Mechanism and modeling of nitrogen chemistry in combustion

The detection and measurement of gas concentrations using the characteristic optical absorption of the gas species is important for both understanding and monitoring a variety of phenomena from industrial processes to environmental change. This study reviews the field, covering several individual gas detection techniques including non-dispersive infrared, spectrophotometry, tunable diode laser spectroscopy and photoacoustic spectroscopy. We present the basis for each technique, recent developments in methods and performance limitations. The technology available to support this field, in terms of key components such as light sources and gas cells, has advanced rapidly in recent years and we discuss these new developments. Finally, we present a performance comparison of different techniques, taking data reported over the preceding decade, and draw conclusions from this benchmarking.

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Optical gas sensing: a review

The hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engine : a technical review.

Fuel nitrogen conversion in solid fuel fired systems

https://backend.orbit.dtu.dk/ws/files/145750384/Nreview_revised.pdf

Modeling nitrogen chemistry in combustion

Oxides of nitrogen emissions from biodiesel-fuelled diesel engines

On the destruction of availability (exergy) due to combustion processes — with specific application to internal-combustion engines

A Review of Investigations Using the Second Law of Thermodynamics to Study Internal-Combustion Engines

Selective, non-catalytic techniques for removing nitric oxide (NO) from the exhaust gases of combustion processes include the addition of cyanuric acid, ammonia, or urea to the hot exhaust. This paper compares the effects of temperature and exhaust gas composition on the cyanuric acid (CA) and the ammonia (NH3) nitric oxide reduction processes and examines the decomposition of dry urea. The experiments were conducted in an electrically heated quartz flow reactor using mixtures of N2, 02, H2, H2, O, CO, and NO that simulated exhaust gases from overall lean hydrocarbon combustion processes Comparison of the CA and the NH3 nitric oxide reduction processes shows that the effects of the exhaust O2, H2, O, and CO concentrations on the NO reduction level and the temperature range over which the NO reduction occurs are different for each process. The comparison also shows that the by-products of each process are different for some conditions. These differences indicate that the detailed chemical mechanis...

Comparison of Nitric Oxide Removal by Cyanuric Acid and by Ammonia

http://zclient.persiangig.com/ScienceDirect/A01.pdf

Jerald A. Caton

Papers

Oxides of nitrogen emissions from biodiesel-fuelled diesel engines

On the destruction of availability (exergy) due to combustion processes — with specific application to internal-combustion engines

A Review of Investigations Using the Second Law of Thermodynamics to Study Internal-Combustion Engines

Comparison of Nitric Oxide Removal by Cyanuric Acid and by Ammonia

The thermodynamic characteristics of high efficiency, internal-combustion engines