heterocyclic Carbenes in Late Transition Metal Catalysis

Asymmetric enamine catalysis.

Reactions that convert carbon–hydrogen (C–H) bonds into carbon–carbon (C–C) or carbon–heteroatom (C–Y) bonds are attractive tools for organic chemists, potentially expediting the synthesis of target molecules through new disconnections in retrosynthetic analysis. Despite extensive inorganic and organometallic study of the insertion of homogeneous metal species into unactivated C–H bonds, practical applications of this technology in organic chemistry are still rare. Only in the past decade have metal-catalyzed C–H functionalization reactions become more widely utilized in organic synthesis.Research in the area of homogeneous transition metal–catalyzed C–H functionalization can be broadly grouped into two subfields. They reflect different approaches and goals and thus have different challenges and opportunities. One approach involves reactions of completely unfunctionalized aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons, which we refer to as “first functionalization”. Here the substrates are nonpolar and hydrophobic a...

Weak coordination as a powerful means for developing broadly useful C-H functionalization reactions.

Small-molecule H-bond donors in asymmetric catalysis.

Lewis- und Bronsted-Sauren konnen durch verfeinerte Techniken in effektivere Reagentien uberfuhrt werden. Ziel der Entwicklung solcher “Designer-Sauren” sind hohe Reaktivitaten und Selektivitaten sowie eine vielseitige Anwendbarkeit bei Reaktionen, die das Potenzial von Saurekatalysatoren nicht vollstandig ausschopfen. In der Katalysatorplanung wird insbesondere das Konzept der kombinierten Sauren zum Design enantioselektiver Katalysen genutzt. Diese sind unterteilt in Bronsted-Saure-aktivierte Lewis-Sauren (BLAs), Lewis-Saure-aktivierte Lewis-Sauren (LLAs), Lewis-Saure-aktivierte Bronsted-Sauren (LBAs) und Bronsted-Saure-aktivierte Bronsted-Sauren (BBAs). Bei der kombinierten Anwendung von Sauren bleibt zum einen die inharente Reaktivitat der assoziierten Komponenten erhalten, zum anderen stehen hoher organisierte Strukturen zur Verfugung, die eine wirksame asymmetrische Umgebung schaffen.

Kombinierte Säurekatalyse in der asymmetrischen Synthese durch “Designer‐Säuren”

Rhenium(VII) Oxo Complexes as Extremely Active Catalysts in the Dehydration of Primary Amides and Aldoximes to Nitriles

Diversity-based strategy for discovery of environmentally benign organocatalyst: diamine-protonic acid catalysts for asymmetric direct aldol reaction

A New Chiral BLA Promoter for Asymmetric Aza Diels-Alder and Aldol-Type Reactions of Imines

New chiral bishydroxamic acids were synthesized and tested as chiral ligands in the vanadium-catalyzed asymmetric epoxidation of homoallylic alcohols to provide good yields and high enantioselectivities.

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Hisashi Yamamoto

Papers

Kombinierte Säurekatalyse in der asymmetrischen Synthese durch “Designer‐Säuren”

Rhenium(VII) Oxo Complexes as Extremely Active Catalysts in the Dehydration of Primary Amides and Aldoximes to Nitriles

Diversity-based strategy for discovery of environmentally benign organocatalyst: diamine-protonic acid catalysts for asymmetric direct aldol reaction

A New Chiral BLA Promoter for Asymmetric Aza Diels-Alder and Aldol-Type Reactions of Imines

Vanadium-catalyzed asymmetric epoxidation of homoallylic alcohols