We report a study of self-assembled beta-pleated sheets in B. mori silk fibroin films using thermal analysis and infrared spectroscopy. B. mori silk fibroin may stand as an exemplar of fibrous proteins containing crystalline beta-sheets. Materials were prepared from concentrated solutions (2−5 wt % fibroin in water) and then dried to achieve a less ordered state without beta-sheets. Crystallization of beta-pleated sheets was effected either by heating the films above the glass transition temperature (Tg) and holding isothermally or by exposure to methanol. The fractions of secondary structural components including random coils, alpha-helices, beta-pleated sheets, turns, and side chains were evaluated using Fourier self-deconvolution (FSD) of the infrared absorbance spectra. The silk fibroin films were studied thermally using temperature-modulated differential scanning calorimetry (TMDSC) to obtain the reversing heat capacity. The increment of the reversing heat capacity ΔCp0(Tg) at the glass transition fo...

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Determining Beta Sheet Crystallinity in Fibrous Proteins by Thermal Analysis and Infrared Spectroscopy

2.2. Interface Trapping Effects 211 3. High-k Dielectric Materials for OFETs 212 3.1. Inorganic Dielectrics 212 3.1.1. Aluminum Oxide 213 3.1.2. Tantalum Oxide 215 3.1.3. Titanium Dioxide 216 3.1.4. Hafnium Dioxide 217 3.1.5. Zirconium Dioxide 218 3.1.6. Cerium Dioxide 218 3.2. Organic Dielectrics 218 3.2.1. Polymer Dielectrics 218 3.2.2. Self-Assembled Monoand Multilayers 225 3.3. Hybrid Dielectrics 227 3.3.1. Polymeric-Nanoparticle Composites 227 3.3.2. Inorganic-Organic Bilayers 232 3.3.3. Hybrid Solid Polymer Electrolytes 235 4. Summary 235 5. Acknowledgments 236 6. References 236

High-k organic, inorganic, and hybrid dielectrics for low-voltage organic field-effect transistors.

X-ray absorption and dichroism of transition metals and their compounds

Efficiency is crucial for organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) to be energy-saving and to have a long lifetime for display and solid state lighting applications. Numerous approaches have been proposed to attain high efficiency OLEDs through the synthesis of novel organic materials, the design of light extraction structures and the design of efficiency-effective device architectures. In this report, we first summarise the efficiency records of OLED devices using fluorescent, phosphorescent, and thermally activated delay fluorescent materials. Importantly, we review all the available efficiency-effective device architectural approaches, which include using thin layer structures, low carrier injection barriers, high carrier mobility, balanced carrier injection, effective carrier confinement, effective host-to-guest energy transfer, effective recombination zone, effective exciton generation on the host, effective exciton confinement, p–i–n structures, and tandem structures. It is hoped that better device structures can therefore be devised upon suitable device engineering to achieve higher efficiency for OLED devices.

