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Applied Longitudinal Data Analysis Modeling Change And Event Occurrence

http://www.cognitiveneuroscience.it/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Rossini_CliNeuro_2015.pdf

Non-invasive electrical and magnetic stimulation of the brain, spinal cord, roots and peripheral nerves: Basic principles and procedures for routine clinical and research application: An updated report from an I.F.C.N. Committee

Towards a glutamate hypothesis of depression: an emerging frontier of neuropsychopharmacology for mood disorders.

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Magnetic Resonance Imaging Physical Principles And Sequence Design

Understanding how the brain computes value is a basic question in neuroscience. Although individual studies have driven this progress, meta-analyses provide an opportunity to test hypotheses that require large collections of data. We carry out a meta-analysis of a large set of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies of value computation to address several key questions. First, what is the full set of brain areas that reliably correlate with stimulus values when they need to be computed? Second, is this set of areas organized into dissociable functional networks? Third, is a distinct network of regions involved in the computation of stimulus values at decision and outcome? Finally, are different brain areas involved in the computation of stimulus values for different reward modalities? Our results demonstrate the centrality of ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC), ventral striatum and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) in the computation of value across tasks, reward modalities and stages of the decision-making process. We also find evidence of distinct subnetworks of co-activation within VMPFC, one involving central VMPFC and dorsal PCC and another involving more anterior VMPFC, left angular gyrus and ventral PCC. Finally, we identify a posterior-to-anterior gradient of value representations corresponding to concrete-to-abstract rewards.

/pdf/informatic-parcellation-of-the-network-involved-in-the-379esgbp11.pdf

Informatic parcellation of the network involved in the computation of subjective value.

Background: Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), which is a technique for measuring the degree and direction of movement of water molecules in tissue, has been widely used to noninvasively assess white matter (WM) or gray matter (GM) microstructures in vivo. Mean diffusivity (MD), which is the average diffusion across all directions, has been considered as a marker of WM tract degeneration or extracellular space enlargement in GM. Recent lines of evidence suggest that cortical MD can better identify early-stage Alzheimer’s disease than structural morphometric parameters in magnetic resonance imaging. However, knowledge of the relationships between cortical MD and other biological factors in the same cortical region, e.g. metabolites, is still limited. Methods:
 Thirty-three healthy elderly individuals [aged 50–77 years (mean, 63.8±7.4 years); 11 males and 22 females] were enrolled. We estimated the associations between cortical MD and neurotransmitter levels. Specifically, we measured levels of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate + glutamine (Glx), which are inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitters, respectively, in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) using MEGA-PRESS magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and we measured regional cortical MD using DTI. Results:
 Cortical MD was significantly negatively associated with Glx levels in both mPFC and PCC. No significant association was observed between cortical MD and GABA levels in either GM region. Conclusion:
 Our findings suggest that degeneration of microstructural organization in GM, as determined on the basis of cortical MD measured by DTI, is accompanied by the decline of Glx metabolism within the same GM region.

/pdf/glutamine-glutamate-level-predicts-the-magnitude-of-3bb26tbc0h.pdf

Glutamine+glutamate level predicts the magnitude of microstructural organization in the gray matter in the healthy elderly

Corrigendum to “Changes in functional connectivity and GABA levels with long-term motor learning” [J. Neuroimage 106 (2015) 15-20].

Neurochemical changes in an immunologically-induced high risk state for mood disorder: interferon-alpha treatment of chronic hepatitis c viral infection

Jamie Near

Papers

Glutamine+glutamate level predicts the magnitude of microstructural organization in the gray matter in the healthy elderly

Corrigendum to “Changes in functional connectivity and GABA levels with long-term motor learning” [J. Neuroimage 106 (2015) 15-20].

Neurochemical changes in an immunologically-induced high risk state for mood disorder: interferon-alpha treatment of chronic hepatitis c viral infection

Multimodal assessment of the GABA system in patients with fragile-X syndrome and neurofibromatosis of type 1

glutamate+glutamine spectroscopy measures of GABA and stimulation measures of intracortical inhibition and Relationship between transcranial magnetic