Iraklis I. Pipinos

TL;DR: Oxidative stress biomarker analysis demonstrated significantly increased levels of protein carbonyls, lipid hydroperoxides, and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal compared to control muscle, and antioxidant enzyme activities were altered, with a significant decrease in superoxide dismutase activity and significant increases in catalase and glutathione peroxidase.

TL;DR: The studies demonstrate that the cachectic phenotype is in part due to metabolic alterations in tumor cells, which can be reverted by a ketogenic diet, causing reduced tumor growth and inhibition of muscle and body weight loss.

TL;DR: Evidence is provided that a state of repetitive cycles of exercise-induced ischemia followed by reperfusion at rest operates in PAD patients and mediates a large number of structural and metabolic changes in the muscle, resulting in reduced strength and function.

TL;DR: Accumulating evidence that oxidative stress related to ischemia reperfusion is probably the major operating mechanism of peripheral arterial occlusive disease myopathy is reviewed and important new findings of a possible neuropathy and a shift in muscle fiber type are reviewed.

TL;DR: It is indicated that the use of cerebral protection devices decreased the risk of perioperative stroke with CAS and a well designed randomized trial can further confirm the findings and possibly indicate the device with the best outcomes.