Approaches for fabricating high efficiency organic light emitting diodes

The field of flexible electronics has rapidly expanded over the last decades, pioneering novel applications, such as wearable and textile integrated devices, seamless and embedded patch-like systems, soft electronic skins, as well as imperceptible and transient implants. The possibility to revolutionize our daily life with such disruptive appliances has fueled the quest for electronic devices which yield good electrical and mechanical performance and are at the same time light-weight, transparent, conformable, stretchable, and even biodegradable. Flexible metal oxide semiconductor thin-film transistors (TFTs) can fulfill all these requirements and are therefore considered the most promising technology for tomorrow's electronics. This review reflects the establishment of flexible metal oxide semiconductor TFTs, from the development of single devices, large-area circuits, up to entirely integrated systems. First, an introduction on metal oxide semiconductor TFTs is given, where the history of the field is revisited, the TFT configurations and operating principles are presented, and the main issues and technological challenges faced in the area are analyzed. Then, the recent advances achieved for flexible n-type metal oxide semiconductor TFTs manufactured by physical vapor deposition methods and solution-processing techniques are summarized. In particular, the ability of flexible metal oxide semiconductor TFTs to combine low temperature fabrication, high carrier mobility, large frequency operation, extreme mechanical bendability, together with transparency, conformability, stretchability, and water dissolubility is shown. Afterward, a detailed analysis of the most promising metal oxide semiconducting materials developed to realize the state-of-the-art flexible p-type TFTs is given. Next, the recent progresses obtained for flexible metal oxide semiconductor-based electronic circuits, realized with both unipolar and complementary technology, are reported. In particular, the realization of large-area digital circuitry like flexible near field communication tags and analog integrated circuits such as bendable operational amplifiers is presented. The last topic of this review is devoted for emerging flexible electronic systems, from foldable displays, power transmission elements to integrated systems for large-area sensing and data storage and transmission. Finally, the conclusions are drawn and an outlook over the field with a prediction for the future is provided.

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Metal oxide semiconductor thin-film transistors for flexible electronics

Self-alignment of 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)pentacene molecules through magnetic flux-affected nanoparticle motion in solution-processed transistors

We demonstrate a multiple quantum well (MQW) structure with charge control layers (CCLs) to produce highly efficient blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Three types of devices (A, B, and C) were fabricated with the following emitting layer structures while maintaining the thickness of the EMLs: host-emitter doping layers, nondoping layers, and CCLs. Triplet energies in such MQW devices were confined at the EMLs. The properties of a device with an MQW demonstrated a maximum luminous efficiency and external quantum efficiency of 18.33 cd/A and 9.47%, respectively. The device also showed a reduction in the turn-on voltage from 3.5 V to 2.5 V and an enhancement of the power efficiency. The described MQW device concept is considered to be useful for future OLED displays and light applications.

Effect of a multiple quantum well structure as an emissive layer based on blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes

High dielectric constant of gate insulators is one of the essential factors for reducing the threshold voltage of OTFTs. Viewed in this light, PVP solution mixed with high-k TiO2 was synthesized and utilized as a gate insulator for lowering the threshold voltage and enhancing the subthreshold swing of OTFTs. As a result, we could increase the dielectric constant of the PVP-based insulator up to 5.8, and the OTFTs with the composite insulator showed the threshold voltage of about −8.3 V and the subthreshold slope of about 1.5 V/decade, which are the optimized properties compared to those of OTFTs with PVP in this study.

P-4: Synthesis and Applications of PVP-TiO2 Composite as a Gate Insulator for Organic Thin-Film Transistors

Expeditious and eco-friendly solution-free self-patterning of sol–gel oxide semiconductor thin films

The elastic properties of a biocompatible silk film were investigated under temperature and pressure variations by using Brillouin spectroscopy. The Brillouin frequency shift decreased monotonically upon heating and showed a sudden change at the glass transition temperature. The existence of water molecules in the film increased the longitudinal modulus by approximately 10% and induced a relaxation peak in the hypersonic damping at ~60 ◦ C. The pressure dependences of the sound velocities of the longitudinal and the transverse acoustic modes and the refractive index were determined for the first time at pressures up to ~15.5 GPa. All these properties increased upon compression; these changes indicated that the free volume in the silk film collapsed at a pressure of about 3 GPa.

Jaehoon Park

Papers

Self-alignment of 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)pentacene molecules through magnetic flux-affected nanoparticle motion in solution-processed transistors

Effect of a multiple quantum well structure as an emissive layer based on blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes

P-4: Synthesis and Applications of PVP-TiO2 Composite as a Gate Insulator for Organic Thin-Film Transistors

Expeditious and eco-friendly solution-free self-patterning of sol–gel oxide semiconductor thin films

Pressure and Temperature Dependences of the Acoustic Behaviors of Biocompatible Silk Studied by Using Brillouin Spectroscopy